Photos from Featherston's Confederacy/ TL-191

Your most weclome. I always kinda learn towards a restore Mexican Republic in the past, but I am always sympathetic to Maximilian and I do think the Second Mexican Empire gets a raw deal in TL-191. @Joshua Ben Ari also thinks the same in the USA wanting a stable US-Mexico-Texas border and worried about nationalist republicans (or any nationalist government) talking about the "lost land of Sonora and Chihuahua".

(As well as Imperial Mexico keeping the peace in Central America for the USA.)

As for Sonora and Chihuahua, I do think America would take those regions and keep them. Both had small populations that would make it easy for the CSA to fill them up with setters of their own, seeing the rise of mixed race population, as well as a great deal of investment into both. There be something like 1.5 million including Confederate Whites who moved in as well by c. 1940. Guaymas is a good port and Ciudad Juarez has a good industrial manufacturing center, good climate, agriculture, tourism, and Sonora has a lot of mineral resources. Plus after 60 years of being Confederate, and being part of that Anglo-Confederate culture, they're distinct from Mexico.

In short, Sonora and Chihuahua would be Arizona and Florida: Decent climate, minerals that can be mined, and agriculture. A lot of Yankees migrate down to retire to Sonora and Chihuahua.

Yes.

That's actually a really good way of looking at the First Mexican War being a early catalyst in leading to the War of Succession. The fact so many generals and leaders in the War of Succession took part in the the First Mexican War adds to the matter. (As it was in OTL, even if the war lasted only to 1862.)

I would at least give Mexico the Baja California Peninsula back.

On a related topic, I've wondered if Imperial Mexico would attempt and succeed in taking some or all of the Central American nations. Fun fact: Every Central American country, except Panama, was once part of Mexico.

Oh, and it wouldn't be called Ciudad Juárez in TL-191. It would either keep its original name Paso del Norte or be renamed by the Confederates.
 
I would at least give Mexico the Baja California Peninsula back.

On a related topic, I've wondered if Imperial Mexico would attempt and succeed in taking some or all of the Central American nations. Fun fact: Every Central American country, except Panama, was once part of Mexico.

Oh, and it wouldn't be called Ciudad Juárez in TL-191. It would either keep its original name Paso del Norte or be renamed by the Confederates.

Yeah, the Baja makes sense.

I'm sure Mexico would have a fun time in Central America. The Confederacy is gone, and the Union is exhausted. Outright conquering them may be too far, but before, I am sure Mexico had it influence across Central America with it own sphere, and now they have a free for all to expand it power.

(@Joshua Ben Ari your thoughts?)

Hmm...a part of me would want it to be named after Danial Boon, or something of the like.
 
See, I've always thought that the US would keep the Baja California peninsula. The US Marines took it in 1943 and, while the books speculate the US has no intention of staying there, it's a good location for a naval base and it's got some good mining and fishing opportunities there. And it lets the United States hem in the Sea of California, turning it into an American sea. If the United States wants to make peace with Mexico, and make it seem to other nations that they're interested in peace, they can 'buy' Baja California from Mexico.

Sonora and Chihuahua are questionable. On the one hand, they've never been part of the United States, full of people who have never been US citizens, and thus there's no real attachment to them. This makes it easier for the US to cede them to Mexico in exchange for a peaceful border. On the other hand, the US annexed territory from Sonora and added it to Arizona after the Great War, so there's already the precedent for it. Personally, I think that the US will keep them (maybe combine them into a singular entity) and have them become a 'southern' Arizona. Flood it with US settlers, African-Americans, and new immigrants to keep it firmly in US hands.

I never thought about Mexico expanding into Central America (it would sort of hurt the CSA's allies with Latin American dictators*), but it would work as a national territorial aspiration. Especially when you realize that Mexico has been steadily losing territory to either the Americans or the Confederates since the 1840s, they'd want to regain some prestige as a nation.

* Uses OTL dates: Jorge Ubico (Guatemala; 1931-44), Rafael Trujillo (Dominican Republic; 1930-38, 1942-52), Anastasio Somoza García (Nicaragua; 1937-47, 1950-56), Agustín Pedro Justo & Ramón Castillo (Argentina; 1932-38 & Argentina; 1942-43)
 
See, I've always thought that the US would keep the Baja California peninsula. The US Marines took it in 1943 and, while the books speculate the US has no intention of staying there, it's a good location for a naval base and it's got some good mining and fishing opportunities there. And it lets the United States hem in the Sea of California, turning it into an American sea. If the United States wants to make peace with Mexico, and make it seem to other nations that they're interested in peace, they can 'buy' Baja California from Mexico.

