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Logo of the Independent Serbian State Army, a hypernationalist terrorist group, operating mainly along the Serbian-Austrian border.
Although its members claim to be the direct continuation of the original Black Hand, the origins of the group are generally traced back to the early 1950s with their first attack on Goražde.
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Milan Nedić, considered by many one of the founding fathers of the ISSA.
A veteran of the first Weltkrieg and the Fourth Balkan War, Serbia's defeat in both conflicts led him to believe that it was impossible for Serbia to win militarily against the Austrian empire.
On the contrary, he began to argue that the only way to achieve victory was to start a campaign of terror against the symbols of Austrian power to push the civilian population in Illyria to rebel against Vienna.
Although his direct participation in the subsequent attacks in Illyria is open to debate, Nedić never failed to show support for the ISSA, claiming that the real culprits were Austria and its "oppression" of Orthodox Serbs.
Ironically he himself was killed in an act of violence by a group of Hungarian nationalists in 1954.
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A photo of the main street of Goražde after the attack of 12 August 1951. Although the objective of the ISSA was the Catholic mayor of the city, the early explosion of the car bomb killed only two innocent bystanders.
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The consequences of an ISSA attack on a Catholic church in Sarajevo in 1965. In the twenty years following the first attack on Garažne, the ISSA would continue to hit civil and political targets not only in Illyria but in some cases also in Bulgaria and Albania in an attempt to foment the revolution, but obtaining very few resounds.
This twenty years is known in Austria as "The Years of Lead" ("Jahre Blei") and was also characterized by interreligious violence between the Orthodox and Catholic communities.
Interesting posts. Here's my take on this based on my own KR headcannon.
Milan Nedić, considered by many one of the founding fathers of the ISSA. Nedić was a veteran of the First Weltkrieg and a General in the Serbian Army during both the Fourth Balkan War against Bulgaria in 1937 and 1938 and the Fifth Balkan War against Danubia in 1939. In the Fourth War, Serbia was victorious, but in the Fifth War, Serbia failed to unite the Serbs of the Balkan Peninsula and establish a Greater Serbian kingdom, as the war ended in a stalemate.* The failure of Serbia to conquer Vojvodina and Bosnia, create a Greater Serbia and to turn the fellow South Slavic nations of Croatia and Slovenia into Serbian puppet-states led Nedić to believe that it was impossible for Serbia to win militarily against Danubia. On the contrary, he began to argue that the only way to achieve victory was to start a campaign of terror against the symbols of Austrian and Hungarian power in Danubia to push the ethnic-Serb civilian population in the Danubian kingdoms of Bosnia, Croatia and to a lesser-extent Slovenia to rebel against Vienna. Although his direct participation in the subsequent terrorist attacks in Bosnia and Croatia is open to debate, Nedić never failed to show support for the ISSA, claiming that the real culprits were Danubia and its "oppression" of Orthodox Serbs. Ironically, on October 26, 1954, Nedić himself was killed in a terrorist attack and car-bombing in Belgrade by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Federation, which sought for the independence of Macedonia from Serbia**.
*=During WKII, during the Russian and Romanian invasion of Danubia, Romania would occupy Transylvania and commit numerous atrocities during the Transylvanian Genocide. By the end of the war, Danubia reconquered Transylvania and a pro-monarchist coup occurred in Bucharest. After the coup, a fleeing Codreanu would be caught by Simon Wiesenthal, a survivor of the aforementioned genocide, after which Codreanu was tried and executed by hanging in Bucharest by the armies of the Kingdom of Romania and Danubian Federation in 1947.
**=The activities of the IMRO would lead to the Sixth Balkan War between Serbia and Bulgaria, which lasted from 1987 to 1989 and saw the Bulgarian annexation of Macedonia as an autonomous region of Bulgaria. In 1992, after years of terrorism by Montenegrin separatists, Montenegro would become an autonomous region of Serbia.
The consequences of an ISSA attack on a Catholic Church in Sarajevo in 1965. In the twenty years following the first attack on Garažne, the ISSA would continue to attack civil and political targets not only in Bosnia, but in some cases also amongst ethnic Serbs in Croatia and Hungarian Vajdaság or Vojvodina and even in Slovenia, where the ISSA would attempt to collaborate with fringe Slovenian terrorist groups, none of which had any real reach. All of this was in an attempt to forment a Pan-Serbian revolution, but these terrorist attacks obtained very few results. This twenty years is known in Danubia, Bosnia and Hungary as "The Years of Lead" ("Godine vode" in Serbo-Croatian/Bosnian, "Évek vezetnek" in Hungarian or "Jahre Blei" in German ) and was characterized by inter-religious violence between the Orthodox and Catholic communities of Bosnia, as well between the Orthodox and Muslin communities of Bosnia. In 1971, after years of pressure from the Danubian government, the government of the Kingdom of Serbia under King Petar II and Prime Minister Petar Stambolić began to crack down on the activities of the ISSA, and over the ext dew years raided numerous terror cells throughout Serbia. By 1980, the ISSA had ceased all activities and was completely disbanded, with its leaders and members either executed or imprisoned by the Serbian and Danubian governments.
Petar Stambolić, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbia throughout much of the 1970s and 1980s. His time in office was marked by a straightening of relations between Serbia and the other members of the Belgrade Pact, Greece and Romania and a detente with the Kingdom of Bulgaria, which sadly ended after the beginning of the Sixth Balkan War, as well as promoting democracy and parliamentarianism within Serbia and cracking down on all manner of terrorist groups such as the ISSA, VRMO and the CGMA (
Crnogorska narodna armija or Montegrin Peoples Army, the later of which was a Montenegrin separatist terrorist group. Stambolić, as a Social Democrat, also passed reforms such as equal pay for women, the funding of public works and an increase in funding of the welfare state, all of which made Serbia one of the more forward thinking nations in the Balkans. His funeral in 2007, after his death at the age of 95, was one of the most attended and watched in all of modern Serbian history.