The Dutch East Indies had enjoyed the fruits of Liberalism in the 19th century, and while the Netherlands sometimes was heavy handed in exerting control over their sphere in the islands, they also eradicated a number of odious practices such as slavery and cannibalism. While in the first half of the 19th Century the Netherlands had mostly taken from the wealth of the East Indies, in the second half and into the 20th Century, Dutch governance followed a policy of infrastructure development, and matched with the wealth of natural resources the East Indies enjoyed a boom in prosperity. The Dutch East Indies had also been spared from any threat during the Global War due to being surrounded by lands that were either neutral or Entente.
However, the strategic situation was more complicated in the Population War. The only close territories under the control of allies of the Netherlands was French Greater Australia and the Spanish Philippines. The population and resources of the French Australias were meager, but the Spanish Philippines could provide some support to Dutch East Indies forces.
The British Australias on the other hand had a reasonable sized population that included a number of men who could be called to service. Thus the fight for the Dutch East Indies was joined, led mostly by the Australians on behalf of the British Empire.