Sonora and Chihuahua are questionable. On the one hand, they've never been part of the United States, full of people who have never been US citizens, and thus there's no real attachment to them. This makes it easier for the US to cede them to Mexico in exchange for a peaceful border. On the other hand, the US annexed territory from Sonora and added it to Arizona after the Great War, so there's already the precedent for it. Personally, I think that the US will keep them (maybe combine them into a singular entity) and have them become a 'southern' Arizona. Flood it with US settlers, African-Americans, and new immigrants to keep it firmly in US hands.

I never thought about Mexico expanding into Central America (it would sort of hurt the CSA's allies with Latin American dictators*), but it would work as a national territorial aspiration. Especially when you realize that Mexico has been steadily losing territory to either the Americans or the Confederates since the 1840s, they'd want to regain some prestige as a nation.

* Uses OTL dates: Jorge Ubico (Guatemala; 1931-44), Rafael Trujillo (Dominican Republic; 1930-38, 1942-52), Anastasio Somoza García (Nicaragua; 1937-47, 1950-56), Agustín Pedro Justo & Ramón Castillo (Argentina; 1932-38 & Argentina; 1942-43)


I do lean on Sonora and Chihuahua being states. You can always use the fact of since the CSA is no longer in existence, and lands is ruled by the Union, that Sonora and Chihuahua is in a legal term, belongs to America now. Hey, new star to add to the flag at the very least.

Cue Mexico looking at Belize funny. (Not like the British can do anything about it.)

A thing to think about is a lot of Confederate business would be either default, or bought out by Americans, or the Mexicans in Central America in Post-GW2. Before, it be a odd balance between Mexico, the CSA, and USA. Now, Mexico has a free hand to expand itself and regain prestige and growth.
 
I do lean on Sonora and Chihuahua being states. You can always use the fact of since the CSA is no longer in existence, and lands is ruled by the Union, that Sonora and Chihuahua is in a legal term, belongs to America now. Hey, new star to add to the flag at the very least.

Cue Mexico looking at Belize funny. (Not like the British can do anything about it.)

A thing to think about is a lot of Confederate business would be either default, or bought out by Americans, or the Mexicans in Central America in Post-GW2. Before, it be a odd balance between Mexico, the CSA, and USA. Now, Mexico has a free hand to expand itself and regain prestige and growth.

I think the precedent of the US annexing parts of Sonora after the Great War will be used as justification of the US absorbing them. Most likely a singular state*, limits any influence they might have in the US Congress (two Senators, and likely 4 Representatives), and the US military is going to make bases in Guaymas and Hermosillo to keep a check on alt!Sonora.

Ironically, I think Belize might be safe from Mexican expansion. The British warned off the Confederates from targeting Black Bahamians and Jamaicans saying they were 'British subjects', so Belize might be done the same as 'British territory'. Francisco Jose II might get a letter from Featherston promising Central America to him after the war is won, or even topple one dictator in exchange for Mexico to absorb it when they've outlived their usefulness.

* Guessing about 1 million+ using OTL figures and Confederates who lived there
 
Colorized Photo of the Post GW1 Celebrations on Wall Street in New York City
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Ohio National Guardsmen take cover from the dreaded 'Asskickers' in the opening days of Operation Blackbeard, near Cincinnati. Late June 1941.
 
Map of Mexico in TL-191 Before 1881
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Notes:

  • The last time there was a territorial change in Mexico before the POD occurred was on 3 May 1858, when a part of the state of Yucatan was divided to form the Campeche territory. After the POD, there were three more changes in territory: Campeche was made into a state on 29 April, 1863; The combined state of Nuevo Leon y Coahuila was separated into its two original states from 1858 on 26 February, 1864; and the entire states of Mexico were reorganized into 50 departments on 3 March, 1865.
  • All of the previous state changes are very plausible to occur in the same manner in TL-191. Where it all changes is that the Second Mexican Empire was able to survive and continue existing past 1865. Since Dr. Turtledove chose to use Republican-era state sizes for Chihuahua and Sonora in 1881 during their sale to the Confederate States, I stated in my General Events posts on the FILLING THE GAPS thread that the Emperor of Mexico at the time could have simply decided to return to Pre-1865 state borders.
  • Just before the sale of Chihuahua and Sonora to the Confederate States on 14 June, 1881, Mexico had a total of 25 states, 1 territory and 1 Capital that is its own autonomous region. Hidalgo, Morelos, Nayarit, Quintana Roo, and Baja California Sur do not exist in TL-191 since they were created after the end of the empire in OTL.
  • Chihuahua's southern border was linear until OTL 20th Century.
  • I chose to rename the Districto Federal (Federal District) into Districto Imperial (Imperial District) to differentiate it from its time as a capital of a republic.
  • Mexico and British Honduras had a territorial dispute in OTL.
 

