The Silver Knight, a Lithuania Timeline
- Thread starter Augenis
- Start date
Well, the Virginian People's Alliance represents Democratic Unitarianism while the Unitarian Party of Virginia is a hardline Unitarian party which adheres to "radical Democratic Unitarianism".
I remember reading a post a while back about the region above Mongolia that China owns having a cultural divergence of sorts. Colonised by China, but growing a different set of cultural values, such as being more liberal. (Correct me if I'm wrong, I need to find that chapter.)
I wonder if there are secessionist movements picking up steam? Forced conscription, pretty far from control of the Chinese government, far from the Front and probably increased taxes.
It would be interesting to see how China handled unrest in the region. Their at a time where manpower can't be diverted, but the loss of resources would be crippling. On the other-hand the US forces would not accept China going into a Civil War at this crucial moment. Maybe grant the region increase autonomy or even independence, but with a requirement of x amount of resources and manpower be provided to support the war effort?
I wonder if there are secessionist movements picking up steam? Forced conscription, pretty far from control of the Chinese government, far from the Front and probably increased taxes.
It would be interesting to see how China handled unrest in the region. Their at a time where manpower can't be diverted, but the loss of resources would be crippling. On the other-hand the US forces would not accept China going into a Civil War at this crucial moment. Maybe grant the region increase autonomy or even independence, but with a requirement of x amount of resources and manpower be provided to support the war effort?
What about the ex-Dutch colony in OTL Taiwan? I’m sure the Nieuwe Staat is covertly supporting secessionist sentiments amongst the Dutch population there.
And yes, if you're wondering about Margaret Tyrell, she's a shout-out to Game of Thrones and to Margaery Tyrell.
You know what's actually rather disappointing about this timeline in retrospect? The fact that Moose cavalry never developed.
They seemingly existed in Siberia to a significant enough degree during the middle ages iOTL that laws were made banning the riding of Moose in Baltic cities because it spooked Horses. I think I also remember hearing something about how Ivan the Terrible* encountered Moose riders when expanding his armies that out-competed his horse cavalry, only to respond by executing the Moose riders, slaughtering the Moose being ridden and making it a crime to ride them. Didn't Sweden also try using Moose as mounts for their courier service at one point?
These Siberian would-be Moose domesticators ended up getting out competed by people who had already domesticated cattle and horses, but that could have been different in The Silver Knight. If only I had suggested it way back when it was still relevant... Ah well, hindsight is a bitch, huh?
*might have been Peter the Great
They seemingly existed in Siberia to a significant enough degree during the middle ages iOTL that laws were made banning the riding of Moose in Baltic cities because it spooked Horses. I think I also remember hearing something about how Ivan the Terrible* encountered Moose riders when expanding his armies that out-competed his horse cavalry, only to respond by executing the Moose riders, slaughtering the Moose being ridden and making it a crime to ride them. Didn't Sweden also try using Moose as mounts for their courier service at one point?
These Siberian would-be Moose domesticators ended up getting out competed by people who had already domesticated cattle and horses, but that could have been different in The Silver Knight. If only I had suggested it way back when it was still relevant... Ah well, hindsight is a bitch, huh?
*might have been Peter the Great
Last edited:
Chapter 109: Lightbringer
Part 109: Lightbringer (Jul-Oct 1959)
Through August, the Chinese momentum found no brakes. Kunming and Nanning were both retaken by the end of the month, though, in both cases, left in critical condition by the retreating Indian forces. Unable to stop their enemies the classic way, Indians opted to loot the land and salt the earth, officially for scorched earth tactics, but in reality just to get one last bite at the Chinese before they are pushed back into Southeast Asia. Roads, bridges and railway lines were being hastily detonated to slow down enemy troop movement, and commandos inserted in lost territory continue to brew trouble behind the Chinese lines - though not as much as the myriads of resistance movements did to the Unitarians themselves. Every single mile the Chinese advanced forward made the resistance in Southeast Asia stronger - Thai, Laotian, Vietnamese, Assamese and even Burmese guerrillas sabotaged supply lines, assassinated officer after officer and dealt minor damage to Indian ground forces with ambush attacks. Some supplies sent from the US, usually dropped by air - not much of it, but still a noticeable amount - helped strengthen the anti-Unitarian resistance as well. News of the defeat after defeat in China would also bolster independence movements elsewhere - unrest was growing in Persia, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Malacca and Borneo, among other places - some rumbling could be heard even in India itself, especially among the minor ethnic groups dispersed across the subcontinent.
