Here's a small map I've been working on called
Gaddafi's African Empire.
The POD is Anwar Sadat getting assassinated right after the Yom Kippur War yet shortly after kicking the Soviet presence out. Egypt is left headless and without a military, while brutal infighting further discredits the Nasserist remnant and the Communists/Wafd Democrats/Islamists all sharpen the knives. The economy is paralyzed for several months, almost a year and the Islamists under the Muslim Brotherhood are left the dominant faction. A general strike emerges. Enter Gaddafi, who mobilizes and leverages his position in the Arab Federation plans alongside Soviet backing and capital flight from Egypt. Some analogy to the Border War breaks out a bit earlier, but this time there's low level insurgency in Egypt and a purged military establishment. At the same time, Gaafar Nimiery of Sudan takes advantage of this to further lean to Libya and intervene in Upper Egypt.
With greater external backings, there's an open Islamist leaning coup in Egypt as Gaddafi's armies are closing in on Alexandria. The new government is established as a pro Gaddafi client state whose external debts are (briefly) handled through the oil shock driving up prices in exchange for Libyan influence. Sudan, as a long side supporter of federation joins in as well. Sudan wins in on this by receiving more Libyan oil money and free trade with Egypt, in addition to being added into the Arab Federation, this in turn secures Nimiery the support of the Sudanese middle classes, while his privatization policies allow a backdoor channel into the Egyptian market by the West through Sudanese based banks. Of course, the honeymoon period soon ends and Nimeiry is arrested, shot, and replaced with Gaddafi loyalist Sadiq Al-Mahdi.
The Soviets in turn are rewarded with their bases restored in Alexandria, where they happily put missiles and a shiny new naval base. And of course, preferential trade agreements. They in turn, have a far easier time intervening abroad in Angola, Libya, and the Congo.
By 1975 Gaddafi is in control of everything from Libya to North Sudan, quickly working to bind the states together using a horrific mess of clientelism, satraps, oil money, Islamism, Soviet Support, and Pan Arabism. Paradoxically, little is felt for now. The Arab Federation works as an umbrella organization where Gaddafi calls the shots overall. As a result, the Libyan Cultural Revolution is largely butterflied away, as is the Jamahiriya. Instead the Brotherly leader works to consolidate his control abroad, supporting revolutionary causes across Africa against western tyranny. Up to an including such favorites such as the Derg and Bokassa's the Central African Empire.
Worldwide, the main causes of this are a strengthening of Soviet power. With bases and support in Egypt and Sudan it becomes easier, cheaper, and more effective to intervene abroad. At the same time, external pressures lead to the earlier and deeper formations of Gulf Coordination Council, a greater push to shift away from oil in favor of renewables and nuclear, and the implosion of the Congo as the stronger Soviet leaning countries in Central Africa finally decide they've had enough of Mobutu harboring rebels.
And the footnotes:
1- Though Tunisia is not a full member of the Arab Federation, the proximity and influence of Libya has meant it has fallen partially in its sphere of influence, acting as a liaison between the west and the Arab Federation.
2- The Muslim Brotherhood soon found out you shouldn't trust the Brotherly Leader and were soon purged and dismantled by Stasi trained Mukhabarat agents. Little mourn them.
3- The pros: everything is cheaper, foreign investment is back, the Egyptian market is reliable, cotton prices are high, Libya is a great source of work. The Cons: The Civil War is back and the Egyptian army is getting tired of fighting Sudan's battles. Oh and also the human rights abuses are horrific.
4- Unfortunately, no amount of Toyotas could save Chad for the upswing in Arab and Islamic nationalism, better trained armies, and the incompetence of military government in N'Djamena.
5- With Gaddafi actually able to provide financial aid to Bokassa here, he stays Muslim. Plundering the Congo has greatly enriched Bangui.
6- Unfortunately, the true king of Scotland was not able to achieve aid to last against the Tanzanians slightly longer. His replacement however, has managed to obtain something better- working trade with the federation.
7- Angola is really feeling that extra Soviet/Cuban/East German (and now Ethiopian!) aid.
8- Zambia's decided neutrality was boring and started playing kingmaker in Katanga and Angola.
9- Pretoria is bleeding men and money trying to prop up Namibia.
10- Atnafu Abante's Ethiopia is a lot less like like Mao and more like Tito.
11- The People's Republic of Yemen is the real winner of this timeline. Now that Aden bases actually get used.
12- King Faisal is desperately trying to walk the tightrope of modernity, reaction, and security.
13- With no one to invade, Iraq continues its golden era.
14- The Americans aren't taking any chances after losing Egypt. The Dirty War in Iran is one that makes Pinochet look like Mandela.
15- Without Egypt to rely on, Daud Khan is forced to make his country be a soviet vassal in all but name. This has avoided revolution, for now.
16- The IRA appreciates the solidarity of the Arabs.