I'd like to think that something similar would have occurred in TL-191.

The major differences I added were the existence of the Divinity-Deniers and that Yamaguchi would have probably been released and lived out the rest of his life as a hero against socialism (Forgot to add that part!)
 
I'd like to think that something similar would have occurred in TL-191.

The major differences I added were the existence of the Divinity-Deniers and that Yamaguchi would have probably been released and lived out the rest of his life as a hero against socialism (Forgot to add that part!)
I could see that ITL-191.
 
Fan-edited Images related to SGW in TL-191

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Attack on Port of Nassau by Confederate Houndog planes, June 22, 1941

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American political cartoon of Charlie White shooting down C.S. planes at Nassau

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American soldier, somewhere in Pennsylvania, Winter 1942


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USA Newspaper Headline on Confederate Invasion, June 22, 1941


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Confederate Newspaper Headline Reporting on USA Counter-invasion, 1943

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Confederate soldiers in Grove City, Ohio after capturing it in August, 1941


Source for Doris Miller/Charlie White political cartoon:https://thesubtimes.com/2018/12/09/doris-miller-pearl-harbor-and-december-7-1941/
 
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U.S. Soldiers of the First Army in northern Tennessee prepare to advance against Confederate troops who have been attacked with poison gas. Circa Summer, 1916.



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The Confederacy's Revenge: How Japan's Superbomb Project Succeeded With FitzBelmont
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Henderson V. FitzBelmont, a Confederate Physicist who developed the first superbomb used against the United States*

If you were to read any history book about the Second Great War, you will often see the names of those scientists who were involved in their respective country's superbomb project: The German Einstein, The English Chadwick, and the American Oppenheimer. While there were other minor figures involved, one name tends to be mentioned much more rarely than others: FitzBelmont.

Dr. Henderson V. FitzBelmont was born during the Confederacy's 80+ year old existence and was head of the superbomb project located in Lexington, Virginia at Washington University. In 1944, the Confederates were able to successfully create a functioning superbomb and used it against Philadelphia during Potter's Raid. However, it was not as strong as the other superbombs that were detonated in Europe and only affected the western part of Philadelphia; the opposite side of where most of the U.S. government functioned. FitzBelmont was captured by U.S. forces, interrogated, and eventually released from custody. While he was able to return to Lexington and continue his academic teaching, the professor disappeared some time after the end of the war. No trace of him was ever found and it was suspected that the U.S. government played a role in his disappearance.

Many decades later and as the 20th Century reaches its last years, a new book was released in the Japanese Republic, in collaboration with other research scholars from different countries, that revealed how the Empire of Japan was able to advance their own superbomb project with the help of FitzBelmont's written work that was eventually received by Dr. Bunsaku Arakatsu.

Arakatsu was a Japanese Physicist who worked in a superbomb research program called F-Go Project. He personally knew FitzBelmont and would occasionally correspond with him via letters. More than a year after the war had ended, Arakatsu received a collection of papers from the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico**. The papers were initially sent by FitzBelmont first to the Second Republic of Texas in the hands of a group of secret Confederate sympathizers, and later to the Imperial District of Mexico where he knew and mentored to a few professors of Physics before the war started. The professors in Mexico were able to sent those papers to Japan in accordance to the written request that existed within the rest of the papers. The FitzBelmont Papers, as they are now called, contained crucial information about the Confederacy's superbomb program, such as how to successfully built one. With the help of Dr. Yoshino Nishina, Arakatsu was able to convince the Imperial government of Japan to invest more resources to their own superbomb project. On August 27, 1947***, the world reacted with surprise when the Japanese detonated its first superbomb on Karafuto island. The accelerated success of Japan's kernweapons**** program was credited to the information that FitzBelmont was able to send out before his disappearence.

Despite all this incredible information, there wasn't much of an answer as to what happened to FitzBelmont. According to the book, the U.S. government was undecided on what to do with FitzBelmont. General Abell expressed interest in liquidating him, but the government eventually decided to keep him under U.S. control and have him be part of creating more superbombs for the United States. However, the last known sighting of him was when he was heading to the Second Texas Republic to visit a university. Based on some of the personal writing that could be found, FitzBelmont expressed dissatisfaction in working with the American government. He hated Featherston for what he had done to the CSA, but refused to be a "white slave" for the "Yankee government" and would prefer to die than continue to live in a world without the CSA.

