Federation of States of South America / Federación de Estados de América del Sur
Government:
The government of the Federation is in charge of an Executive Power headed by the President of the Federation and two Vice Presidents, and a unicameral Legislative Power in the hands of the Assembly of Deputies. A Federation Council, with delegates from all the Departments in which the federal territory is organized, is a mandatory instance in making certain decisions. The First Vice President chairs the Assembly and the Second Vice President chairs the Council.
The Judiciary is concentrated in a Supreme Constitutional Court of the Federation, together with Courts of Cassation and lower courts. Certain judicial powers correspond to the departments and provinces.
Territorial organization:
The Federation is divided into Departments and these into Provinces. The next level depends on the provincial constitutions.
The departments are in charge of a Governor, and the provinces of an Intendant. In both cases, they are chosen by the citizens who inhabit said department or province and have their own powers, within a federal system. The federal government guarantees the departmental and provincial institutions, as long as they guarantee the separation of executive, legislative and judicial powers; the democratic election of governors, mayors and legislators; and full provincial autonomy.
There is the concept of histórica Historical Region ’(La Gran Colombia, Los Andes and Río de la Plata), but it is more historiographic than political - administrative. However, an unwritten rule indicates that the President and the two Vice Presidents must belong to a different ‘historical region’.
Brief History:
In 1820, soon after Martín Rodríguez assumed the governorship of Buenos Aires, there was an uprising in that province, led by Manuel Pagola and with federal support; said uprising (in OTL) was repressed thanks to the support provided to Rodriguez by the rancher Juan Manuel de Rosas; perhaps, without that support, Rodriguez would have fallen and a pro-federal government would have formed in Buenos Aires.
In this alternate timeline, the federal governor of Santa Fe, Estanislao López convinces Juan Manuel de Rosas to support Pagola's coup against Rodriguez, as a result of which a government similar to the federals is installed in the province of Buenos Aires.
The arrival of General San Martín in 1823, in a friendly political context, is welcomed by the government and begins the process that culminates with the meeting of the Santa Fe Congress, which decides to reorganize the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata and the negotiations to implement the ideas of San Martín and Bolívar discussed in Guayaquil: end the fight against the royalists, expel the Luso - Brazilians from the Eastern Band of the Uruguay River, and constitute a Great South American Union.
In 1824 the Battle of Ayacucho takes place, which ends the Spanish presence in South America and the negotiations for a congress of all the states of the American continent begin.
The following year, a group of thirty-seven ‘Orientals’ (Uruguayans) stand up against Brazilian domination, with the support of the governments of the provinces of the Río de la Plata coastline. Despite the difficulties, all South American states will be involved, in one way or another, in the task of expelling the Empire from the territories of the Eastern Band of Uruguay.
In the middle of the First War of Brazil, the project of convening a great congress of the entire American hemisphere in Panama yields to a congress restricted to the former Spanish possessions of the southern subcontinent, which meets in Lima in 1826.
After arduous negotiations, and with the triumph of the Rioplatense forces over the Brazilian ones, the Federation of South American States is proclaimed in 1828, a ‘sovereign, republican, democratic and federal union’. Paraguay would join ‘de facto’ in 1841, following the death of Gaspar de Francia.
The presence of a strong Union of peoples of Spanish origin in South America altered the balance of power, with the consequent weakness of the Empire of Brazil. The rebellions that occurred during the Brazilian Regency had military and economic support from the Federation, which led to the Second Brazilian War. At present, and after the independence of its southern provinces (Republic of Rio Grande) and the northeast (Federative Republic of Ecuador) and the fall of the Braganza monarchy in 1889, the State of Brazil is only a remnant of its once greatness.
PS: Translated to English by Google, from the Spanish original
