Hail, Britannia

Manitoba; 2016 legislative election

LeinadB93

Monthly Donor
Welcome to the Métis Province! Thanks to @Turquoise Blue for the idea of a more Francophone part of the Prairies :)

Credit to DrRandomFactor of Wikipedia for the election base map.

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Manitoba is one of the 11 provinces and territories of the Dominion of Canada located in the central region of the country, stretching from Hudson's Bay in the north to the Missourian border in the south. Manitoba is bordered by the territory of Nunavut to the north, the province of Hudson to the east, the provinces of Saskatchewan and Athabasca to the west, and the Missourian province of Dakota to the south. Manitoba is Canada's fifth-most populous province, with an estimated 1.3 million people, and has the largest Francophone Canadian population outside at Quebec, estimated at nearly 25% at the 2011 census.

Aboriginal peoples have inhabited what is now Manitoba for thousands of years prior to the arrival of European fur traders in the late 17th century. In 1670 the lands draining into Hudson's Bay were granted, under an English royal charter, to the Hudson's Bay Company, who administered the vast territory known as Rupert's Land. During the next 200 years, communities continued to grow and evolve, with a significant settlement of Michif-speakers in what is now Winnipeg. When Rupert's Land was ceded to Canada in 1870, and merged into the Northwest Territories, the lack of attention to the local Métis concerns led to the establishment of a provisional government under Métis leader Louis Riel which petitioned for province-status. This assertion of Métis identity and self-rule culminated in negotiations for the creation of the province of Manitoba, which was created as a province on 15 July 1870. Riel and other Métis leaders were pardoned for their "acts of rebellion", and the Métis settlers claimed land grants promised by the federal government.

The Manitoba Schools Question in the 1880s and 90s showed the deep divergence of cultural values in the territory, with Protestant Anglo-Manitobans seeking to end the separate school system guaranteed to Catholic Franco-Manitobans. An attempt in 1890 by the Manitoba legislature to pass a bill to remove funding to French Catholic schools was narrowly defeated when the federal Conservatives made clear they would override any law to abolish French as an official language in Manitoba. French and English remain co-official languages to the modern-day, and Franco-Manitobans make up nearly 25% of the provincial population. Manitoba's economy is based largely on natural resources, particularly on the agriculture, oil, mining and forestry sectors. The province also has large manufacturing and tourism sectors, and Manitoba is the heartland of Canada's progressive movement.

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The 2016 Manitoba legislative election was held on 19 April 2016 to elect, under the instant runoff voting system, the 57 members of the Legislative Assembly.

The incumbent centre-right Conservative government, which had been in office since 2006, under Premier Hugh McFadyen, lost their majority in the legislative assembly, losing nearly half of their pre-election seats and their vote share declined by 7%. The centre-left Progressive opposition, under leader Dave Gaudreau, a Franco-Manitoban, surged ahead in the polls, winning an additional 12 seats and securing a majority government. The centrist Liberals, under Dougald Lamont, saw a slight reversal of their fortunes by gaining an additional seat, although their share of the popular vote decreased slightly. The Manitoba Party, a right libertarian socially conservative platform, significantly increased their share of the vote, winning a second seat in the assembly at the expense of the Conservatives, whilst the left-wing Independent Labour held their single seat.

After the election, Gaudreau was invited by the governor to form a government as the next premier of Manitoba.

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currently bingeing this thread and noticed an error...

Ungava, historically Ungava Territory, is a Canadian federal territory located in the west of the country, bordered by the Dominion of Newfoundland to the east, the province of Quebec to the south, and the province of Hudson to the west.

I think you meant "north of the country", not "west".
 
Alaska; Russian colonies in America

LeinadB93

Monthly Donor
Sorry for the delay :) but here is one of the most exciting, and IMHO interesting, differences to OTL; that is Russian-speaking Alaska.

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Alaska, officially the Principality of Alaska, historically and occasionally Alyaska, is one of the 11 provinces and territories of the Dominion of Canada located in the west of the country, stretching from the Arctic Sea in the north to the Oregonian border in the south. Alaska covers the entire Canadian west coast, bounded by the Bering Strait and the Gulf of Alaska, with a maritime border with the Soviet Union in Asia across the Bering Strait. Alaska is bordered by the Northwest Territories and the province of Athabasca to the east, and the Dominion of Oregon to the south. Alaska is Canada's largest administrative subdivision, making up nearly 25% of the country's land area.

