The
1994 American federal election was held on Thursday 5 May 1994, to elect 730 members to the House of Representatives of America. The incumbent governing
Liberal Party led by Prime Minister Joe Biden was defeated in a landslide by the
Conservative Party led by Newt Gingrich. The 104-seat swing in membership from the Liberal Party to the Conservative Party was also largest seat gain for the Conservatives since 1946, and the largest ever seat loss for the Liberals, and characterised a political realignment in American politics. The election saw the end of the Fourth Party System.
The political backdrop of campaigning focused on public opinion towards a change in government. The
Conservative Party ran against Prime Minister Joe Biden's proposed healthcare reform and benefited from impressions of corruption created by the Whitewater investigation. The
Conservatives campaigned on the Contract with America, a legislative agenda written by Gingrich and Shadow Finance Minister Richard Armey.
Former Prime Minister Sir Richard Nixon, the
Conservative candidate in the electoral district of Northwest California, died on 22 April. Both major parties suspended their campaigns until after Nixon's funeral on 27 April.
The final result of the election on 8 May 1994 revealed that the
Conservatives had won a landslide majority, making a net gain of 104 seats and winning 50,7% of the vote. The
Liberals, meanwhile, suffered defeat with a net loss of 104 seats, and winning 44.3% of the vote.
The overall result of the election ended nearly 8 years of
Liberal government, in their worst ever defeat. Immediately following the election Biden resigned as party leader, The
Conservative victory, the largest achieved in their history and by any political party in American politics since 1946, led to the party's first of three consecutive terms in power lasting 12 years, with Gingrich as the newly appointed Prime Minister.
The
Liberals lost many ministers such as Leslie Aspin, Tom Foley, John Turner, Al Gore and Paul Martin as well as Speaker Charles Rose.