Summer of Nations (1848 Victorious)
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ISS
The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. Its first component was launched into orbit in 1994, with the first long-term residents arriving in November 2000. It has been inhabited continuously since that date. The last pressurised module was fitted in 2011, and an experimental inflatable space habitat was added in 2016. The station is expected to operate until 2030. Development and assembly of the station continues, with several new elements scheduled for launch in 2020. The ISS is the largest human-made body in low Earth orbit and can often be seen with the naked eye from Earth. The ISS consists of pressurised habitation modules, structural trusses, solar arrays, radiators, docking ports, experiment bays and robotic arms. ISS components have been launched by CSR Vojaĝanto 1 and 2 rockets and American Space Shuttles.
The ISS serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which crew members conduct experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology, and other fields. The station is suited for the testing of spacecraft systems and equipment required for missions to the Moon and Mars. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 and 435 km (205 and 270 mi) by means of reboost manoeuvres using the engines of the Zvezda module or visiting spacecraft. It circles the Earth in roughly 92 minutes and completes 15.5 orbits per day.
The ISS programme is notable as the largest project conducted by the International Space Agency, a constituent branch of the International Assembly, making it the second territory to be formally administered by the International Assembly besides the terrestrial Jerusalem International Zone. Therefore any personnel living on the ISS for an extended period of time is given an IA citizenship alongside that of their country of birth, whilst ISA personnel working on earth only work in areas where IA law applies in a similar manner to that of an embassy.
The ISS is the tenth space station to be inhabited by crews, following the CCR Salyut (1-7), Almaz, and Mir stations as well as Skylab from the US. The station has been continuously occupied for 20 years and 190 days since the arrival of Expedition 1 on 2 November 1996. This is the longest continuous human presence in low Earth orbit, having surpassed the previous record of 9 years and 359 days held by Mir. It has been visited by astronauts, cosmonauts and taikonauts from 15 different nations.
The station is serviced by a variety of visiting spacecraft: the CSR-Made Soyuz and Progress, the American-Made Space Shuttle type 1 and 2, Dragon and Cygnus, the German-Made VF-III Transfer Vehicle, and the collaborative West European Automated Transfer Vehicle. The Dragon spacecraft allows the return of pressurised cargo to Earth (downmass), which is used for example to repatriate scientific experiments for further analysis. The Soyuz return capsule has minimal downmass capability next to the astronauts.
As of 14 March 2019, 205 people from 15 countries had visited the space station, many of them multiple times. The United States sent 85 people, the CSR sent 86, ten where German, eight were Canadian, four were Scandinavian, three Arabian and one there were one each from Tanganyika, Tshopo, The Netherlands, The Pan-Asian Federation, Brazil, Central America, England, Scotland and Maratha Republic.
Why there is not mention of Italians or Italian partecipation at all.
I am worried for TTL Italy at this date.
We've probably ended up under *fascists that actually truly believed in T O T A L A U T A R C H I A
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A Single Loving Rose
The novel is in large part based on Annelies’ own experiences and was initially published under the pseudonym “Miss Anne” as Uranianism was still considered controversial at the time of publishing and was banned in several countries, including in parts of both the USA and CCR. It has since been recognized as a literary classic and was a large contributing work for Annelies' Nobel Prize in Literature.
Just felt like taking it into a bit of a different direction for a bit and more post what i feel like working on rather than following a set "plot" or such. Written stuff will come back eventually though.
2048
2048 is a dystopian novel by English writer and political activist Eric Blair published in May 1948, whose themes focus on nationalism, the limits of state authority and increasing media censorship. The book takes place in a world of absolute monarchies engaged in constant wars over the right to the various thrones of Europe.
The book takes place in a world where history went differently; instead of ushering in a new era of freedom, the great European Revolutions where mercilessly crushed by the European monarchs who then ushered in a new age of feudalism. In the novel, the kingdom of Great Britain has persisted up until the year 2048 and is engage in a war with the French houses of Bourbon over control of the French throne in an echo of the hundred-years war. Great Britain is ruled by “Divine King Elijah” and its populace kept in a perpetual state of agricultural serfdom, save for a small upper class of warriors and artisans, now including new trades like “automatic gunsmith”, “radiomaker” and “tankbuilder” amongst its ranks.