Numerous aboriginal groups have occupied Alaska for thousands of years prior to the arrival of Europeans, having first arrived in North America from Asia across the Bering land bridge. Claims that Russian explorers first reached and settled the Alaskan coast in the mid-17th century are widely regarded as apocryphal, with the European discovery of Alaska generally held to have taken place in the early 1740s during a Russian expedition led by Vitus Bering. Colonisation of the region began in 1743, with the establishment of seasonal fur trading settlements along the Aleutian Islands, and some attempts at settlement on the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak Island. The first permanent Russian settlement was established in 1759 at Unalaska, modern Iluulux [1], in the Aleutian Islands, and whilst many settlers were able to coexist peacefully with the native Aleut people, some groups attacked and destroyed native settlements. Despite a proclamation by Empress Yekaterina II of Russia to treat the Aleuts fairly, the conflicts between powerful trading corporations became more devastating. Over the course of the late 18th century, the native population of Alaska was decimated by Old World diseases to which they had no immunity, which coupled with the loss of their traditional means of survival resulted in the loss of nearly 80% of the pre-contact population.

In 1784, the Russian American Company was established, which formalised company rule in the Russian American colonies, and the first colonial governor, Grigory Shelekhov, arrived on Kodiak Island and founded the city of Pavlovskaya [2]. The Awa'uq Massacre that same year saw Russian forces slaughter an estimated 2000 men, women and children in order to subjugate the native Alutiiq people and establish complete control over the island and surrounding regions. The arrival of Aleksandr Baranov in 1790, who served as chief manager and colonial governor of Russian America until 1818, began the expansion of the Russian colonies southwards, with the establishment of Novo Arkhangelsk [3]. The city, which became the political centre and capital of Russian America, and later Alaska, was established in 1795 on Sitka Island [4] before being destroyed by a Tlingit raid and rebuilt in 1802. The establishment of a fort at the mouth of the Stickeen River in 1799, now the city of Chichagof [5], extended Russian claims as far south as the 42nd parallel, which was disputed by British claims to the Oregon Country.

Efforts by the Russian government to colonise the region saw an influx of settlers, and by the mid-19th century there were several thousand Russians residing in the colony. The 1818 Anglo-Russian Convention allowed British merchants to trade in Alaska, and Russian merchants to trade in Oregon, whilst also settling the boundary dispute by ceding modern Alaska to Russian control. The convention also established the modern Oregon region of Lower Alaska as an area of join occupation between the two powers, a situation which was to be resolved at a later date and did little to reduce colonial tensions in the region. The outbreak of the Crimean War spread to North America, with a British force attacking and occupying Novo Arkhangelsk in April 1854 following a short engagement with Russian forces, and following the conclusion of the war, known in North America as the "War for Alaska", the Treaty of Paris ceded the Russian colonies to the British Empire. The territories claimed by Russia were reorganised as the Province of Upper Alaska, and the colonies of Lower Alaska, Vancouver Island, and Oregon, which would be merged into the Dominion of Oregon in 1871.

Ongoing unrest amongst the Russian-speaking inhabitants of Upper Alaska, whose religious and linguistic distinctiveness had been protected under the terms of the Treaty of Paris, led to the establishment of a palatinate in 1857 with the election of a "Prince of Alaska" from amongst the local governing elite. Originally an elective position held by Pyotr Chistyakov [6], the title was re-granted as an hereditary title in 1872 under the 2nd Prince, Semyon Yanovsky [7], when Alaska joined the Canadian Confederation, and his heirs have held the title to present day. After the Russian Revolution, Alaska erupted into its own communist uprising in 1917, which was ruthlessly suppressed by the British Army and resulted in the province being placed under martial law until 1919. In the aftermath of the rise of the Soviet Union, Alaska became one of the main refuges for Russian White émigrés, with the populations of cities like Novo Arkhangelsk, Chena [8] and Vasiliya [9] doubling by 1930. During the Second World War, two of the outer Aleutian Islands were invaded and occupied by Chinese troops, the only parts of integral British territory to be invaded by Axis forces during the war. Due to its proximity to the Soviet Union, Alaska was heavily militarised during the Cold War, with the build up of army, navy and air force bases across the coast and interior, including the alleged stationing of nuclear warheads in the province.

