Luft '19

I think you have to call your D.IX a D.VIII bis to avoid confusion with the other Fokker D.IX. Nicely done, though.

Not available from any internet sources, but found recorded in "Fighters A to Z", a British book compilation originally serialized in "Air International " magazine, there are a couple of Fokker fighters which lost to the D-VIII at the Idflieg. They were called the V-24 and V-27, I think. Both cantilever monoplanes, one was low wing, powered by Oberursel radial, and the other was mid-wing with Benz engine. The complaint was poor visibility.

I have read Ernst Udet's book, an edited translation. The 1919 pages must have been missing. The last years of his life, leading up to his suicide, seem to have been ghost-written by Goebbels himself, without credit.

I think the Albatross D XII would top out at about 106 mph, same as D X. German fighters didn't seem to have enough power. The Siemens- Schuckert D IV, which used a Siemens-Halske 11 cyl engine, was a bit of a dead end. Nobody ever built an eleven cylinder engine again, but back in 1913, Louis Bechereau built a racer with a two-row engine, and took a world record. Nobody built another two-row rotary engine either. I wonder why. A two-row Oberursel could have powered a contender, particularly with Fokker cantilever wings.

Interesting thoughts. But the OTL Fokker D.IX (which is barely known and of little significance) was not built until after the war, so the next Fokker fighter ITL would naturally be designated the D.IX.

As for the Albatros D XII, it had 8% less horsepower than the D X but 16% less loaded weight. Thus, I assume that it could have hit 110mph. Still pretty sluggish when you consider that this is the age of 121mph Snipes and 146mph Buzzards. It seems to me that German pilots were willing to compromise speed and strength for maneuverability and climb rate, but the failure to build a more powerful engine than the BMW III for fighters was also an important factor. The only engines more powerful were the Maybach Mb.IVa and Benz Bz.IV, both too heavy for fighters.

Two-row rotaries would be interesting aviation engines, although by 1918 the Germans were probably better off with inline engines because the poor quality ersatz oil resulted in unreliability in rotary engined aircraft, for instance with the Fokker Dr.I and Fokker E.V/D.VIII.

Also, I didn't know Udet wrote a book.
 
ITL Wikipedia article.
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Pomilio Gamma

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


The first Gamma prototype

Role: Fighter
National origin: Italy
Manufacturer: Pomilio
First flight: 1918
Primary user: Italy
Number built: 106 by Pomilio, 63 by Lublin under license

The Pomilio Gamma was an Italian fighter of World War I.

Contents


[hide]

Design and development

Gamma

The Pomilio company of Turin designed and manufactured the Gamma, a wooden, single-seat, single-bay biplane with wings of unequal span, the upper wing being of greater span than the lower. It was powered by a 149-kilowatt (200-horsepower) SPA 6A water-cooled engine driving a two-bladed tractor propeller. It had fixed, tailskid landing gear.[1]
The Gamma prototype first flew early in 1918. An Italian official commission observed a demonstration of it, and concluded that although it was fast and had good maneuverability, its rate of climb was insufficient to merit a production order.[2]

Gamma IF

Pomilio responded to the Gamma's shortcomings by building a second prototype, the Gamma IF, fitted with a more powerful Isotta-Fraschini V6 engine rated at 186 kilowatts (250 horsepower). An official commission saw a demonstration of the Gamma IF in 1918, but at first could not agree on whether it merited a production order. In October 1918, the commission finally decided to order a small number of Gamma IF fighters.[3]

Operational history

The first examples of the Gamma IF reached the front in December 1918. The Gamma was more popular amongst pilots than the Ansaldo A.1 Balilla, being easier to fly and more maneuverable. It was regarded as superior to the aircraft used by Austria-Hungary and Germany[citation needed]. Deliveries to the front were subsequently increased. After the war, most were either diverted to training squadrons or placed in storage.

In Polish service

The Gamma IF found a new lease of life, however, when a purchasing committee from the Polish army visited Italy in 1919 in search of new weapons. A contract for ten evaluation aircraft was signed, and these were delivered to Warsaw in January 1920. The initial impression of pilots there (mostly American volunteers) was extremely favorable, on account of its high speed, maneuverability, and fuel capacity. On May 25, the Gamma IFs were deployed to the front line. All but two of them were destroyed during the Red Army counterattack in the Ukraine. Nevertheless, the Polish government had already purchased another 20 aircraft and a licence to locally produce another 125. The new aircraft only arrived after hostilities had ended, and in June 1921 the first of 36 licence-built machines rolled out of the Lublin factory.

