Read and Comment: Korean War timeline

June 1950: quick escalation of skirmishes around North-South Korea border; pre-organized North Korean offensive executed; South Korean soldiers fight valiantly and are able to stem some efforts of North Korean military(KPA); US starts sending troops due to UNSC resolution 82

July 1950: start of making Nakdong defensive line; South Korean and American troops try best to slow North Korean progress; MacArthur warns Kim Il-sung of atrocities caused by KPA will be his responsibility

August: China prepares with Soviet Union against US forces north of NK border; stretched supply lines for KPA troops; America prepares for next major assault

September: Battle of Inchon; MacArthur is shot in the head on 17th September by North Korean marksman while inspecting some tanks; UN troops, led by South Korea, reach Pyongyang and dig in deep there

October: Although disagreed by Rhee, UN makes de facto ceasefire treaty with NK, China and Russia; Mao, finding no short-term danger from the Americans in Korean peninsula, redeploy troops to Taiwan Strait area; demarcation of DMZ and stationing UN troops along border

November: South Korean troops turn to mountains and remove North Korean guerrilla troops; major exchange of POWs in Pyongyang's Taedong Bridge; American aid supply South Korea with military supplies

December: Kim Il-sung, emboldened by false reports that the guerrilla forces in SK are faring well, prepare for major assault on South Korea and remobilize; Mao warns Kim of preemptive attack against SK with no avail

January 1951: Kim Il-sung leads Second Korean War, Soviet-supplied KPA easily fight into defensive line, capturing some UN divisions and slaughtering them; Rhee, with support from US, sends SK troops into NK territory

February 1952: vicious battles ensue; Rhee reaffirms agreement with UN that it will only infringe territory controlled by NK; UN-Korea troops get used to KPA's night and mountain tactics; Kim and NK elite evacuate to China

March: SK troops reach Yalu and Tumen rivers; Kim asks for Yanbian and instead receives three hots and a cot, soon to die of "natural causes"; isolated troops fight to the death in Kaema Plateau, some escape to Yanbian; end of Korean War on Easter Sunday(Note: the war also started on a Sunday).
This is a Korean War TL with POD Macarthur being shot dead during the Battle of Seoul. The UN-led forces make a defensive line along the Taedong river, the NK launches its final attack and are slaughtered. Due to absence of Macarthur (who will replace him?), China does not feel threatened and decides not to intervene.
Your obligation in this thread is to
i) comment on how flawed this TL is and give data that can make this TL more constructive
ii) consider the ramifications of the non-stalemate Korean War, on a global, Cold-war scale
iii) state whether you will watch this TL if it is made into one
I hope my TL isn't too ASB, though....:(
 
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This is a Korean War TL with POD Macarthur being shot dead during the Battle of Seoul. The UN-led forces make a defensive line along the Taedong river, the NK launches its final attack and are slaughtered. Due to absence of Macarthur (who will replace him?), China does not feel threatened and decides not to intervene.
Your obligation in this thread is to
i) comment on how flawed this TL is and give data that can make this TL more constructive
ii) consider the ramifications of the non-stalemate Korean War, on a global, Cold-war scale
iii) state whether you will watch this TL if it is made into one
I hope my TL isn't too ASB, though....:(

i) Actually I think the POD could easily lead to a Korean War where there is no Chinese intervention, just a defeat of North Korea. The exact details, well it depends if the UN stop line mentioned is actually a reasonable defence line on the ground and not just one that looks good on a really large scale map from Tokyo.

ii) Other than the US & allies never having gone to war with China? Well that is major, a lot of people will live who did not, and then there is the cultural effect. There seems to have been more fear of the Chinese in the post-Korean War to Vietnam War United States then of the Soviets, at least as reflected by popular media. The science fiction of the era in particular keeps harping on the theme that the USSR could be dealt with in one way or another but the Chinese are still there and impossible to finish off. The fear and lack of confidence involved must have affected policy on a broader basis.

