Wikibending:
Seige of Ba Sing Se
The Five Wisdoms
Bumi
Metalbending
Hundred Year War
The Floral Crisis
The Clash of the Comet
After the short but violent occupation of the Southern Water Tribe by Northern forces, it was universally agreed by the various Chieftains that the time had come for a formal split between the Water Tribes. For the majority of its history the South had acknowledged the Northern Chiefs as sovereign, but had largely done so because accepting a Northerner was better than accepting their neighbor. However the leadership of Hakoda, his son Sokka, and the rigors of war had created a Southern Identity. Unity had weakened with the death of Sokka and the subsequent power vacuum, but Northern Occupation that had been allowed by this disunity hammered home the need for a unified and independent South.
Ironically, it was a Northerner they selected as their first High Chief. Tonraq was in fact the brother of Unalaq who had recently invaded the South and then tried to destroy the world. However Tonraq was also Chief of the influential Uluriaq Tribe, by virtue of his marriage to Senna who was the daughter of the previous Chief. And, as father to the Avatar, he was well versed in international geopolitics and it was unlikely he would start a dynasty. He had also gained credibility leading the resistance to Unalaq.
Thus there was general agreement behind a Declaration of Independence and Proclaiming Tonraq as High Chief of the Southern Water Tribe. The devil, however, was in the details
Tonraq convened an assembly of Chiefs to write a formal Constitution for the Southern Water Tribe, held at Taqqiq Palace, but soon found there was substantial disagreement about the structure for the new Government.
Tonraq sought broad authority over all matters, drawing perhaps on the Northern Water Tribe he had otherwise abandoned. He agreed with the necessity of some sort of counterbalance to his power, likely a council of tribes. But he wanted the central government to have wide authority to levy taxes, develop infrastructure, and enforce laws. He acknowledged that his daughter was unlikely to succeed him as High Chief, but wished to maintain authority over his own succession. Opposing him was a more conservative faction, led by Chiefs Akiruk and Itkaktuk. They remained suspicious of any move towards centralization. They favored only limited powers to the High Chief, tempered by a Council of Tribes with powers to restrict him, and which would elect a new High Chief. True authority in most matters, however, would rest with the individual Tribes.
There was a small delegation of more radical Chiefs who favored the United Republic as a model. They were led by Suaktuk. They favored centralization, but wanted an elected Council restraining the authority of the High Chief, who would be subject to popular election, although only among hereditary Tribal Chiefs. This faction would achieve little at the Convention itself, but would play a key role in the fight for elected Tribal assemblies later on.
Ultimately outside events would detriment the course of the Convention. The Red Lotus Crisis began soon after the Convention began, and Tonraq was soon traveling the World with his daughter combating the issue. This was widely applauded at home, but left his faction leaderless. And with the radicals so small, the conservatives dominated the proceedings.
When Tonraq returned home he was presented with a fait accompli, and dealing with Korra’s injuries at the hands of the Red Lotus, did little to combat the Conservative Constitution.
The High Chief was given command of the newly unified Southern Forces and wide latitude to conduct foreign affairs. The central government was also given the right to levy tariffs for revenue, but no other taxation powers. Almost every other facet of government was left to the individual tribes. All treaties, declarations of war, and financial matters had to be ratified by a Council of Tribes. Each Tribe, regardless of size, received one representative appointed by the local Chief. The Council also had the right to elect a new High Chief when Tonraq died.
Despite its limited scope, the Southern Water Tribe Constitution was a major historical moment. It was the first written Constitution outside of the United Republic, and set the stage for greater cohesion inside the Southern Water Tribe. The Convention introduced many in the South to politics, and marked the start of a vibrant political scene.