The Lublin-built machines were some 50 kg (110 lb) heavier than the original Italian design and exhibited frequent problems with the quality of their welds. Numerous accidents ensued, including at least five fatal crashes. In 1924, the production order was reduced to 90 machines, and soon thereafter to 63 (the number actually constructed at the time). The following year, the armament was removed from all Gammas then in service, and by 1928, the type had been withdrawn from service completely.

Variants

Gamma: Operational version built in Italy; used in Italian and Polish service
Gamma (Lublin): License-built Polish version

Operators


  • 22px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29.svg.png
    Italy
  • 22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png
    Poland
Specifications (Gamma IF)

Data from Green, William, and Gordon Swanborough The Complete Book of Fighters: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Every Fighter Aircraft Built and Flown, New York: SMITHMARK Publishers, 1994, ISBN 0-8317-3939-8

General characteristics

  • Crew: 1
  • Length: 6.30 m (20 ft 8 in)
  • Wingspan: 7.99 m (26 ft 2½ in)
  • Wing area: 21.90 m2 (235.74 ft2)
  • Empty weight: 680 kg (1,499 lb)
  • Gross weight: 950 kg (2,094 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Isotta-Fraschini V6 piston, 186 kW (250 hp)
Performance

  • Maximum speed: 225 km/h (140 mph)
  • Time to 3,000 m (9,842 ft): 7 min 30 sec
  • Endurance: 3 hours
Armament

Notes


  1. ^ Green and Swanborough, pp. 478-479.
  2. ^ Green and Swanborough, pp. 478.
  3. ^ Green and Swanborough, pp. 478.

References

  • Green, William, and Gordon Swanborough. The Complete Book of Fighters: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Every Fighter Aircraft Built and Flown. New York: SMITHMARK Publishers, 1994. ISBN 0-8317-3939-8.
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Rumpler.png
Ltn Ulrich Hoth's Rumpler D.I (JG I, Jasta 6)

"Before trying to defeat Germany, we must knock out her allies. British and French commanders have wasted the entire war sending millions of men into the meat grinder that is the Western Front. But if we attack in the Balkans, we can hit the Central Powers where they are weakest."

General Adolphe Guillamaut in August 1918, trying to persuade Marshal of France Ferdinand Foch not to divert troops from the Macedonian front to the Western Front (in preparation for Plan 1919). Guillamaut's objections were overruled, however, and General Louis Franchet d'Espèrey plans for a grand offensive to knock Bulgaria out of the war were stifled. This disappointed the Italians, who needed help against the Austro-Hungarians in order to regain ground lost after the Battle of Caporetto, and lacked sufficient strength to mount an offensive.

Allied commanders agreed to wait until the spring of 1919 to give d'Espèrey permission to mount a Balkans offensive, to coincide with "Plan 1919."

Rumpler.png
 
THE BATTLE OF WEST HINDER

An Excerpt from
Warships by H.P. Willmott

"The second and final time in which the British Grand Fleet and German High Seas Fleet came into contact was the Battle of West Hinder, fought on 15-18 February 1919. The action originated with the need to support General Erich Ludendorff's plan to mount a "Winter Offensive" into Calais, which would disrupt the flow of men and materiel into France, and shorten the front, thus lessening the war strain on Germany's economy. The plan was to send a group of ships to raid the eastern coast of Britain, in order to divert Allied attention from a larger force of ships moving towards the Channel with the intention of raiding coastal installations, removing mines, and sinking merchant ships. The attack would happen during a time of bad weather, thus screening the ships from air attack.

"The diversionary force, consisting of four battlecruisers, four light cruisers, and fifteen torpedo boats, was intercepted en route to Britain by elements of the Grand Fleet, thanks to British decryption of German naval codes. In a brief but furious engagement on the 15th, the British sank one battlecruiser and two light cruisers at the loss of one battleship and one armoured cruiser, and the German commander of the diversionary force decided to turn back. Yet the British still remained unaware of Hipper's main force, which was moving rapidly towards the Channel.