Various NATO allies - Britain, France, Turkey - are not stuck with the expenditure and casualties from a drawn out war, and since most of them desperately needed the money to rebuild after WWII that may help their economies.

Would Eisenhower be elected in 1952 without the need for a president seen as capable of ending the drawn out agony? If not then you also do not get his support of the NAACP including sending a battalion of the 101st Airborne to Alabama to face off against Governor Wallace over admission of Negroes to higher education. How does that affect the 1960's?

Also Eisenhower actually lowered defence spending to 'enough to deter and not a penny more' while relying on CIA intervention and inventing the Interstate Highway program. Officers of the era talk about the US Army being a 'hollow shell'. How would a 1950's US that was economically weaker but militarily stronger and more confident behave? Where overt military force replaces 'the CIA overthrew the government' as an excuse for hating Americans in Iran, Latin America etc?

iii) Yes I will be watching this.
 
The big problem is that in 2013, we've got the hindsight that Kim Il- Sung had no intentions whatsoever of sharing power with Syngman Rhee, and with the backing of both China and Russia, felt he couldn't lose.

AFAIK, the US and USSR agreed to separate occupation zones without consulting the Koreans under trusteeship 1945-1950.

The US figured they could lightly arm the ROK Army with surplus Japanese hardware as a defensive police army, rather than combined-arms juggernaut that the NKPA became.
The US hoped a plebescite would unite the occupation zones w/o the need for combat troops supervising.
Also Dean Acheson, US Sec State $%^&'d up not putting Korea under the Asian Defense Perimeter.

The US didn't count on the KMT losing the Chinese Civil War and the Chinese Communists having a Korean nationalist firebrand (Kim Il-Sung) and followers eager to reclaim their homeland from a bunch of "Japanese collaborationist stooges".
Both the Soviets and Chinese wanted Korea be a friendly-to-neutral vassal state and had mountains of surplus arms and materiel to arm the NKPA.

YMMDV whether Rhee would've:
(a) won the plebescite;
(b) accepted a flood of KMT refugees;
(c) indulged their beefs with the Communists;
(d) built an effective army when Korea was flat-broke and beat-up after WWII.

Now, your POD of Mac catching a sniper's bullet butterflies the over-aggressive threatening of China that prompted the PRC's Yalu offensive.

A better POD IMO is no Red Scare and thus no purge of the Dixie Section of State Dep and OSS that liaised with the CCP extensively.
With Dixie's people still around, you had China hands whom the CCP trusted and could work with to set boundaries both the US and PRC could live with.

Say Dixie's people get Truman to recognize the PRC in 1949 as China's government and a package of economic aid to China get back on its collective feet. That butterflies the PRC and US being at odds and the PRC relying on Soviet aid to recover from WWII.
No Korean War in that scenario. Also I'd say, no Great Leap Backward.

You might have a worse Cultural Revolution though as Mao and the middle Party members diverge about the proper direction of China or Lin Bao manages to purge Mao. Lotsa butterflies with that.

I'd argue that with the US and China closer, the border disputes with the Soviets could be more of a flashpoint to nuclear war.

Say the US also manages to recognize the Viet Minh as the legitimate government of Vietnam as Indochina partitions in 1954 or earlier w/o extensive US military aid to the French.
No Vietnam war either.

So you butterfly the two big traumas of US involvement in the Cold War.
Dulles' ideas about containment and so forth that justified propping up unpopular regimes with money, weapons, and CIA "assistance".

How the US addresses decolonialization and is perceived by many is vastly different with these POD's.

The nature of the NATO relationship if it exists, would be vastly different.

The British and French were both massively butthurt IOTL about Suez.
Imagine how that would've been if the US really meant for a democratic decolonization to happen in Asia and Africa from 1945 on.
 
I think the TL could be made better if we nail down when exactly in September, MacArthur is killed. This will help determine who replaces him initially.

