The Russo-European War/The Russian Civil War
A map of Europe as it appeared after the War.
In the closing days of the Great War, things did not look too up for Russia. After all, they had only begun making advancements on the Eastern Front because of the US’ entrance meaning that the western Allies could now more easily launch assaults on Germany. However, the fact remained that Russia was a backwards nation that was considered the biggest European joke second only to the Ottomans. Even though some degree of industrialization was being achieved via railroads and the development of steel industries. Not helping matter was that since the introduction of the Duma in 1899, it was being increasingly filled with Orthodox clergy in the vein of Grigori Rasputin, the infamous monk fabled to have been influencing the Czar in more ways than one. [1]
Eventually, the Great War ended with Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Spain surrendering in March 1917 [2]. As a result, numerous nations arose in Eastern Europe. Though the Russia did manage to get a large share of the former empires. Specifically, they managed to obtain both West and East Prussia from Germany, and the northeast of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. However, these new acquisitions would only last so long when Russia was largely controlled by religiously zealous men. Indeed, these men believed in spreading the Russian Orthodox Church across Europe.
One of the key members of the Duma, and the main architect of Russia's sufferings in the mid 20th century, was Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili. Having been trained as a priest, he began to read Karl Marx's works until the eventual assassination of Vladimir Lenin in 1917. Which was followed soon after by the Bolsheviks being arrested in large swaths for treason. Nonetheless, these readings would affect Jughashvili's view of how the Russian Orthodox Church should be run. Eventually, he rose in the ranks as both a church patriarch and a political figure. In which he developed Stalinism, part a cult of personality, part a Socialist theory, and part an Orthodox theocracy bent on spread his specific version of Christianity across the world, even if force was required to that end.
Eventually, Czar Nicholas II died in 1919. Leaving Empress Alexandria on the throne until her son Prince Alexi was old enough to take over. Ever since the aforementioned death of Rasputun, she felt a need for a similar figure in the lives of both her and her son. Ioseb was in her mind the best candidate; a man of the faith whose opinions on what needed to be changed would be valuable for the world to take Russia seriously. What she needed, was a prime minister of sorts to mentor Alexi on his road to the Czardom. Getting Ioseb to be in charge was easy enough. The Orthodox Church was considered by many one of Russia's more trustworthy institutions. Which was why Ioseb had been elected, both for his religious mind and desire to see Russia become a powerhouse.
Unfortunately for the territories of Russia, this was where things started going downhill. Many people in the more religiously diverse western half of the empire felt nervous thanks to Ioseb's rise to power. Ioseb's ideology was especially reviled by Catholic-majority Poland, which Ioseb referred to as a group of "reactionaries". Likewise, Protestant-majority Latvia and Finland were disturbed by Ioseb calling them "barbarians". Soon after, Ioseb began massively persecuting Jews, Muslims, pretty much anyone who wasn't a Russian Orthodox. Not even other branches of the Orthodox church were spared from persecution. Anyone who resisted Ioseb's ideology was sent to the Gulags of Siberia to be worked to death.
When Empress Alexandria died in 1922, and Alexi took the throne, Ioseb used the young man as a puppet for the great agenda of his. Eventually, the final straw for just about everyone in the territories was what happened to Aleksander Kakowski, the bishop of the Polish capitol Warsaw. Kakowski was an outspoken critic of Ioseb until during mass on June 3, 1922 he was gunned down by Russian Imperial Police. Soon after, there was mass outrage and rioting against Russian officials. Complete with Protestant and Catholic reprisals against Orthodox clergy in the area.
One priest however would take matters into his own hands. Maximillian Kolbe, a priest at Niepokalanów monastery near Warsaw, had enough. Deciding it was time to read George Washington's playbook, it was time to make Poland an independent state. Eventually he chose France, another Catholic-majority nation, as the base from where he would drum up the support for the revolution through radio broadcasts detailing the horrors non-Russian Orthodoxes endured. This in turn would lead to him meeting the similarly fled clergy from the also Catholic-majority Lithuania. These priests also introduced him to political escapees in various Protestant-majority nations. Among these men being the Finnish Risto Ryti, how had used similar tactics as Kolbe by drumming up support in New York, London, and Munich. Eventually, Kolbe, Ryti, and all their accomplices met together to former the Alliance for Independent European States (AIES), a group of men from across the oppressed Russian territories determined to give their respective nations independent rule.
