I used to use 'bananas', until one day I got curious and read about bananas. Now I use 'chickens', because dudes already know about chickens.
Alternate Wikipedia Infoboxes IV (Do not post Current Politics Here)
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Umm trump played just 11 years...did he got away fast because something(when that is a long career. too custom to almost 20 years one).So, apparently Trump was scouted by the Philadelphia Phillies in his youth...
Uhura's Mazda
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Specifically, the property rights of the Calvert family against the State of Maryland.
Oh. I thought it was referring to one of Maryland's antebellum "industries", as was the code words back in the early 19th.Specifically, the property rights of the Calvert family against the State of Maryland.
Australia's Navy : Death and Rebirth - Bay Class
More than any other service, the Royal Australian Navy suffered greatly during world war three. The only force constantly at the front line, from the day the bombs dropped in 1985 to the final bloody ceasefire in 1987, the RAN's pre war fleet was practically destroyed.
The challenge to replace sunk ships as loses began to mount was great, almost too great for the Australian shipbuilding industry to handle. Shipyards in Australia had been in slow decline for years; during the lead up to the war, a report highlighted Australia's reliance on America and Britain for shipbuilding, pointing out it was a “vulnerability” if supply lines were disrupted, or worse, destroyed. The report was ignored, forgotten, then very quickly remembered when nuclear weapons reduced most of America and Britain to ash.
Through the spring of 1985, soviet submarines began roam the south pacific,attacking shipping seemingly at random; Australia faced the threat of being cut off from what was left of the world. Facing mounting loses, the Australian government announced the Emergency Warship Program: The shipbuilding industry would effectively be written a blank cheque, to build as many warships as possible as quickly as possible. It was hoped the program would spur the industry into a mobilisation similar to that seen during World War Two, with dozens of warships pouring out of revitalised shipyards.
Naturally, it didn't happen that way.
Their were shortages on every level, from heavy engines down to scrap metal. Ships were built with anything available, from engines salvaged from older ships, to world war two era weapons found rusting storage yards. Worse, the shipyards were wracked by inefficiencies, inconsistent work flow, poor quality control and graft,as well as the ever constant threat of industrial action from hostile unions, who were demanding that Australia make peace with the USSR rather than continue fighting.
No class illustrates the infuriating problems Australia had than the Bay class.
The Bay class were supposed to be cheap, simple and easy to build: based on the older River class, they were stripped to the bare requirements of a warship, lacking many sensors above a navigation radar and their sonar array. Such was the shortage in material that their was very little consistency between the ships: their engines, sensors and weapons load-out were all different. Their primary focus was submarine warfare; they carried Ikara missiles, and any other weapon system the navy could scrounge up and bolt on.
The first ship, Botany Bay was laid down in September, 1985; it did not launch till May the next year, and when it did, it was found to be riddled with so many faults as to be almost unusable; the operative word being “almost”. With little choice, the RAN pushed the ship into service, where it became infamous for breakdowns and system failures. By the end of 1986, just five of these ships had (barely) made it into service, a far cry from the “dozens” of cheap ships the navy had hopped for. The “failure” of the Bay class project was so great, that in September 1986 the navy launched an investigation into the program. Then end result was 187 arrests, for everything from fraud, graft and theft, up to sabotage and treason; 16 people were subsequently executed (four of them lynched).
For 1987, the shipbuilders promised they had sorted out the issues that had plagued the first batch of Bay class ships, and that the second batch would be “battle ready”; they also promised that they would build then ships that year. Before they could prove that claim, the Battle of Mount Ararat led to a ceasefire between the US and USSR; Construction of the five “Batch 2” ships were halted, then cancelled; they were un-cancelled two weeks latter, with the decision to rebuild the Batch 2 ships to a higher standard. With the war over, the shipbuilders were given more time; the last batch 2 ship was launched in 1990.
The Batch 2 ships were much more powerful and reliable than the Batch 1, benefiting from increased resources the end of hostilities brought. The Batch 2 standardised the Bay Class weapons fit, and were armed with Ikara missile launchers, a Seacat SAM launcher, 40mm Bofors guns and torpedos, as well as better sensors including an air search radar. In addition, the Batch 2 ships were given aviation facilities, allowing them to carry light helicopters. After the launch of the batch 2 ships, three of the older remaining Batch 1 ships were decommissioned to save funds (one had been lost); the last one, Shark Bay, was rebuilt to the Batch 2 standard.
Six Bay class ships remain in service today, all built to batch 2 standard: Four with the Republic of Australia Navy (Shark Bay, Westernport Bay, Long Bay and Storm Bay) and two with the Republic of New Zealand (Fitzroy Bay and Tasman Bay). It was originally expected that the Bay class would be retired mid decade, 2000 at the latest, but in light of the new threats in the post war world the Bay class are expected to serve till 2010 or beyond. To allow them to better serve in the evolving environment, The Australian Bay class ships were upgraded in 1996 with the Sea Sabre Surface to Air missile system and new fire control systems.