"On the 16th, a British flying-boat spotted Hipper's force close to Zeeland. Upon being alerted, Beatty sent all available ships south, but knew that he could not hope to have his ships arrive in time. Fortunately, however, most of the Sixth Battleship Squadron, consisting of four American battleships commanded by Rear Admiral Hugh Rodman, was currently stationed nearby, in addition to numerous cruisers and destroyers in the area. Thus, on the 17th, the American and German battleship fleets clashed in bad weather off the coast of northeastern France.

"Shifting fog banks caused confusion, especially among the relatively inexperienced American crews. The superior command, control, and discipline of the German fleet resulted in the initial action being a German tactical victory, with the battleship Florida, a light cruiser, and a destroyer being sunk and the New York and Arkansas severely damaged, in exchange for the loss of two armoured cruisers and the battleship Grosser Kurfürst being badly mauled before the Americans disengaged. Nevertheless, the Americans acquitted themselves well, and Hipper believed that he had encountered the British Grand Fleet. Fearing the arrival of more enemy forces, and with indications of the weather clearing up, he decided to withdraw, having accomplished none of his initial objectives. British planes attempted to reach the German fleet that evening but to no avail.

"But it was not over yet. On the following morning, British aircraft successfully attacked Hipper's fleet, and sunk one battlecruiser and one battleship. That afternoon, Beatty's battlecruisers located Hipper's speeding fleet in the North Sea. Hipper decided to capitalize on his tactical numerical superiority and gave battle; two British battlecruisers were sunk and another badly damaged, for the loss of one German battlecruiser and one armoured cruiser, and heavy damage inflicted upon a battleship.

"Hipper finally managed to return to the safety of German waters. Hipper returned to Germany having lost more ships than he had sunk, and failed to achieve his strategic objectives, and was subsequently relieved. The High Seas Fleet did not make another major sortie for the remainder of the war."

British losses: 1 battleship, 2 battlecruisers, 1 armored cruiser, 1 light cruiser
American losses: 1 battleship, 1 destroyer
German losses: 1 battleship, 3 battlecruisers, 3 armored cruisers, 2 light cruisers

w1_uss_florida.jpg

USS Florida seen shortly before the Battle of West Hinder (1/28/1919)

SMS_Konig-pt.jpg

SMS König seen at Kiel (4/16/1919)

sopwith-cuckoo.jpg

Sopwith Cuckoo Torpedo Bomber #6954, piloted by Lieutenant Harry Thornton, who sank the German battlecruiser SMS Seydlitz with a single torpedo (this is a photograph of the same aircraft on a practice run, date unknown)
 
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Battleship, Stage Exit left.



Not immediately of course, but at least TTL the argument "no ship has ever been sunk at sea by aircraft" doesn't have to be disproven by Force Z and the Akagi at Midway.
 
Battleship, Stage Exit left.



Not immediately of course, but at least TTL the argument "no ship has ever been sunk at sea by aircraft" doesn't have to be disproven by Force Z and the Akagi at Midway.

I'd argue that the HMS Repulse is a better example.

Still, one wonders how WWII would be different if world militaries learned a few extra lessons in WWI. I'll probably continue this timeline until WWII.

ALSO: There might not be another update for a couple days, just so you know.
 
Yes! Naval Warfare! Glad to see us Yanks at least put up a good fight.

Interesting TL. Can't wait to see how the extended WWI effects the rest of history. Especially if a certain Private Hitler takes a bullet...
 
Repulse was part of Force Z :p

It's not specified where these planes were coming from, so I'm figuring land bases, hence the comparison with Force Z.
 
Repulse was part of Force Z :p

Oh, OK. :eek:

It's not specified where these planes were coming from, so I'm figuring land bases, hence the comparison with Force Z.

Yes, you are correct.

Especially if a certain Private Hitler takes a bullet...

I don't think that will happen, but there will be other butterflies affecting the Nazis' rise to power... I'll give you a hint: bagels.
 
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February 17th, 1919
The destroyer USS Allen
25 miles off the northern coast of France

destroyer.jpg

Chief Petty Officer Kyle Widholm sneezed twice in quick succession.

"Bless you, Kaiser!" returned Corey Zsigmondy, a sailor of the same rank who had long ago bestowed upon the aforementioned torpedo-tube operator the unfortunate moniker of "Kaiser Widholm" but had had to suffer the indignity of being incessantly referred to as "Ziggy."