Ridgeway is already a contender, though Walker is already in the theater and may be given overall control. Perhaps in TTL the Inchon offensive and the breakout from the Pusan Perimeter are more coordinated leading to fewer NKPA forces successfully retreating. Without MacArthur's focus on seizing Seoul for propaganda purposes this is certainly a possibility. Blair's book The Forgotten War would be certainly instructive.

If the NKPA is even more devastated than OTL, the UN forces may be able to draw the line well north of the Taedong river, perhaps on a line running from Anju to Hungnam (where the British wanted to stop in OTL).
 
I think the TL could be made better if we nail down when exactly in September, MacArthur is killed. This will help determine who replaces him initially.
Macarthur will be killed on the 17th. Is that enough data or do you need the time also?;)
 
There's no way Mao or any Chinese leader will cede a portion of China for any reason, let alone to someone who is reckless and disobedient. Expect Kim Il Sung to suffer an unfortunate accident while in comfortable exile in Beijing instead.
 
There's no way Mao or any Chinese leader will cede a portion of China for any reason, let alone to someone who is reckless and disobedient. Expect Kim Il Sung to suffer an unfortunate accident while in comfortable exile in Beijing instead.
an "unfortunate accident".....:D:D
 
One more time. Does anybody want to comment on this TL right here?:D
OK.
June 1950: quick escalation of skirmishes around North-South Korea border; pre-organized North Korean offensive executed; South Korean soldiers fight valiantly and are able to stem some efforts of North Korean military(KPA); US starts sending troops due to UNSC resolution 82

July 1950: start of making Nakdong defensive line; South Korean and American troops try best to slow North Korean progress; MacArthur warns Kim Il-sung of atrocities caused by KPA will be his responsibility

August: China prepares with Soviet Union against US forces north of NK border; stretched supply lines for KPA troops; America prepares for next major assault

September: Battle of Inchon; MacArthur is shot in the head on 17th September by North Korean marksman
while inspecting some tanks;
Did Mac ever actually visit Korea? I suppose he did... Him getting up in the front lines is in character; he did it several times during WW II.

Anyway, this is the PoD, right?

UN troops, led by South Korea, reach Pyongyang and dig in deep there

Say what?

There will not be a ROK commander of the UN forces.

Nor is it practical for ROK forces to be in the lead. They don't have the mechanization, they don't have the troop quality, they don't have the logistical organization, they don't have the supplies. The ROK has just been stomped on and run over. They have hung on and are fighting remarkably well, considering. But it's basically all they can do to field reasonably effective leg infantry that can hold ground or walk forward. OK, a few small elite units, but very small.


October: Although disagreed by Rhee, UN makes ceasefire treaty with NK, China and Russia; Mao, finding no short-term danger from the Americans in Korean peninsula, transport troops to Taiwan Strait area; demarcation of DMZ and stationing UN troops along border
Why does Kim agree to a cease fire when he's not being exterminated?

If the UN is not going to push up to the Yalu, Kim is just going to try to rebuild there and leave the front in place - a de facto cease fire, but not de jure.

And are there no Chinese forces over the Yalu?

November: South Korean troops turn to mountains and remove North Korean guerrilla troops; major exchange of POWs in Pyongyang's Taedong Bridge; American aid supply South Korea with military supplies
The US has been supplying the ROK for months. Remember that Korea isn't a fully developed country and that nearly all of the south was overrun by the NorKs, who IIRC wrecked everything they didn't steal. ROK can't provision its forces.

December: Kim Il-sung, emboldened by false reports that the guerrilla forces in SK are faring well, prepare for major assault on South Korea and remobilize; Mao warns Kim of preemptive attack against SK with no avail

January 1951: Kim Il-sung leads Second Korean War, Soviet-supplied KPA easily fight into defensive line, capturing multiple UN divisions and slaughtering them; Rhee, with support from US, sends SK troops into NK territory

I don't see this. Fool me once, shame on you. Fool me twice, shame on me.