The New Zealand ships were not upgraded; in the wake of the New Zealand Civil War, the two nations are no longer on speaking terms.
More than any other service, the Royal Australian Navy suffered greatly during world war three. The only force constantly at the front line, from the day the bombs dropped in 1985 to the final bloody ceasefire in 1987, the RAN's pre war fleet was practically destroyed.
The challenge to replace sunk ships as loses began to mount was great, almost too great for the Australian shipbuilding industry to handle. Shipyards in Australia had been in slow decline for years; during the lead up to the war, a report highlighted Australia's reliance on America and Britain for shipbuilding, pointing out it was a “vulnerability” if supply lines were disrupted, or worse, destroyed. The report was ignored, forgotten, then very quickly remembered when nuclear weapons reduced most of America and Britain to ash.
Through the spring of 1985, soviet submarines began roam the south pacific,attacking shipping seemingly at random; Australia faced the threat of being cut off from what was left of the world. Facing mounting loses, the Australian government announced the Emergency Warship Program: The shipbuilding industry would effectively be written a blank cheque, to build as many warships as possible as quickly as possible. It was hoped the program would spur the industry into a mobilisation similar to that seen during World War Two, with dozens of warships pouring out of revitalised shipyards.
Naturally, it didn't happen that way.
Their were shortages on every level, from heavy engines down to scrap metal. Ships were built with anything available, from engines salvaged from older ships, to world war two era weapons found rusting storage yards. Worse, the shipyards were wracked by inefficiencies, inconsistent work flow, poor quality control and graft,as well as the ever constant threat of industrial action from hostile unions, who were demanding that Australia make peace with the USSR rather than continue fighting.
No class illustrates the infuriating problems Australia had than the Bay class.
The Bay class were supposed to be cheap, simple and easy to build: based on the older River class, they were stripped to the bare requirements of a warship, lacking many sensors above a navigation radar and their sonar array. Such was the shortage in material that their was very little consistency between the ships: their engines, sensors and weapons load-out were all different. Their primary focus was submarine warfare; they carried Ikara missiles, and any other weapon system the navy could scrounge up and bolt on.
The first ship, Botany Bay was laid down in September, 1985; it did not launch till May the next year, and when it did, it was found to be riddled with so many faults as to be almost unusable; the operative word being “almost”. With little choice, the RAN pushed the ship into service, where it became infamous for breakdowns and system failures. By the end of 1986, just five of these ships had (barely) made it into service, a far cry from the “dozens” of cheap ships the navy had hopped for. The “failure” of the Bay class project was so great, that in September 1986 the navy launched an investigation into the program. Then end result was 187 arrests, for everything from fraud, graft and theft, up to sabotage and treason; 16 people were subsequently executed (four of them lynched).
For 1987, the shipbuilders promised they had sorted out the issues that had plagued the first batch of Bay class ships, and that the second batch would be “battle ready”; they also promised that they would build then ships that year. Before they could prove that claim, the Battle of Mount Ararat led to a ceasefire between the US and USSR; Construction of the five “Batch 2” ships were halted, then cancelled; they were un-cancelled two weeks latter, with the decision to rebuild the Batch 2 ships to a higher standard. With the war over, the shipbuilders were given more time; the last batch 2 ship was launched in 1990.
The Batch 2 ships were much more powerful and reliable than the Batch 1, benefiting from increased resources the end of hostilities brought. The Batch 2 standardised the Bay Class weapons fit, and were armed with Ikara missile launchers, a Seacat SAM launcher, 40mm Bofors guns and torpedos, as well as better sensors including an air search radar. In addition, the Batch 2 ships were given aviation facilities, allowing them to carry light helicopters. After the launch of the batch 2 ships, three of the older remaining Batch 1 ships were decommissioned to save funds (one had been lost); the last one, Shark Bay, was rebuilt to the Batch 2 standard.
Six Bay class ships remain in service today, all built to batch 2 standard: Four with the Republic of Australia Navy (Shark Bay, Westernport Bay, Long Bay and Storm Bay) and two with the Republic of New Zealand (Fitzroy Bay and Tasman Bay). It was originally expected that the Bay class would be retired mid decade, 2000 at the latest, but in light of the new threats in the post war world the Bay class are expected to serve till 2010 or beyond. To allow them to better serve in the evolving environment, The Australian Bay class ships were upgraded in 1996 with the Sea Sabre Surface to Air missile system and new fire control systems.
The New Zealand ships were not upgraded; in the wake of the New Zealand Civil War, the two nations are no longer on speaking terms.
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