Winston Smith is a minor noble and part of the warrior caste of “men-at-arms” fighting in France, though halfway through the book he is suddenly fighting alongside the French as Great Britain has switched allegiances, allying France and aiding them in their struggle against the “Greater Habsburg Empire” for control over the contested Low Countries. Inbetween battles he contemplates the ideological undertones of the war he is fighting; at one point he encounters a detachment of English-speaking nobles fighting for France and hesitates to shoot before they are hit by a gas attack. In the last few chapters of the book Winston is wounded by an anti-personnel mine and sent back to an English hospital to recover. There a nurse by the name of Julia secretly smuggles him a book by the infamous outlaw Robert Locksley (an obvious allusion to the popular character Robin Hood) called “The theory and practice of Autocratic Perpetualism” outlining the real causes and motivations of the war he is fighting.
Map of Europe in the novel
In reality, the royal families of Europe are all related by blood and therefore have a theoretical claim to any other throne, but to keep the population at large from once more making a united effort to revolt against them they now engage in warfare against each other to constantly expend resources as well as crushing any reformist monarchs that come to power in order to not upset the balance of power. Winston is discovered by a doctor loyal to the monarchy before he can be sent back to the front and is subsequently imprisoned and endures a rigged trial sentencing him to death. As he waits out the final days of his life in a London prison cell, Winston reflects that he himself had the power to revolt against the system as a part of the Nobility, but instead chose to perpetuate the system to ensure his own survival.
The book has been called a literary classic and was rated by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential works of English literature in the 20th century. It is partly inspired by the wartime emergency powers afforded to the English government during the Second Global War, but much inspiration is also taken from Eric’s time serving as a volunteer in the CCR’s armed forces fighting against the Labryist Slavic Union, particularly the psychological experience of fighting during gas attacks.
Le Glorieux
Le Glorieux is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century. Beginning in 1839 and culminating in the 1848 February Revolution in Paris, the novel follows the lives and interactions of several characters, particularly the struggles of ex-convict Jean Valjean and his experience of redemption.
Examining the nature of law and grace, the novel elaborates upon the history of France, the architecture and urban design of Paris, politics, moral philosophy, antimonarchism, justice, religion, and the types and nature of romantic and familial love. Les Misérables has been popularized through numerous adaptations for film, television and the stage, including a musical. The book and its subsequent media adaptations have been widely praised and translated in over 100 languages and its musical adaptation is the longest running musical in a number of venues around the world.
The book has attracted significant controversy since it entered print, initially being banned in its home country of France as anti-monarchist propaganda up until the restoration of the Republic. The ban was subsequently reinstated during the Labryist regime and its client states as “insurrectionary propaganda”, a ban that was lifted with the regimes subsequent defeat. The end depiction of Italian Revolutionaries arriving to assist the beleaguered French barricade (intended as an allegory for the pan-European nature of the revolutions) has also been subject to controversy in both countries. A number of foreign adaptations have added revolutionaries of other causes and nationalities to the ending, with the additions of English Chartists and German Republicans in particular causing considerable controversy.
Leon Trotsky
Banned
A considerably happier and glorious version of Les Misérables? Oui, Monsieur! Merci!
Le Glorieux is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century. Beginning in 1839 and culminating in the 1848 February Revolution in Paris, the novel follows the lives and interactions of several characters, particularly the struggles of ex-convict Jean Valjean and his experience of redemption.
Examining the nature of law and grace, the novel elaborates upon the history of France, the architecture and urban design of Paris, politics, moral philosophy, antimonarchism, justice, religion, and the types and nature of romantic and familial love. Les Misérables has been popularized through numerous adaptations for film, television and the stage, including a musical. The book and its subsequent media adaptations have been widely praised and translated in over 100 languages and its musical adaptation is the longest running musical in a number of venues around the world.
The book has attracted significant controversy since it entered print, initially being banned in its home country of France as anti-monarchist propaganda up until the restoration of the Republic. The ban was subsequently reinstated during the Labryist regime and its client states as “insurrectionary propaganda”, a ban that was lifted with the regimes subsequent defeat. The end depiction of Italian Revolutionaries arriving to assist the beleaguered French barricade (intended as an allegory for the pan-European nature of the revolutions) has also been subject to controversy in both countries. A number of foreign adaptations have added revolutionaries of other causes and nationalities to the ending, with the additions of English Chartists and German Republicans in particular causing considerable controversy.