After a successful battle near the town of Dehong in southern Yunnan, the 11th and 151st Indian Infantry Divisions were pushed back all the way to Burman territory, allowing the Chinese to take control of prewar Commonwealth territory for the first time in the conflict. There was still enough momentum and equipment left to continue pushing beyond this, into Burma, potentially seizing the Irrawady River basin and thus cutting off millions of Unitarian soldiers in a hostile Indochina - however, the military high command of the Shun dynasty opted for a conservative approach. Despite the overwhelming success of the offensive, the losses taken by the Chinese passed all expectations, and while there was no crisis in equipment and supply just yet, the Chinese did not wish to risk getting overstretched in foreign territory. As such, in late September, Operation Thunderbolt came to a close, Chinese forces now digging in and reorganizing for offensives in the future. One thing the Chinese were really worried about, in addition to all this, was the mysterious disappearance of Indian nuclear strikes - Allied air superiority may be preventing strategic attacks on Chinese cities, but nothing was stopping them from pulling something similar to the "nuclear cage" and detonating bombs on the ground. This enigmatic situation was among the main reasons why the Chinese were conservative in their attacks, rather than going all-out.
1959 United States propaganda poster (this particular one in English), requesting civilians to donate to the war effort in China
Meanwhile, unable to break the Indians on land, the Western allies took to the air.
United States bombardment of India had been taking place for over two years now, but 1959 was the year when the aerial campaign reached its high point, thanks to numerous advancements in bomber and escort technology allowing much longer trips, as well as the acquisition of additional airfields in southern India. Whereas in the past, the US was mainly content with bombarding the Deccan up to Mumbai, usually focusing on troop formations, now their jet bombers could reach as far as the Himalayas, targeting cities, factories, pipelines and railroads across the valleys of Ganges and Indus. And, starting with 1959, especially railroads. The appointment of Dutch air general and future Stadtholder Harrie Hoevers as the supreme commander of the US air forces marked a change in Allied bombing strategy - Hoevers accurately predicted the precarious food situation in India and noted that the destruction of the Indian infrastructure system would not only hamper the Unitarian ability to rapidly redeploy troops, but also starve the Indian people into either submission or anti-Unitarian revolution, whichever would come first. An evil plan, sure, but, in Hoevers's mind, as well as in reality, it was an effective one, and he personally dubbed it a "hunger plan", and though many in the supreme high command questioned the morality of such a strategy, it was put into affect during the year.
The US aerial raiding campaign on India employed a total of 5 000 strategic bombers, most of them being either the reliable, but somewhat dated Vespucian KK-2 "Koertsen" or the far speedier and competent, but expensive German P-55 "Lightning", equipped with jet engines, and just as many escort fighters. Bases in Ceylon, Nijasure, across Tamil Nadu and on Allied aircraft carriers were vital to the operation. The Indian response consisted of mass production of anti-aircraft guns and interceptor aircraft, however, neither solution had much of an impact on the destruction - unable to afford mass production of jet fighters (Indian jets, such as the Orissa-5 fighter-bomber, had not entered mass production yet, and were very costly), but standard interceptor designs were not fast enough to even catch up to the superior Allied jets. Meanwhile, Indian AA guns were completely obsolete. As such, few things could stop the day and night bombardment of Delhi, Lucknow, Mumbai, Ahmednagar, Bright Tomorrow, Unity, Devagiri, Varanasi, Agra and many, many other cities as well as the infrastructure between them. Railroad lines and pipelines were not as easy to hit from the sky as dense cities, of course, so the Allies opted for striking their congregations - rail stations and refineries, almost all of which had to be rebuilt from scratch after the war. For city centers, on the other hand, the US gave India a taste of its own medicine, dropping tons of napalm to incite vast fires and destruction. Though the effectiveness of napalm bombardment was not as high as that of standard explosives, as the majority of Indian cities had been built not from wood, but from non-flammable materials such as concrete, what it did give was shock value. Meanwhile, Persia was a secondary target for US bomber forces - there, they targeted oil rigs, refineries and transport infrastructure. The disruption of the military transportation system, interestingly enough, did much more to help the Jund-e Khoda than any secret supplies or funding could have ever done - by October, the insurgents moved out of the underground and successfully seized a number of towns in northern and eastern Persia. A similar situation took place in Afghanistan, where the disgruntled locals took to the mountains to resist the Unitarian regime.