In the 21st century, Alaska is the fourth-most populous Canadian province, with a predominantly Russian-speaking population. Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the coast of the Gulf of Alaska while approximately a quarter of the population resides in the Greater Vasiliya Area, including the Kenai Peninsula. English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the east of the province, specifically the Stikine, Tongass and Yukon governorates, with the latter being home to an Anglophone majority. The north and northwest regions of the province, specifically the Arctic coast and the Victoria Peninsula [10], is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by the Iñupiat people, whilst the Aleutian Islands are still home to a large Aleut population, and in 1991 the Alaskan government established three "autonomous governorates" in Yukon, Iñupiat Nunaat, and the Aleutian Islands for the province's ethnic and linguistic minorities. Alaska's economy is dominated by the fishing, natural gas, and oil industries, resources which it has in abundance, whilst British armed forces bases and tourism are also a significant part of the economy.

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[1] - Many Russian placenames in the Aleutian Islands were renamed to their Aleut language translations in the 1990s after the establishment of the Aleut Autonomous Governorate.
[2] - The OTL City of Kodiak, which is established earlier as ITTL Shelikhov chooses a better site for his settlement. OTL Three Saints Bay, known ITTL as Lyakhik Bay, is home to a smaller settlement which survives to the present day.
[3] - OTL Sitka. Also spelt Novoarkhangelsk, and anglicised as New Archangel.
[4] - OTL Baranof Island.
[5] - OTL Wrangell.
[6] - He remains in Alaska after his tenure as Governor of Russian America. Elected as the first Prince from amongst the local elite as an uncontroversial candidate. He was also granted the separate title as "Count Christyakov" which remains extant as a title in the Canadian Division of the Peerage of America.
[7] - He remains in Alaska after his tenure as Governor of Russian America, married to the half-Aleut daughter of Aleksandr Baranov. His son and heirs succeed him under the surname Yanovsky-Baranov, commonly known simply as the Baranov family, and later Yanovsky-Baranov-Romanov after the marriage of his great-great-grandson to Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia.
[8] - OTL Fairbanks.
[9] - OTL Anchorage.
[10] - OTL Seward Peninsula.
 
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2017 legislative election

LeinadB93

Monthly Donor
And the most recent provincial election:

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The 2017 Alaska legislative election was held on 14 August 2017 to elect, under the mixed member majoritarian system, the 135 members of the National Duma. 90 seats are elected under the first past the post system in single member ridings, with an additional 45 seats elected under province-wide proportional representation.

The incumbent centre-right Alaskan People's Union (Alyaskin Narodny Soyuz; ANS), a broad tent conservative Alaskan sovereigntist movement which had held a majority government since 2009, under new State Minister Mikhail Kuznetsov, lost their majority in the legislature, losing 8 seats and being reduced to a minority government. The loss was due in part to controversial plans by the ANS not to restrict exploitation of the province's natural resources, resulting in many in the ecological wing of the party defecting to the LDP. The centre-left Liberal Democratic (Liberal Demokratiche Partiya; LDP) opposition, under new leader Klazina Wasylycia, a Polish-Alaskan, were the main beneficiaries of the ecologist vote, securing an additional 10 seats and increasing their share of the vote by nearly 5%. The centrist liberal conservative Yedinaya Alyaska ("United Alaska"; YA), which advocates Alaskan nationalism and secessionism, under longtime leader Andrey Solovynov, managed to win an additional seat overall, although their share of the popular vote decreased. The New Progressive Movement (Novoye Progressivnoye Dvizheniye; NPD), a centre-left progressive party that split from the LDP in the 1990s, lost three seats largely due to the LDP surge, whilst the libertarian Civic Action Party (Partiya Grazhdanskogo Obshchestva; PGO), which also holds republican and anti-palatine policies, held their two seats.
 