Are the UN forces going to be so slack, only a few months after a NorK sneak attack, that they get caught sleeping by a second NorK sneak attack? And get all beat up by weaker NorK forces despite being much stronger themselves?

Because there is no way that Kim can rebuild his army to anything like its prewar strength in a few months in half the country, and there are a lot more UN troops now than there were US troops in June 1950,

February 1952: vicious battles ensue; Rhee reaffirms agreement with UN that it will only infringe territory controlled by NK; UN-Korea troops get used to KPA's night and mountain tactics; Kim and NK elite evacuate to China

March: SK troops reach Yalu and Tumen rivers; Kim asks for and receives Yanbian, making it the Autonomous People's Region of Korea; isolated troops fight to the death in Kaema Plateau, some escape to Yanbian; end of Korean War on Easter Sunday(Note: the war also started on a Sunday).
What others said: Mao isn't giving Kim anything except maybe three hots and a cot.



Knock-ons.

United, peaceful Korea will be economically much bigger than OTL; possibly equal to Germany.

No one is scared of the PLA.

Major repercussions for Vietnam. Possibly North Vietnam decides not to send NVA regulars into the South. It would justify a US/SVN invasion of the North, which is not deterred by Chinese threat; NVN decides not to risk it.

The 1952 US election is different - Truman doesn't have Korea as a millstone. Maybe he runs again.
 
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Without China intervening in Korea, the US could be more aggressive in Vietnam and maybe try to capture Hanoi.
 
Without China intervening in Korea, the US could be more aggressive in Vietnam and maybe try to capture Hanoi.

???But why??? The US isn't even involved in Indochina at this stage.

If China doesn't intervene in Korea, it's probably because a secret deal was done with the US, where the US will recognize the PRC and stop supporting Chiang on Taiwan in exchange for an immediate Sino-Soviet Split. It will be a far greater diplomatic victory than Nixon's 1972 visit, since the Communist Bloc is irreversibly split.
 
???But why??? The US isn't even involved in Indochina at this stage.

If China doesn't intervene in Korea, it's probably because a secret deal was done with the US, where the US will recognize the PRC and stop supporting Chiang on Taiwan in exchange for an immediate Sino-Soviet Split. It will be a far greater diplomatic victory than Nixon's 1972 visit, since the Communist Bloc is irreversibly split.

Directly no, but France is fighting Viet Minh. The United States is providing arms to the French. If things go as OTL, and the US intervene in Vietnam, the US could be trying to go for a knockout punch. Instead of getting involved in a long, drawn out affair, the US can try and capture Hanoi. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I heard before the US didn't try to capture Hanoi, fearing a Chinese response.
 
Directly no, but France is fighting Viet Minh. The United States is providing arms to the French. If things go as OTL, and the US intervene in Vietnam, the US could be trying to go for a knockout punch. Instead of getting involved in a long, drawn out affair, the US can try and capture Hanoi. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I heard before the US didn't try to capture Hanoi, fearing a Chinese response.

But a China-US rapprochement would totally change the balance of power in Indochina. A US government savvy enough to convince Mao to backstab Stalin is savvy enough to end support for France and switch recognition to the Viet Minh. In one stroke the US now dominates Asia at the USSR's expense, without firing a shot.
 

Pangur

Donor
Directly no, but France is fighting Viet Minh. The United States is providing arms to the French. If things go as OTL, and the US intervene in Vietnam, the US could be trying to go for a knockout punch. Instead of getting involved in a long, drawn out affair, the US can try and capture Hanoi. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I heard before the US didn't try to capture Hanoi, fearing a Chinese response.