When Hoevers was asked by a war journalist on how many Indian souls did the air raid campaign take away, he simply responded with "I wouldn't be able to count". Historians have attempted to do exactly that - however, this is where they reached a problem, because, as one could tell from the air marshal's designated goals, the majority of the casualties of the campaign were indirect. The first sights of famine in India, caused by the disruption in the food distribution system, appeared in the poorest regions of India - along the Indus River - and then soon spread far and beyond. At first, emergency food rations from the government storage helped alleviate the worst in the cities, but there soon came a point where those reserves simply ran out, leading to the beginning of a full blown famine. Historians count the total losses caused directly and indirectly by the air raid campaign in the millions, and potentially even more displaced.
And this all happened without the US even putting the nuclear option to use. By October 1959, the alliance had a total of eleven thermonuclear bombs at its disposal, enough to turn at least ten million people to ash. However, as time went on, the civilian leadership of the US became increasingly wary of using nuclear bombs during the remainder of the war at all. The air raid campaign was already nightmarish in its effectiveness, and adding eleven radioactive piles of ash which used to be cities to the equation would just turn the entire region into a gigantic humanitarian disaster, solving which would probably require more resources than winning the war itself. India's nuclear weaponry was also worrying - though the US had no knowledge about the number of nuclear bombs Amrit Ahuya's government wielded, it was likely that they had at least a few ready to launch, and a US first strike could turn the war into a series of mushroom clouds.
Sights from the air raid campaign on India during the Great Asian War. From left to right:
Citizens of Agra constructing an earthen mound as a basic air raid shelter;
Air raid drill in Lucknow;
The suburbs of Delhi after a morning air raid.
Harrie Hoevers, Supreme Commander of the Air Force of the United States in the Deccan Front
There is a point at which stubborness and bravery devolves into stupidity, as some say.
The war will only be over when the Unified Indian State is turned into the disunified Indian states by the efforts of the free peoples of the world (the United States).
Just the sort of cold efficiency you'd expect from a Dutch autocracy. Excellent.
I may have another guest post out sometime this week. I'd intended for it to be on the occupied parts of India, but with things heating up in Persia it might be on Arabia/wider Mideast instead.
I may have another guest post out sometime this week. I'd intended for it to be on the occupied parts of India, but with things heating up in Persia it might be on Arabia/wider Mideast instead.
Holy heck. Bomber Harris has nothing on this guy (is the similarity of names intentional?)
I wonder how the Pre-War India is going to look? Sure there are going to be breakaways, but within the sub-continent, I think there will be less and that's problematic. The US/China & Co. will never accept a united India.
This is going to turn into a Cold War isn't it?
This is going to turn into a Cold War isn't it?
Were you thinking it was about how the Vetrivel (am I spelling the name of those guys accurately) and US occupation forces are getting along?