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State Ministers of Alaska

LeinadB93

Monthly Donor
And the heads of government of Alaska:

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State Ministers of Alaska (1872–)
11. 1872–1896 Sir Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky† (Conservative majority)
12. 1896–1905 Sir Aleksandr Stishinsky (Conservative majority)
13. 1905–1910 Pavel Milyukov (Liberal majority)
14. 1910–1913 Vasily Maklakov (Liberal majority)
15. 1913–1917 Sir Vassily Balabanov (Conservative majority) (1st)
15. 1917–1919 Alaskan Uprising – Home Rule Revoked
15. 1919–1923 Sir Vassily Balabanov (Conservative majority) (2nd)
16. 1923–1924 Pyotr Verigin† (Alliance 19 majority) [1]
17. 1924–1927 Viktor Chernov (Alliance 19 majority)
18. 1927–1935 Taras Ferley (Liberal minority)
19. 1935–1943 Mikhail Luchkovich (Liberal majority) [2]
10. 1943–1949 Dmytro Yakimischak (Liberal majority)
11. 1949–1955 Ivan Hnatyshyn (Alaskan People's Union majority) [3] (1st)
12. 1955–1959 Vilyam Havryliak (Liberal majority) [4]
11. 1959–1963 Ivan Hnatyshyn (Alaskan People's Union majority) [3] (2nd)
13. 1963–1968 Vasily Kardash (Liberal majority) [5]
14. 1968–1975 Mikhail Starchevsky (Alaskan People's Union majority) [6]
15. 1975–1981 Sir Pavel Yuzyk (Alaskan People's Union majority) [7]
16. 1981–1986 Siegfried Enns (Alaskan People's Union majority)
17. 1986–1987 Grigori Pajitnov (Yedinaya Alyaska minority) [8]
18. 1987–1998 Ivan Romanow (LiberalCommonwealth majority coalition, then Liberal Democratic majority) [9] (1st)
19. 1998–2003 Frenk Murkowski (Alaskan People's Union majority) [10]
18. 2003–2005 Sir Ivan Romanow (Liberal Democratic majority) [9] (2nd)
20. 2005–2009 Tomas Nevakshonoff (Liberal Democratic majority) [11]
21. 2009–2015 Loren Leman (Alaskan People's Union majority)
22. 2015–2019 Mikhail Kuznetsov (Alaskan People's Union majority, then Alaskan People's Union minority) [8]

[1] - OTL Peter Verigin
[2] - OTL Michael Luchkovich
[3] - OTL John Hnatyshyn
[4] - OTL William Hawrelak
[5] - OTL Bill Kardash
[6] - OTL Michael Starr
[7] - OTL Paul Yuzyk
[8] - Fictional Individuals
[9] - OTL Roy Romanow
[10] - OTL Frank Mukowski
[11] - OTL Tom Nevakshonoff​
 
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2019 accession referendums

LeinadB93

Monthly Donor
So, it is my intention to have completed Canada in all its glory by 1 July ;) which means July is going to see a bit of a catch up for the Empire as a whole. Plus I’ve got some more in-depth stuff for Alaska, Texas, the Philippines, and Capeland amongst others.

With that in mind, and given the precedent of Sierra Leone’s accession in 2002, I’d like you to vote in a poll.

Accra voted to join the United Empire in January 2018, and negotiations have progressed fairly rapidly, with the Imperial Parliament passing the Accession Act in January 2019. This Act would admit Accra as a Dominion on 22 July this year after a referendum across the Empire on 20 June. Under the provisions of the act, the referendum is also on whether the territories of Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands, both of which have passed resolutions and votes in favour of union and accession, should be admitted as a single dominion.​

The vote is on two questions:

Question 1: Do you support the admission of the State of Accra to the Union, under the terms of the Great Charter and the 2019 Accession Act?

Question 2: Do you support the admission of Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands to the Union, under the terms of the Great Charter and the 2019 Accession Act?

I'll be tallying up the votes and percentages on Thursday 20 June (i.e. a week on Thursday) and posting the referendum results on the Friday.

So thanks to everyone who voted in the poll. The results won't be a surprise to anyone :) although I have to admit to finding it odd that people were so against the accession of Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands...