But both of them had bigger things to worry about. First of all, it was cold. Really fucking cold. Secondly, they were right in the path of a massive column of German battleships and armored cruisers which was steaming towards the tidy little American fleet as they spoke. Thirdly, it was really fucking cold.

Yes, Widholm thought, they were fucked. However, the imposing silhouette of the gigantic battlewagon Florida a hundred yards away was a reassuring sight.

Suddenly there was a call from the bridge. "Target sighted by USS Caldwell!"

The one hundred men on the tin can tensed. The destroyer continued moving forward with the rest of the fleet. After two minutes which felt like years, the sound of gunfire rang out. The Allen, Florida and every ship which Widholm could see began to turn port. He noticed that the Florida's turrets began to train to starboard. Wonderful, he thought. The Allen would be right in between the American and German battleships.

The wind picked up and began blowing away billows of fog. Widholm sneezed. Then he sneezed again, and again, and again, and finally a fifth time.* This time no one gave him a "bless you." He wiped his nose with the sleeve of his uniform and looked up, wondering why everyone was shouting, and hoping that his suspicions wouldn't be confirmed. But they were.

The shapes of large ships were clearly visible off the starboard side of the ship. The Florida's big gun turrets fired in quick succession, and the concussion quickly gave Widholm a headache.

Then the Allen turned starboard and began speeding towards the German fleet. The captain kept the destroyer moving and turning quickly, in big curves and zigzags. The Allen's 4" guns started firing at the nearest German ship, which appeared to be an armored cruiser. During all this time, the bigger ships in front of and behind Widholm's tin can were blasting away incessantly at each other.

German shells began landing around the Allen, making huge splashes. It appeared that the armored cruiser was shooting at them with everything it had, in addition to the secondary guns of a German battleship.

Widholm knew perfectly well what he had to do, and ordered the petty officers and seamen around him to maneuver the torpedo tubes in position for launching a spread.

There was only one triple torpedo launcher, and it was located on the ship's starboard side. The asymmetry had bothered Widholm for a long time.

An armor-piercing shell ripped through the Allen's hull. Another ripped through one of the ship's funnels. After that, a large high explosive round hit the side of the forecastle and detonated, causing the ship to shudder violently. Then the Allen made a hard turn, bringing it frightfully close to the German armored cruiser. Now it was moving alongside it. Widholm could see German seamen and officers running around its Swiss-cheesed superstructure.

"Fire the torpedoes!" roared an officer closer to the bridge. "Clockwise!" Widholm shouted, and crewmen helped him push the launcher into a better position. Widholm triggered two of the tubes, and felt no small relief when the Allen began to turn back towards the fleet. But it was losing speed quickly. A huge shell hit the destroyer's hull just aft of where Widholm was, and the resulting blast knocked Widholm to the ground.

One of the torpedoes struck the enemy cruiser, and a huge fountain of water rose up as the ship seemed to stagger, then slowly list.

Eventually, the Allen began listing to starboard as well. Assuming that the Allen would sink soon, Widholm launched the third torpedo in the general direction of the enemy ships, and hoped none of his commanding officers would notice him scurrying over to the lifeboats. Uh-oh, he thought. Some of them had been smashed by gunfire.

More shells began exploding in and around the ship. The bridge received a direct hit, and the ship's prow began to lift out of the water as the stern sank. "Abandon ship!" called an officer, and many others echoed the same. Widholm began helping deckhands hoist the remaining lifeboats into the water. He crawled inside one of them and helped the others row back towards the American fleet.

Suddenly, a large splash caught him off guard. The Germans were shooting at the lifeboats! He felt a surge of hatred. He decided that their only chance was to turn around and surrender to the enemy fleet, but then he realized that the German ships were turning away (except for the sinking armored cruiser, and a larger ship which was further off in the distance). He looked back at the American ships. Many seemed to be badly damaged. For a moment he thought he saw the prow of a sinking battleship raised high in the air, visible out of the corner of his eye. Before he got a good look at it, fog blew in and the doomed ship was invisible.
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* I sneezed seven times while writing this. That's more than a coincidence, because I have photic sneeze reflex, it was sunny outside, and my computer is near some big windows.

destroyer.jpg
 
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Approximately four years of peacetime technological advancement are achieved in a year of wartime by and large. So if we're pushing into 1919 with World War I still on expect to see early 1920s fighter aircraft begin to appear soon, perhaps even faster given German designs are going to continue apace.