The Northern Kingdom
The Northern Kingdom: Sweden after 1947
The Flag of the Kingdom of Sweden
The 1947 elections to the Rikstag in Sweden were “snap elections” called by the “Coalition for National Unitarianism” after Sweden's leaders bowed to Germany pressure to adopt democratic reforms which rescinded the "electoral reforms" adopted by the Coalition on National Unitarianism. The Coalition on National Unitarianism was Sweden's ruling coalition, a weird mixture of Unitarian and Nationalist political parties held together by resentment of Sweden's "mutilated victory" and the leadership of Leonard Ekblad, a hero of the Great European War. Leonard Ekblad’s Coalition on National Unitarianism won said electionto the Rikstag, although by a narrower margin with only 254 of 500 seats being won by said party. However Leonard Ekblad would die on September 5, 1947 from a stroke and the Coalition fell apart shortly afterwards as the Unitarian and the nationalist factions of said coalition fell out with each other with the split formally being announced on November 26, 1947. Therefore, until the next Rikstag elections, the Unitarian Party of Sweden would have 142 seats and the Swedish National Congress would have the remaining 112 seats of the former Coalition on National Unitarianism. The next elections would be called on February 16, 1948 after coalition talks failed to bring about a solution to the deadlock caused by the split of said coalition. Said elections would bring about the victory of the Progressive Alliance of Sweden, led by the Norwegian Ronald Fossen, which won 188 out of 500 seats in coalition with the Democeatic Unitarians in the Swedish People’s Alliance, which won 102 seats in the Rikstag
Ronald Fossen, Prime Minister of Sweden (1947-1954)
Ronald Fossen’s government during his first term in office was largely involved with having to rebuild the Swedish government’s relationships with other nations as the previous Coalition for National Unitarianism government had largely pursued a program of autarky via a program of encouraging Swedes to “buy Swedish products” and putting up a “wall of tariffs” as part of their nationalist program. His government did so via opening trade deals with Germania and France (among others) and passing laws which lowered tariffs on foreign goods. However, his government had to deal with another issue: New Sweden. After New England and Virginia declared independence during the Troubles in Britannia, similar secessionist sentiments had crept up amongst New Sweden’s elite with the Assembly of Vinland being formed under the leadership of Harald Brodd. However, Harald Brodd and Ronald Fossen, unlike the Britannian government and it’s colonies, were more than willing to compromise with the Soberg Agreement being signed on March 26, 1951, which created the Dominon of Vinland, a state which shared a monarch with Sweden but was otherwise independent of Stockholm’s rule. However, later that year, Fossen’s coalition government would collapse, forcing through snap elections. The September 1951 elections, the first held after Vinland’s independence and the subsequent redistricting, would result in Fossen’s party winning 195 seats, the Swedish People’s Alliance winning 112 seats, the Swedish Protectionist League winning 75 seats, the Swedish National Congress winning 72 seats, the Unitarian Party of Sweden winning 28 seats in a landslide defeat, and the remaining 18 seats being with the “Norwegian League”, a coalition of parties which were dedicated to “representing Norwegian interests” with some parties calling for Norwegian independence and other parties calling for greater autonomy for Norway.
In the aftermath of the 1951 election, Fossen would forge a new coalition government with the Swedish Protectionist League. Said coalition resulted in several concessions to the SPL in economic and social policies. For instance, the government of Sweden would privatize many state-owned industries set up during the “National Unitarian” regime, with it’s corporatist and populist economic policies which emphasized a degree of state-directed growth to achieve both economic prosperity and self-sufficiency. However, Fossen was able to maintain the welfare state which had been established under the “National Unitarian” regime as part of their populistic policies to buy popular support. This was able to win him large amounts of popularity and he appeared optimistic of winning the next elections. However, tragedy would strike as on February 16, 1954, Aron Larsson, who was connected to various Unitarian and Norwegian secessionist movements, would assassinate the Swedish Prime Minister by shooting at him with a sniper rifle as he gave a speech in Malmo. The new Prime Minister would be Arvid Lindholm, Fossen’s deputy as head of the Progressive Alliance of Sweden.
Another tragedy would strike Sweden as the 62-year old King Valdemar III would die on September 26, 1954 from a sudden stroke. His only son, Prince Nicholas, had died in 1948 from a car accident at the age of 26 along with his wife before they could have a child, leaving his two daughters Astrid and Viktoria, who were polar opposites of one another in their political views but shared an intelligence and charm. Princess Astrid was the older one, born in 1925. From a young age, she developed a reputation as a intelligent, charming, and talented woman. She was also kind-hearted, warm, and gentle as well despite being well-known as a “tomboy”. Politically, she was very progressive in her political views, being sympathetic to both Democratic Unitarianism and later Yangism. In addition, she already was married to Prince Magnus of Denmark, third son of King Leo of Denmark with the couple having two daughters, Katarina, born in 1951, and Irene, born in 1953. Princess Viktoria, born in 1929, would also be seen as highly intelligent and charming as well but in contrast to her sister, would be viewed as cold, cruel, and distant with some people who analyzed her concluding she was a high-functioning sociopath. Politically, she was fairly reactionary in her Protectionism, heavilly influenced by the Nieuwe Staat, where she had studied for college. While Princess Astrid would be crowned Queen of Sweden, her younger sister Viktoria would be prominent in Protectionist circles of Swedish politics in later years.