Step one was to reveal the atrocities of Ioseb's rule to the outside world. The Warsaw Riots of 1921 were already public knowledge, but the revelation of the Gulags was what pushed many to the side of the AIES. The nations of Western Europe and North America were shocked by what Russia was doing. Up to that point, they had assumed Russia was making major progress. Of course they were in terms fo economies, but at certain expenses. Almost immediately, French officials agreed to meet with AIES' top leaders for a plan to free their respective lands. As part of this plan, the French made an agreement with the similarly alarmed Germany, under which France would cancel all the remaining debts from the Great War if Germany allowed then to station troops in the eastern half of the country. Though the military restrictions on Germany were not lifted, many Germans joined the French Foreign Legion as a result.
Back in Poland, various underground groups began to rise up in preparation. Many of these groups would hide in towns across the borders with Germany and Czechoslovakia. Likewise, Romania also pined for parts of the Ukraine, namely the Moldova region that had seen the majority express a desire to join Romania. Last but far from least was the desired support of the US and Japan. Being that they were the only ones really able to distract Russia, they agreed. After several more years of meticulous detail and planning, which would also see revolutionary forces spring up in Central Asia. Especially the regions of Central Asia, where the Muslim majority felt the brunt of Iosebist oppression.
The first major event of the revolution would be the Battle of Poznan on February 13, 1931. On that date members of the Polish home army, having secretly trained across the border in Germany, seized transportation and military links in the area. Ioseb thought nothing of this at first, and simply ordered troops to come in and squash the rebels. But this was just what the AIES and her allies wanted. Japanese forces, backed by American and British battleships, landed on the island of Sakhalin, and soon after marched on the Russian mainland. Though it was relatively weak, the Republic of China was also part of the coalition, and its forces fought with strong determination to seize Mongolia and use it to destroy Siberian rail links.
In the Crimean Sea, Romanian forces, backed by French and British garrisons that had been present since WW1, entered the Crimean Sea. From there, it assisted Ukranian rebels in seizing the Crimean Peninsula and several Russian naval ships. The Battle of Crimea was one of the war's longest and lasted for a year and a half. But in the end, the Royal Navy from Egypt still came to end things off. Back in Eastern Europe, the action was largely concentrated in Poland-Lithuania, which by that point was going to be one state like the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of old. There the Polish Home Army, backed by German and French troops, often would go for taking ot major cities and their transport links. From there, they would then use the assistance of their allies in taking over the surrounding countryside. Whereas the government of a newly independent Belarus swore itself to standing between Ioseb and Poland. Further north in Finland, the resistance there was able to overwhelm to Russians by being better led despite their small size.
Eventually, Czar Alexi had enough of forcing his men into a war that seemingly everyone was fighting Russia in. He eventually had Ioseb arrested, only for the theocratic dictator to commit suicide soon after. Then Ioseb was replaced with his fiercest enemy in his days as part of the Duma, the more secular Leon Trotsky. At the Treaty of Bucharest, he agreed to the terms set about by AIES and their official allies of France, Germany, Romania, Norway, Czechoslovakia, America, China, Britain, and Japan.
The Treaty of Bucharest Terms
- Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Poland-Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan are all to become independent nations.
- Russia shall surrender all claims to Mongolia to China.
- Japan shall control Sakhalin.
- Moldova shall become a province of Romania.
While this did leave a series of independent and free nations in most of Eastern Europe, the distractions of this war would ultimately lead to further troubles in Western Europe. Largely thanks to the antics of both Italy and Spain. That, and Japan was hoping to carve out some valuable territory in this war...
[1] Long story short, Russia ITTL progresses into a more modern nation sooner than OTL. Though there will still be significant progress to be achieved, as a theocracy in this TL's Russia is a main reason this post exists.
[2] Context: ITTL, America chose to annex Cuba instead of the Philippines. Spain is bitter about how their empire shrunk, and how small it is now compared to other ones. So it joins the Central Powers in WW1 in hope to seizing French and Portuguese territories in Africa, plus the latter nation itself. Instead, they end up with millions in war damage, and having lost the Philippines to Japan in 1915.
Well, that was quite the doozy for me. Nonetheless, I do hope you all like it. Since this was something at the back of my mind for a while now.