The research team for the book concluded that FitzBelmont may have taken his own life somewhere near the Texan-Mexican border, but this was never proven. A few members of the team think that he either lived a secret life under a new identity in Texas or in Mexico.




Inspiration: https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-japan-bomb-20150805-story.html

*I used OTL's Franco Rasetti as a TL-191 look-alike for FitzBelmont.
**The university was disbanded in 1865 by Maximilian. However, I think that a successful installation of the Second Mexican Empire may have resulted in the university being kept. Today the university eventually became OTL UNAM.

https://books.google.com/books?id=ajwABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA139&dq=maximilian+"30+november+1865"&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjyo9yOlJrPAhUHzIMKHWJ2BHkQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q=maximilian "30 november 1865"&f=false

https://books.google.com/books?id=klc_AQAAMAAJ&q=maximilian+"30+november+1865"&dq=maximilian+"30+november+1865"&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjyo9yOlJrPAhUHzIMKHWJ2BHkQ6AEISTAI#v=snippet&q=maximilian "30 november 1865"&f=false

***A similar event that is related to OTL's first nuclear bomb detonated by the Soviet Union.
**** A German-influenced word for "nuclear weapons" that I made up. In German, nuclear weapons are called kernwaffe.

Bonus: Using the Hiroshima bomb in OTL as an example, you can find out how big the blast radius would have been if it was detonated in Philadelphia. I assume that the Confederate bomb in TL-191 would be smaller by comparison. Here is the website: https://nuclearsecrecy.com/nukemap/
 
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Broken Faces of Dixie: Disfigured Confederate Soldiers of the First Great War

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Face masks created by a Texan artisan to cover the horrendous wounds of Confederate troops.
During the First Great War, military technology was far in advance of medical technology (especially in the field of surgery) and no more was this apparent than in the case of the faces of soldiers in all the warring factions.

One of the armies who had it the worst was the Confederate Army where nearly thirty percent of the army received facial and bodily wounds from shrapnel, explosions, etc during the course of the war. A doctor, surgeon, and professor of the Atlanta Medical College named Joshua Sterling Bragg (a descendant of Confederate General Braxton Bragg) was horrified and shocked at the wounds of the fighting men of Dixie and offered his services to the Confederate Army stationed in Kentucky at the start of 1915 and set up a specialist military hospital in Richmond.

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Dr. Joshua Sterling Bragg in 1914.​

Dr. Bragg and his team of surgeons used many facial reconstruction techniques of the day to aid in the repair of damaged faces. However Bragg developed a reconstructive technique known as “Waltzing the Tube Pedicle” in which the skin and soft tissue to be used for the flap is formed into a tubular pedicle and moved from the source to the target site by anchoring at both ends, periodically severing one end and anchoring it closer to the flap target site. As antibiotics had not yet been invented when this procedure was developed, wrapping the flap in a tube was important because infection was reduced. And in public areas near the military hospital in Richmond, benches that had been painted with the flag of the Army of Northern Virginia were set up where the wounded men could sit without the horrified stares of the public. Mirrors weren't allowed for patients in the hospital because many of them would collapse in shock and horror at the sight of their own faces.

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A before and after photograph of a Confederate soldier (top). A series of photographs depicting the process of facial reconstruction (bottom).

For those who received injuries too great for surgery or if the soldier didn’t get a good result with the surgery, facial masks produced by local sculptors (who used pre-war portraits or photographs to recreate the faces of patients), like the German-Confederate immigrant Friedrich Trump, and provided to them. Of course masks would partially or completely hide expressions but nonetheless, grateful soldiers wrote letters to Trump and others thanking them because it allowed some soldiers to re-enter normal life.

In his personal journal, Bragg reported that the amputee ward of the military hospital in Richmond was cheerful in comparison to the facial disfigurement ward.

Unfortunately for many of these men sad fates awaited them; veterans who came home with a mask would quite often send their own children running in terror (especially when the kids removed their father’s mask). Patients leaving the hospital would face difficulties in life with many working in places where they were out of sight, marriages broke up, single men with disfigurements would find a hard time finding mates, social isolation and shame was often a result for them, and there were even reports of veterans with facial disfigurement committing suicide. Indeed for these men life was far worse than death.
 
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