Queen Astrid I of Sweden (1954-2003)
Arvid Lindholm’s government would prove to be short-lived for elections would be called in early 1955. Said elections would produce a majority for Lucas Sparv and his Swedish People’s Alliance. Another major event in the Swedish election of 1955, though noticed by few, would be the election of the 37-year old actress turned politician Nathalie Anderberg to the Rikstag on the “list” of the Swedish People’s Alliance along with the election of Thomas Blomstedt on a constiuency seat in Narvik running on the Swedish National Congress. Both of them would be prominent in Swedish politics in the latter part of the 20th Century as well. Lucas Sparv’s government would try to implement Democratic Unitarian policies during it’s tenure in office but their policies would be derailed by the outbreak of the Great Asian War. Sparv’s government would take part in the Braunplan but would remain neutral until September 26, 1958 due to the fact Sweden was neither a member of the European Defense Commission nor prominent enough to warrant being a founding member of the United States. Sparv’s government would only declare war on the Unified Indian State and it’s allies on September 26, 1958 due to a mixture of diplomatic pressure and the lingering threat of India. However, while training the “Swedish Expeditionary Corps” would begin almost immediately, transporting the three infantry divisions (the 2nd, 4th, and 8th Infantry Divisions) and the 2nd Armored Division which would be the four divisions making up said corps would take until April 1959 due to winter making sealift from Sweden near-impossible due to harsh seas. It would take the Swedish Expeditionary Corps until the middle of May to arrive in Ceylon and they would only be fully ready for combat operations in mid-August due to the fact they still had to be transported to the front lines. However, under the command of Major General Rolf Axelsson, the Swedes would distinguish themselves in some of the harshest fighting in the Indian Front.
The Flag of the Kingdom of Sweden
The 1947 elections to the Rikstag in Sweden were “snap elections” called by the “Coalition for National Unitarianism” after Sweden's leaders bowed to Germany pressure to adopt democratic reforms which rescinded the "electoral reforms" adopted by the Coalition on National Unitarianism. The Coalition on National Unitarianism was Sweden's ruling coalition, a weird mixture of Unitarian and Nationalist political parties held together by resentment of Sweden's "mutilated victory" and the leadership of Leonard Ekblad, a hero of the Great European War. Leonard Ekblad’s Coalition on National Unitarianism won said electionto the Rikstag, although by a narrower margin with only 254 of 500 seats being won by said party. However Leonard Ekblad would die on September 5, 1947 from a stroke and the Coalition fell apart shortly afterwards as the Unitarian and the nationalist factions of said coalition fell out with each other with the split formally being announced on November 26, 1947. Therefore, until the next Rikstag elections, the Unitarian Party of Sweden would have 142 seats and the Swedish National Congress would have the remaining 112 seats of the former Coalition on National Unitarianism. The next elections would be called on February 16, 1948 after coalition talks failed to bring about a solution to the deadlock caused by the split of said coalition. Said elections would bring about the victory of the Progressive Alliance of Sweden, led by the Norwegian Ronald Fossen, which won 188 out of 500 seats in coalition with the Democeatic Unitarians in the Swedish People’s Alliance, which won 102 seats in the Rikstag
Ronald Fossen, Prime Minister of Sweden (1947-1954)
Ronald Fossen’s government during his first term in office was largely involved with having to rebuild the Swedish government’s relationships with other nations as the previous Coalition for National Unitarianism government had largely pursued a program of autarky via a program of encouraging Swedes to “buy Swedish products” and putting up a “wall of tariffs” as part of their nationalist program. His government did so via opening trade deals with Germania and France (among others) and passing laws which lowered tariffs on foreign goods. However, his government had to deal with another issue: New Sweden. After New England and Virginia declared independence during the Troubles in Britannia, similar secessionist sentiments had crept up amongst New Sweden’s elite with the Assembly of Vinland being formed under the leadership of Harald Brodd. However, Harald Brodd and Ronald Fossen, unlike the Britannian government and it’s colonies, were more than willing to compromise with the Soberg Agreement being signed on March 26, 1951, which created the Dominon of Vinland, a state which shared a monarch with Sweden but was otherwise independent of Stockholm’s rule. However, later that year, Fossen’s coalition government would collapse, forcing through snap elections. The September 1951 elections, the first held after Vinland’s independence and the subsequent redistricting, would result in Fossen’s party winning 195 seats, the Swedish People’s Alliance winning 112 seats, the Swedish Protectionist League winning 75 seats, the Swedish National Congress winning 72 seats, the Unitarian Party of Sweden winning 28 seats in a landslide defeat, and the remaining 18 seats being with the “Norwegian League”, a coalition of parties which were dedicated to “representing Norwegian interests” with some parties calling for Norwegian independence and other parties calling for greater autonomy for Norway.