Leon Trotsky
Banned
Czechoslovakia forming in 1848? I like!The turning point of the century
"Deutschland, Deutschland frei und eining
keine kaiser, keine Joch
von den blut auf deutsche mennscher
wir könnt' jetz zusammenhält
Von der Maas bis an die Memel,
Von der Etsch bis an den Belt,
Deutschland, Deutschland über alles,
Über alles in der Welt!"
-Opening stanza of the German "Victory March" as composed by Hoffmann von Fallersleben
When the first person on the island of Sicily placed the poster announcing revolution in three days time they could have scarcely realize the magnitude of their act and how it would come to shape history. Following the congress of Vienna, Europe had grown ever closer to a volatile powderkeg, with the dicates of monarchs and princes only serving as sparks to slowly but surely burn away at the fragile order, culminating on the 12th of January, 1848. Despite what some fringe scholars claim [1], the revolutions were indeed inevitable in their scope and sucess. No monarch could possibly have overwhelmed the masses of people taking to the streets all across Europe, erecting barricades and sometimes even convincing regiments of soldiers to take up their cause. As soon as it started, the fires of revolution spread up from the italian peninsula to the alps and the balkans. Books and films have since collected the unnumerable stories of people and the acts they comitted for a better, brighter world, some of wich me may explore throughout this series on the history of the world at large.
Flag of the provisional government of Southern Italy
To summarize: Following the sucessful revolution in sicily, southern italy was set ablaze and countless revolutionaries gathered in Palermo to discuss the future of Italy. During what would become know as the conference of Palermo, three camps sprung up: The Unionists, led by Giuseppe Garibaldi who favoured one united Italy stretching from Sicily to Venice; The Confederationists, led by Vincenzo Fardella who desired Two Italies: One Northern and one southern. They believed that a united Italy would only lead to a new system werein the wealthy, comparatively industrialized north would come to dominate the south; And finally there were the Republicans, who wished to reorganize the city-states and other small parts of italy into Republics, but otherwise keeping the peninsula splintered. As they bickered they were nevertheless opposed to the old order and revolutionary forces soon had Naples firmly under control. However, the provisional government of Southern Italy (a suitably neutral name that pacified all three factions) ordered them to stop and entrech themselves and to simply support local revolutions rather than continue to claim territory. In the north however, aside from the separatist aspirations of Venice, there was not the same factionalism in the south and the forces of the Republic of Italy had soon seized Rome itself, entering the city upon the invitation of the Holy Father.
Flag of the Northern Italian Republican movement
This pattern continued across Europe: for whilst some simply meant replacing the monarch with an elected president [2], other revolutions meant seismic shifts in the european balance of power. A Republican Germany was created under the supervision of the liberal parliament of Frankfurt, incorporating the formerly habsburg Austria despite the protestations of some South German nationalists. Similarly to the Italian confederationists, these wished for two separate Germanies: One northern and protestant, the other southern and catholic. One revolt that took many Germans by surprise was the Bohemian Revolution, who quickly seized upon the rapidly destabilizing balkans to unite the Czechs and Slovaks into one nation and quickly setting up a Rhutenian buffer state against Russian intervention. Whilst Russia had in the beginning supported the revolutions, especially those in the balkans that drove the habsburgs from power and established slavic entities like the kingdom of Serbia-Illyria and Czechoslovakia, the appearance of a previously German Polish state suddenly threatened to sunder the Russian state in the same way it had done to the many nations of central europe, a notion that would be proven correct just a few months into the revolution, as the grand duchy of Finland would soon split away from the monarchy and join its old master Sweden, but this time as an equal in a Scandinaivan Republic rather than as a subservient part of the former. Other revolutions in Ukraine, Rhutenia and the Baltics fared worse however, as the Tsar's troops slaughtered the revolutionaries down to a man.
Flag of the kingdom of Serbia-Illyria
The revolutionaries would even bring down the mighties empire in europe, as English Chartists and various Celtic nationalists spurred by Breton independence launched their own insurrections agains the British crown, forcing it into exile abroad. Their journey would first take them across the atlantic, were our series will resume next.