On the other hand if the US tell the French to let lost (maybe after Suez) they may be able to patch things up with the Viet Minh, accept the socialist state that will be Vietnam in this T/L but gain an ally with a border with China. It is not that far fetched as the Vietnamese have no love the Chinese
 
OK.
Did Mac ever actually visit Korea? I suppose he did... Him getting up in the front lines is in character; he did it several times during WW II.
Anyway, this is the PoD, right?
yes, that is the POD. ITTL, the North korean marksman has more luck and shoots MacArthur in the face.
Say what?
There will not be a ROK commander of the UN forces.
Nor is it practical for ROK forces to be in the lead. They don't have the mechanization, they don't have the troop quality, they don't have the logistical organization, they don't have the supplies. The ROK has just been stomped on and run over. They have hung on and are fighting remarkably well, considering. But it's basically all they can do to field reasonably effective leg infantry that can hold ground or walk forward. OK, a few small elite units, but very small.
In multiple sources, it states that after the landing in Inchon the ROK forces were "gaining territory so fast the UN forces were behind them". This is what I meant. Maybe a bit bigger than small elite units, but as you stated probably not the bulk of the ROK army.

Why does Kim agree to a cease fire when he's not being exterminated?
If the UN is not going to push up to the Yalu, Kim is just going to try to rebuild there and leave the front in place - a de facto cease fire, but not de jure.
And are there no Chinese forces over the Yalu?
Sure, it will be a de facto ceasefire- but I do not know how that will be stated in a treaty. the Korean Armistice Agreement seems a good model to go after.
After the treaty is signed, I tried to mean that the amassed Chinese forces will be back to normal state, with no large army units right on the opposite bank of the Yalu.

The US has been supplying the ROK for months. Remember that Korea isn't a fully developed country and that nearly all of the south was overrun by the NorKs, who IIRC wrecked everything they didn't steal. ROK can't provision its forces.
I do not understand what you meant by this. Not that I dont agree, I just dont know what you mean and would need some explanation. What I tried to emphasize here is that, on the ruins of the Korean War, the US was using all its supplies to help the South Koreans both economically stable and militarily self-sustainable in the long run. The supplies that helped the Japanese boom IOTL is being used in South Korea ITTL.

I don't see this. Fool me once, shame on you. Fool me twice, shame on me.
Are the UN forces going to be so slack, only a few months after a NorK sneak attack, that they get caught sleeping by a second NorK sneak attack? And get all beat up by weaker NorK forces despite being much stronger themselves?
Because there is no way that Kim can rebuild his army to anything like its prewar strength in a few months in half the country, and there are a lot more UN troops now than there were US troops in June 1950,
IOTL, the guerrilla troops in ROK asked Kim for supplies and help. Too often the message simply did not arrive and was misinterpreted. Due to the complicated matter of decoding, interpretation and comprehension, it was not a stretch to imagine what would've happened if Kim falsely thought his guerrilla forces were doing well and were recruiting large numbers of South Koreans under its wing.
I would know, my grandmother's family almost went with the guerrilla forces into the mountains believing they would win.
Why Kim believed he should attack as soon as possible was because, with the Chinese and Soviets supporting from behind, he should try to make negotiations more to his favour and gain territory at least to the 38th parallel. And try to make this possible by having a large number of UN forces as POW. ITTL with delayed negotiations the NorKs kill all their POW, causing enrage and casus belli for the ROK forces to attack into North Korea. The original US forces that fought in Korea had left, as the US president wanted "the American boys to come back home".

What others said: Mao isn't giving Kim anything except maybe three hots and a cot.
sure. bad luck losing for Kim, then.

Knock-ons.

United, peaceful Korea will be economically much bigger than OTL; possibly equal to Germany.
No one is scared of the PLA.
Major repercussions for Vietnam. Possibly North Vietnam decides not to send NVA regulars into the South. It would justify a US/SVN invasion of the North, which is not deterred by Chinese threat; NVN decides not to risk it.
The 1952 US election is different - Truman doesn't have Korea as a millstone. Maybe he runs again.
Could ITTL be economically on par with IOTL Japan?
Also, how could a different Korean war change Chinese politics? would it be able to avert the Cultural Revolution?
What would Chiang Kai-shek do about a situation like this, where his ally (Rhee) successfully won the war? Would he try again to attack mainland China?
Connecting the thing about no Chinese forces at the Yalu. Would this mean an earlier Sino-Soviet split or no? Would this mean an earlier Sino-Soviet border conflict?
Thanks for your help in analyzing this timeline. Anyone else who wants to comment?:D:D
 
Sure, it will be a de facto ceasefire- but I do not know how that will be stated in a treaty.