In the aftermath of the 1951 election, Fossen would forge a new coalition government with the Swedish Protectionist League. Said coalition resulted in several concessions to the SPL in economic and social policies. For instance, the government of Sweden would privatize many state-owned industries set up during the “National Unitarian” regime, with it’s corporatist and populist economic policies which emphasized a degree of state-directed growth to achieve both economic prosperity and self-sufficiency. However, Fossen was able to maintain the welfare state which had been established under the “National Unitarian” regime as part of their populistic policies to buy popular support. This was able to win him large amounts of popularity and he appeared optimistic of winning the next elections. However, tragedy would strike as on February 16, 1954, Aron Larsson, who was connected to various Unitarian and Norwegian secessionist movements, would assassinate the Swedish Prime Minister by shooting at him with a sniper rifle as he gave a speech in Malmo. The new Prime Minister would be Arvid Lindholm, Fossen’s deputy as head of the Progressive Alliance of Sweden.
Another tragedy would strike Sweden as the 62-year old King Valdemar III would die on September 26, 1954 from a sudden stroke. His only son, Prince Nicholas, had died in 1948 from a car accident at the age of 26 along with his wife before they could have a child, leaving his two daughters Astrid and Viktoria, who were polar opposites of one another in their political views but shared an intelligence and charm. Princess Astrid was the older one, born in 1925. From a young age, she developed a reputation as a intelligent, charming, and talented woman. She was also kind-hearted, warm, and gentle as well despite being well-known as a “tomboy”. Politically, she was very progressive in her political views, being sympathetic to both Democratic Unitarianism and later Yangism. In addition, she already was married to Prince Magnus of Denmark, third son of King Leo of Denmark with the couple having two daughters, Katarina, born in 1951, and Irene, born in 1953. Princess Viktoria, born in 1929, would also be seen as highly intelligent and charming as well but in contrast to her sister, would be viewed as cold, cruel, and distant with some people who analyzed her concluding she was a high-functioning sociopath. Politically, she was fairly reactionary in her Protectionism, heavilly influenced by the Nieuwe Staat, where she had studied for college. While Princess Astrid would be crowned Queen of Sweden, her younger sister Viktoria would be prominent in Protectionist circles of Swedish politics in later years.
Queen Astrid I of Sweden (1954-2003)
Arvid Lindholm’s government would prove to be short-lived for elections would be called in early 1955. Said elections would produce a majority for Lucas Sparv and his Swedish People’s Alliance. Another major event in the Swedish election of 1955, though noticed by few, would be the election of the 37-year old actress turned politician Nathalie Anderberg to the Rikstag on the “list” of the Swedish People’s Alliance along with the election of Thomas Blomstedt on a constiuency seat in Narvik running on the Swedish National Congress. Both of them would be prominent in Swedish politics in the latter part of the 20th Century as well. Lucas Sparv’s government would try to implement Democratic Unitarian policies during it’s tenure in office but their policies would be derailed by the outbreak of the Great Asian War. Sparv’s government would take part in the Braunplan but would remain neutral until September 26, 1958 due to the fact Sweden was neither a member of the European Defense Commission nor prominent enough to warrant being a founding member of the United States. Sparv’s government would only declare war on the Unified Indian State and it’s allies on September 26, 1958 due to a mixture of diplomatic pressure and the lingering threat of India. However, while training the “Swedish Expeditionary Corps” would begin almost immediately, transporting the three infantry divisions (the 2nd, 4th, and 8th Infantry Divisions) and the 2nd Armored Division which would be the four divisions making up said corps would take until April 1959 due to winter making sealift from Sweden near-impossible due to harsh seas. It would take the Swedish Expeditionary Corps until the middle of May to arrive in Ceylon and they would only be fully ready for combat operations in mid-August due to the fact they still had to be transported to the front lines. However, under the command of Major General Rolf Axelsson, the Swedes would distinguish themselves in some of the harshest fighting in the Indian Front.
Last edited: