Joseph Robinette Biden, Jr. is an American politician who is the senior United States Senator from
Delaware. A moderate, Biden has been a leading center-left figure in both the Progressive and Republican parties. He has served in the Senate since first being elected in 1988, and is currently the 7th most senior Senator, serving his sixth six-year term. He ran unsuccessful campaigns for the Progressive nomination for the presidency in 1992 and 2000, being defeated by Mario Cuomo on both occasions.
Biden was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and was raised there and in Delaware. After studying at the University of Delaware, and Syracuse University's law school, Biden worked as a lawyer, before being elected as the Republican Mayor of Wilmington in 1976. He was an extremely popular mayor, and served for twelve years, often running without opposition in elections. In 1985, frustrated at the rightward direction of the national Republican Party during the Roberts administration, he switched to be an independent, and then after winning re-election in 1986, switched to the Progressive Party. He was elected to the U.S. Senate as a Progressive in 1988, and quickly emerged as an important figure in the party's moderate faction.
Biden has served three non-consecutive stints as Chair of the Senate Transportation Committee, and is currently its Chair once again. He has been a passionate advocate for expanding and improving the nation's public transportation infrastructure, notably commuting from Wilmington to the Capitol by train every day. He is known to have been offered the role of Secretary of Transportation three times, but rejected each time in order to remain in the Senate. Biden has also served as the Progressive ranking member in the Foreign Relations and Judiciary committees, and was notable as a Progressive supporter of intervention in Haiti and sub-Saharan Africa. His role as a founding member of the Cross-Party Foreign Policy Caucus led to criticism from many on the left of the party.
After a brief, unsuccessful, campaign for the presidency in 1992, he ran a much more serious and successful one in 2000, rallying the center of the Progressive Party, and attracting some moderates from other parties to cross over and vote for him in the primaries. However, he was narrowly defeated by Mario Cuomo, and is widely understood to have turned down an offer from Cuomo to be his Vice Presidential running mate. Following the 2004 elections, when the Progressives held the White House and a plurality in both houses of Congress, Biden became a leading figure in the Senate, and worked prominently with the administration to help shepherd legislation through Congress.
However, following the election of Mitch Daniels in 2008, Biden became increasingly frustrated with the leftward movement of the Progressive Party, and, following Daniels' landslide victory in 2012, along with Biden's fifth election to the Senate, he officially switched parties in October 2013, re-joining the Republican Party which he had left nearly thirty years previously, and regaining the Chair of the Transportation Committee in the process. He won a sixth term in 2018, his first Senate election as a Republican, and has indicated that he will likely retire from the Senate in 2024, although he has not yet made an official announcement to that effect.