There may be a de facto truce of sorts, but nothing in writing. Kim isn't going to sign, and China isn't engaged, so they have nothing to say about it.

I do not understand what you meant by this.

You wrote "The US is supplying South Korea" as if this was a new point in the chronology.
Why Kim believed he should attack as soon as possible was because, with the Chinese and Soviets supporting from behind, he should try to make negotiations more to his favour and gain territory at least to the 38th parallel.
Yabbut why does his second attack succeed at all? The UN/ROK forces are much stronger than at the start of the war, the NorK forces are much weaker, and the UN/ROK forces are not going to be surprised at all.

Could ITTL be economically on par with IOTL Japan?

No, Japan is a much larger country, which was more developed. OTL Japan's GDP is $4.5T, compared to $1.6T for South Korea, and $3.1T for Germany. Added land area, added popuiation, reduced damage and loss of life in the war (Seoul only gets overrun once), reduced defense burder over the next 60 years. I think 50% larger is very likely, and more is probable. $2.5T would be #6, ahead of Russia, France, Britain, Brazil, and Italy.

What would Chiang Kai-shek do about a situation like this, where his ally (Rhee) successfully won the war? Would he try again to attack mainland China?

Rhee didn't win the war, the UN did. Chiang faces far worse odds and has no outside support. He won't start anything; neither will Mao.
 
There may be a de facto truce of sorts, but nothing in writing. Kim isn't going to sign, and China isn't engaged, so they have nothing to say about it.
okay, you mean there wouldn't be a written consent. how about this as edited version?
for North Korea:
1. has much POWs captured within South Korea
2. Kim believes that, with the troops back in North Korea, he can resupply them with Soviet/Chinese help and send them back to the front
3. decides to make de facto truce
for the UN forces:
1. Macarthur has died now, new replacement has much conservative views
2. does not want China to intervene in Korea and decides to build defensive line around Taedong river-Hamheung line
3. decides to make de facto truce

You wrote "The US is supplying South Korea" as if this was a new point in the chronology.
okay.

Yabbut why does his second attack succeed at all? The UN/ROK forces are much stronger than at the start of the war, the NorK forces are much weaker, and the UN/ROK forces are not going to be surprised at all.
no, he does not succeed. but he did have the upper hand for a brief moment because of the nature of preemptive attacks. remember, what he tried to do was not attack all the way to original boundaries but make future ceasefire talks in his favour by capturing as much POW as possible.

No, Japan is a much larger country, which was more developed. OTL Japan's GDP is $4.5T, compared to $1.6T for South Korea, and $3.1T for Germany. Added land area, added popuiation, reduced damage and loss of life in the war (Seoul only gets overrun once), reduced defense burder over the next 60 years. I think 50% larger is very likely, and more is probable. $2.5T would be #6, ahead of Russia, France, Britain, Brazil, and Italy.
Japan had a large population only because they experienced a population boom during the 1960s, with large US economic aid. This does not happen with a shorter Korean war. If Korea decides to accept the large Chinese immigration that would arise during the Chinese Civil War, there will be an even larger population basis for Korea to start out with; a larger economic support from the US also helps. I'm supposing about $3.5T for a united Korea.

Rhee didn't win the war, the UN did. Chiang faces far worse odds and has no outside support. He won't start anything; neither will Mao.
perhaps. but there will be more tense cross-strait relations, with both nations becoming extremely aggressive. With a united Korea, China would also be more agressive in its support for communist revolutions in Southeast Asia; namely, Indonesia and Vietnam.
 
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