[1] Especially those pseudo-historical books like "The man in Neuschwanstein"
[2] Harold Miller, "The lesser revolutions of 1848" (1963)
(So yeah! Next time We'll take a look across the Atlantic, perhaps adress some more European states and hopefully make some friends along the way.)
Anti-Nationalism: A brief history
Anti-Nationalism: A brief history (Marcos Sanchez 2021, Univesidad de Centroamérica)
[…] The ushering in of nationalism as a cornerstone for a democratic government was indisputably the Springtime of Nations, overthrowing most European monarchies with no national allegiance and replacing them with states, chiefly republics, holding up the ethnic group as the firmament upon which an equal society is to be built. Nations like Belgium where seen as nothing but puppets of Monarchist Realpolitik to uphold a false balance of power by dividing the people and where promptly destroyed, even though it had itself been created by popular uprising. One notable exception that survived this wave of revolution was Switzerland; a country based on no single ethnolinguistic group but still shared a common identity. Along with political unwillingness, the defensible geography and the republican system of government this was a vital factor in keeping Switzerland from being divided by the newborn European powers and could therefore be seen as a sort of “exception that proves the rule”. It was only with the second great eastern war and the subsequent political vacuum that a true anti-nationalist ideology was allowed to emerge in the form of Ulyanovism. Whilst often decried as disguised Russian supremacism, the movement had a legitimate anti-nationalist ideological framework that is also reflected by their opponents, particularly the early campaign of “internationalization” following the seizure of Lumos (then still called Moscow) by Councilist forces. Following the attempted coup and the reports of crimes committed by armed Ulyanovist elements, this ideological framework was quickly replaced by one emphasizing national liberation, resonating greatly with the long marginalized groups present in the former Russian empire.
Despite this, notable exceptions sprung to life and continue to exist within the CCR itself; perhaps most radical is the Ukrainian Free territory; Despite the name, this is in fact not a socialist state but instead an anarchist “free territory” corresponding geographically to the traditional “ukranian lands” in order to fit within the framework of the CCR. There is also the matter of the “Caucasian twins” of the Mountainous Republic and Transcaucasia, which are mostly given as examples similar to the Swiss model of “non-ethnic nationalities” primarily because of the difficulty of separating these areas into traditional nation-states. Apart from the well-known cases of the East American Technate and arguably Deseret, it was really only with the creation of “Spearhead Socialism” and the rise of the Ulyanovist-inspired Revolutionary Thailand that a truly anti-nationalist ideological framework, even if yet again coopted as a tool for Thai ethnic Supremacy as many argue. This in turn has branched out into an entirely new and much more democratic anti-nationalist movement taking the form of “Inter-Ethnic Confederalism” as detailed by the Barbacha collective, quickly becoming a popular movement in many parts of Africa, particularly because of its anti-corruption stance and the de-emphasis of ethnic and clan allegiances. It is also cited as a large inspiration and ideological foundation for the Movement of Popular Liberation that is as of the time of writing active in both a military and political capacity large parts of southern Mexico. Perhaps the most potent driver of anti-nationalist sentiments today is the Internet, allowing people from all over the world to connect across national borders, especially following the formal end of the Radio curtain[…]
[…] The ushering in of nationalism as a cornerstone for a democratic government was indisputably the Springtime of Nations, overthrowing most European monarchies with no national allegiance and replacing them with states, chiefly republics, holding up the ethnic group as the firmament upon which an equal society is to be built. Nations like Belgium where seen as nothing but puppets of Monarchist Realpolitik to uphold a false balance of power by dividing the people and where promptly destroyed, even though it had itself been created by popular uprising. One notable exception that survived this wave of revolution was Switzerland; a country based on no single ethnolinguistic group but still shared a common identity. Along with political unwillingness, the defensible geography and the republican system of government this was a vital factor in keeping Switzerland from being divided by the newborn European powers and could therefore be seen as a sort of “exception that proves the rule”. It was only with the second great eastern war and the subsequent political vacuum that a true anti-nationalist ideology was allowed to emerge in the form of Ulyanovism. Whilst often decried as disguised Russian supremacism, the movement had a legitimate anti-nationalist ideological framework that is also reflected by their opponents, particularly the early campaign of “internationalization” following the seizure of Lumos (then still called Moscow) by Councilist forces. Following the attempted coup and the reports of crimes committed by armed Ulyanovist elements, this ideological framework was quickly replaced by one emphasizing national liberation, resonating greatly with the long marginalized groups present in the former Russian empire.