For Germany (also note its introduction of the MP18 may have effects on the front):

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dornier_Do_H
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junkers_J_22

For the UK:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth_Siskin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker_Woodcock

For France:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewoitine_D.1

For Austria:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avia_BH-6

For Italy:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piaggio_P.2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchetti_MVT

For Russia (perhaps selling them as a means of raising capital):

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigorovich_I-2
*I allowed a bit more time difference on this one given the additional mess of the Russian Civil War in the wake of World War I...*

For the US:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Aircraft_Factory_TS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loening_PW-2

Also what's happening in Russia? What about the Italian front and instability in Austria-Hungary? And how many more men can Germany bring back from the East? I'm amazed the economies of the European powers have not collapsed from lack of supplies unless some other minor miracle has occurred since? High morale from a hard drive to Paris still doesn't feed the troops, though if large caches of supplies were captured it would let them survive the winter...
 
From German Merchant Submarines of World War One by Michael Paulding

List of German Merchant Submarines


Name---------------------------Date Completed---------------------------Fate

*Munchen----------------------January 22, 1914-------------------------Decommissioned in 1918, then scrapped
*Stuttgart----------------------May 11, 1914-----------------------------Converted into a U-cruiser in 1918, then sunk in 1918
*Leipzig------------------------November 23, 1915-----------------------Sunk in 1916
*Nuremberg-------------------March 10, 1916----------------------------Converted into a U-cruiser in 1918, survives in a museum
*Hamburg---------------------May 31, 1916------------------------------Converted into a U-cruiser in 1918, scuttled in 1919
*Frankfurt---------------------October 12, 1916--------------------------Sunk in 1917
*Hannover---------------------February 18, 1917------------------------Converted into a U-cruiser in 1918, scuttled in 1919
*Dresden----------------------April 5, 1917-------------------------------Converted into a U-cruiser in 1918, then sunk in 1919
*Berlin-------------------------July 23, 1917------------------------------Converted into a U-cruiser in 1918, then sunk in 1918
*Brandenburg------------------July 30, 1917-----------------------------Interned in US upon declaration of war, scrapped in 1920
*Deutschland------------------September 25, 1917----------------------Converted into a U-cruiser in 1918, then sunk in 1919
*Rheinland---------------------December 3, 1917------------------------Converted into a U-cruiser in 1918, then scuttled in 1919

GermanUBoat.jpg

German postcard showing the Deutschland
and her captain

Submarine-German.jpg

The Nuremberg in Boston in November 1916
 
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Also what's happening in Russia? What about the Italian front and instability in Austria-Hungary? And how many more men can Germany bring back from the East? I'm amazed the economies of the European powers have not collapsed from lack of supplies unless some other minor miracle has occurred since? High morale from a hard drive to Paris still doesn't feed the troops, though if large caches of supplies were captured it would let them survive the winter...

I've considered all of this.

I'll go into more detail later, but Russia ended up mostly the same as OTL, the German economy is stronger for several reasons (U-boat merchants, delayed introduction of US into war which helps them circumvent blockade, no potato blight in 1916... I might just say that the German economic leaders also had bigger supplies of handwavium). The Austro-Hungarian Empire didn't suffer as badly because the Allies devoted more troops to fighting the Germans.

EDIT: For Italian and Macedonian fronts in a nutshell, see the lower part of post #22.
 
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Also please note the Spanish Flu is either imminent or has already hit, if nothing else the warring powers at this point are probably on the verge of peace feelers a la Stockholm in 1916. Otherwise I think there will be notable innovations in batlefield tech (perhaps from that new Central Power of Liechenstein?) and other material with time. The tank list was impressive, but armor development will likely be focused on suspensions and engines before guns. Also if Germany has not figured it out yet it is easier to destroy capital ships from the air than by sea, I would wonder if the Germans are not planning to take out a North Sea fleet the same way the Japanese took out the Prince of Wales in 1942. Also I'm curious about the Petersen device and how it impacts the US, essentially turning an M1903 into a semiautomatic rifle firing .32 ammunition.
 
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