In 1944 it was apparent to the Grand Old Men of the Democratic Party that Franklin Roosevelt was dying. Not wanting his liberal Vice President Henry Wallace to succeed him, the Party pushed him to find a replacement. James Byrnes was an intimate of Roosevelt, a Congressman turned Senator turned War Planner. His Southerness, relative conservatism, and conversion from Catholicism made him suspect in Northern Circles, but after allegations about the machine connections of Senator Truman he became the convention's choice.
As predicted, Roosevelt died, and Byrnes became the New President. He would lead America to victory, defeating g Hitler and then dropping the atom bombs on Japan. At Potsdam he assured Attlee and Stalin the United States would remain vigorously engaged in foreign policy.
But all was not well on the domestic front. Labor unrest spread as the Wartime truce on strikes ended. A brief but sharp recession occured as well, all while the end of price controls sent inflation through the roof. Republicans would seize both houses of Congress for the first time since the Depression in 1946.
Meanwhile Byrnes was infuriating the left flank of the Democratic Party. His increasingly anti-Soviet foreign policy. His rolling back of the already meager civil rights ideas of the prior administration. His failure to press for expansions to the New Deal. And Labor roared as he signed the Taft-Hartley Act into law, permanently hogtying the Unions.
Nonetheless, many still thought the President might have a chance, when the Republicans nominated Robert Taft. Taft was even more conservative than Byrnes, talking of rolling back the New Deal. And Taft was seen as dangerously isolationist by many, despite a moderate, New England running mate.
Wallace was little better on the Foreign Policy front, although he was less opposed to aid going to Europe. But his string of progressive policy proposals. being the only candidate with a good record on the emerging Civil Rights issue, and, above all, the support of Labor gave him momentum aplenty. Even some moderate Republicans were forced to admit his appeal.
Byrnes rightly focused on foreign policy as his plank, and tried to shore up his Northern flank with a New England VP Candidate. but his rather aloof style was not super helpful in the race. Wallace never really had a shot, but was drawing far more from the Democrats than he was any Republican. Liberals in the north sometimes held their noses and voted for Byrnes, held their noses and voted for Wallace, or stayed home. Meanwhile the Conservatives rallied for their man Taft.
In the end, it wasn’t particularly close.
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