Despite this, notable exceptions sprung to life and continue to exist within the CCR itself; perhaps most radical is the Ukrainian Free territory; Despite the name, this is in fact not a socialist state but instead an anarchist “free territory” corresponding geographically to the traditional “ukranian lands” in order to fit within the framework of the CCR. There is also the matter of the “Caucasian twins” of the Mountainous Republic and Transcaucasia, which are mostly given as examples similar to the Swiss model of “non-ethnic nationalities” primarily because of the difficulty of separating these areas into traditional nation-states. Apart from the well-known cases of the East American Technate and arguably Deseret, it was really only with the creation of “Spearhead Socialism” and the rise of the Ulyanovist-inspired Revolutionary Thailand that a truly anti-nationalist ideological framework, even if yet again coopted as a tool for Thai ethnic Supremacy as many argue. This in turn has branched out into an entirely new and much more democratic anti-nationalist movement taking the form of “Inter-Ethnic Confederalism” as detailed by the Barbacha collective, quickly becoming a popular movement in many parts of Africa, particularly because of its anti-corruption stance and the de-emphasis of ethnic and clan allegiances. It is also cited as a large inspiration and ideological foundation for the Movement of Popular Liberation that is as of the time of writing active in both a military and political capacity large parts of southern Mexico. Perhaps the most potent driver of anti-nationalist sentiments today is the Internet, allowing people from all over the world to connect across national borders, especially following the formal end of the Radio curtain[…]
Battle of Francistown
FLSA forces in a staged photo outside Francistown
FLSA tanks in the western part of the city
Operation Iklwa
Commanded by the experienced Samora Machel, FLSA forces broke through the frontline defenses in the periphery of the city in the early morning of Saturday the 12th in April, quickly pushing Mackenzian forces across the Tati River. Here dogged resistance and a large number of Urban Tank Mines made the eastern part of the city unassailable by the FLSA’s spearhead armoured force and by midnight the city was effectively divided in two, with only light casualties on both sides. The following morning FLSA infantry crossed the river on improvised floats or rudimentary bridges and initiated brutal urban fighting that lasted from Monday the 13th all the way to the following Wednesday 16th, with MAF forces deeply entrenched in the very east of the city. By this point, the MAF had suffered around 153 casualties whilst FLSA forces had suffered around 200.
Building in central Francistown in the aftermath of the fighting
Operation Treads
A MAF relief force arrived April 18th, commanded by Henry Oakton and consisting of units of about 2,000 men’s worth of mechanized infantry who attempted a rapid counter-attack, briefly stretching MAF control into the railway station west of the river, but was cut off by the end of the night. Fierce fighting resumed the following morning in the contested railway station, finally ending on the 20th as a large fire erupted and the 50 defenders either surrendered or where killed. At this point FLSA forces had once more pushed the MFA to the eastern outskirts of the city once roads had been cleared for an armoured advance, making it clear to the Mackenzian leadership that the city could not be held.
MAF "Viper" Aircraft
Operation SG
To slow the FLSA’s pursuit of Mackenzian forces in their retreat around the Kalahari Desert, reduce enemy troop numbers and “prevent further rebel recruitment”, MAF high command ordered a saturated aerial bombing of Francistown following the evacuation of all Mackenzian forces and white citizens. On the night of April 24th, three MAF “Viper” jet bombers ran several bombing runs of delayed Sarin gas bombs, killing an estimated 2/3rds of the city’s civilian population that night. Local FLSA forces where for the most part suitably equipped for gas warfare, but supply shortages meant that there were few gas masks to spare for civilians. A considerable number of FLSA soldiers responded by either attempting to create rudimentary forms of insulated protection or gas masks, but others voluntarily gave their equipment or gas mask to civilians, sacrificing themselves in the process. The city was ultimately retaken and the resulting international backlash arguably doomed the Mackenzian state, particularly following the general African arms embargo imposed by the west.
Most of the city was deemed inhabitable in 1988 following extensive sanitation efforts and there are now several commemorations to the event in the city as well as a permanent exhibit in the IA Museum of Human Rights.