As I said, these two new dominions will join the Empire on 22 July, which means that after that I will be posting new infoboes and elections for both of them plus redoing the already existing home nation wikiboxes. Also expect to see the most recent imperial election and the glorious U.K.E. wikibox soon :p

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The 2019 accession referendums took place on 20 June 2019 in the Home Nations of the United Empire to ask the electorate to endorse the accession of Accra and Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands to the Union, under the provisions of the Accession Act 2019. The vote was split into two referendums; with the first concerning the accession of the West African nation of Accra, whilst the second concerned the South Atlantic territories of Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands. Under the provisions of the Elections and Referendums Act 1999, reiterated in the Accession Act 2019, the votes were binding on the government and the required threshold was set at a 50% majority of the electorate in 16 of the 30 Home Nations.

Accession to the Union had long been a topic of debate in the State of Accra, stretching back to the colonial period when the country was a part of the British colonial empire. The territory had been heavily settled by Europeans when it had been a British crown colony, known as the Gold Coast, and many Accrans regarded themselves as part of the British cultural diaspora. Since independence in 1957, Accra had remained closely associated with the United Empire, as part of the Commonwealth Economic Community, the Common Defence Pact (a military alliance amongst several Commonwealth members), and the Common Travel Area (an open border zone between the U.K.E., California, Texas, Cuba and the Nordic Federation). In the 21st century, the ongoing War in West Africa had caused a severe recession in the Accran economy, with the instability in the region leading to a decline in international trade and investment due to the uncertainity and volatility of West Africa. The Accran Government, under Prime Minister Catherine Afeku, had held a referendum in the country on 18 January 2018 on the country's constitutional future, which had resulted in a majority in favour of admission to the United Empire.

Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands were both British overseas territories which had been under British control near continuously since the mid-19th century. Both territories had been colonised by settlers from the British Isles, predominantly originating in Ireland and Wales, creating a unique identity on both islands distinct from neighbouring Patagonia. Tierra del Fuego, which has a substantial Maori minority, had chosen not to join the newly created Dominion of Patagonia in 1895, remaining a separate crown colony and later overseas territory, as had the Falkland Islands. The victory of the New Unionists at the 2016 election in Tierra del Fuego, which were pro-dominion status, had led to a surge in interest amongst Fuegians for accession to the Union. Association between the two territories had historically been strong due to their proximity in the South Atlantic, and discussions throughout 2018, after the Accran referendum, led to the drafting of a plan for union and accession to the United Empire. Following successful referendums in both territories in March 2019, the two governments petitioned the Imperial Parliament for admission to the Union.

Although the referendum campaign was a relatively low-key affair at the imperial level, with few individuals or groups coming out in opposition to the admission of both new dominions, a few issues were raised in opposition in dominions such as Carolina, Puerto Rico and Australia. Key issues were the creation of two new porous borders through which migrants could potentially enter the U.K.E., the need to invest in both new economies to facilitate growth and development on par with the rest of the empire, and the presence of significant natural resources, specifically oil, in Tierra del Fuego. Also of concern were the restrictions on access to the economic markets of Accra and Tierra del Fuego for five years to allow for "market and currency alignment".

The Accran referendum resulted in 82.34% of votes being in favour of the admission of the State of Acca to the Union, whilst the second referendum resulted in 55.48% of votes being in favour of the admission of a united dominion of Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands to the Union. The British Government promised to implement the results of the referendum, by acting upon the provisions set out in the 2019 Accession Act, and both new dominions were due to be admitted to the Union on 22 July 2019.

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I'm astounded so many people voted wrong. They must have ticked the wrong box without realising it, or otherwise wanted accession under different terms. I can't think of any other reason...
 

LeinadB93

Monthly Donor
I'm astounded so many people voted wrong. They must have ticked the wrong box without realising it, or otherwise wanted accession under different terms. I can't think of any other reason...

It's comforting to know that the British public are as confusing in this timeline as they are in our own... :p
 
Ugh, is Carolina really still blocking more Dominions joining for racial reasons? Either that or they're super-Nativist/anti-expansion. Or both. And here I was hoping for once they wouldn't be Those People (@LeinadB93 ?)
 
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