I'd like to propose a collaborative effort by the AH.com community to come up with some kind of consensus as to the likely identities of the unknown presidential and vice presidential candidates for the US and CS in TL-191. Turtledove's novels (i.e., the "canon") are the primary source for this information but are severely lacking in details. Craigo attempted to remedy this with TL-191: Filling the Gaps, but there are still many gaps to fill. Here I've listed the candidates from the canon and suggested by Craigo, along with a bunch of question marks. (I've also referred to Arkhangelsk's suggestions as to certain presidential death dates.)
So, TL-191 enthusiasts and knowledgeable history folks, let's get some suggestions in and discussion going as to the most plausible candidates to fill out the list below.
For the sake of completeness, I've also listed the candidates from David bar Elias's TL-191: After the End. While there are question marks there, too, we will leave these to David to fill.
~~~~~~
CS Presidential Elections 1867-1939
(From TL-191 canon and TL-191: Filling the Gaps by Craigo)
1867: P.G.T. Beauregard (W-LA)/James Seddon (?-VA) def. Robert M.T. Hunter (?-VA)/Richard Taylor (?-LA), Robert E. Lee (?-VA)/[various] (?)
[Note: Though Craigo suggests the CS Whig Party was formed during Longstreet's presidency, the books indicate every CS president up to Featherston was a Whig]
1873: Fitzhugh Lee (W-VA)/[various] (?) def. Braxton Bragg (?-?)/John Goode (?-VA), James Chesnut (?-SC)/Henry S. Foote (?-MS), Zebulon Vance (?-NC)/Herschel V. Johnson (?-GA), Joseph Emerson Brown (?-GA)/Thomas A.R. Nelson (?-TN)
[Note: No majority in the EC; Congress selected Lee as president and Foote as VP]
1879: James Longstreet (W-GA)/Lucius Q.C. Lamar (?-MS) def. Joseph Emerson Brown (?-GA)/Isham Harris (?-TN), John Hunt Morgan (?-KY)/John S. Barbour, Jr. (?-VA)
1885: ? (W-?)/? (W-?) def. ? (?-?)/? (?-?)
[Note: Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson was suggested by Craigo as the winning candidate, but given his disdain for politics, it's highly improbable that he would run for president]
1891: States Rights Gist (W-SC)/? (W-?) def. ? (?-?)/? (?-?)
1897: Robert Love Taylor (W-TN)/? (W-?) def. ? (?-?)/? (?-?)
1903: Champ Clark (W-KY)/? (W-?) def. Thomas E. Watson (RL-GA)/? (RL-?)
1909: Woodrow Wilson (W-VA)/Gabriel Semmes* (W-AL) def. Thomas E. Watson (RL-GA)/? (RL-?)
1915: Gabriel Semmes* (W-AL)/? (W-?) def. Doroteo Arango (RL-CH)/? (RL-?)
1921: Wade Hampton V* (W-SC)/Charles Burton Mitchel III* (W-AR) def. Jake Featherston* (F-VA)/Ferdinand Koenig* (F-?), Ainsworth Layne* (RL-?)/? (RL-?)
[Note 1: Turtledove Wiki indicates Koenig's home state is VA, but this doesn't make sense because Featherston is from VA]
[Note 2: Hampton is assassinated June 15 (uncertain exactly when; date suggested here), 1922; Mitchel becomes president]
1927: Charles Burton Mitchel III* (W-AR)/? (W-?) def. Jake Featherston* (F-VA)/Ferdinand Koenig* (F-?), ? (RL-?)/? (RL-?)
1933: Jake Featherston* (F-VA)/Willy Knight* (F-TX) def. Cordell Hull (RL-TN)/Huey Long (RL-LA), Samuel Longstreet* (W-VA)/Hugo Black (W-AL)
[Note: Knight was removed from office at some date in 1939]
1939: Jake Featherston* (F-VA)/Don Partridge* (F-TN) def. ? (RL-?)/? (RL-?), ? (W-?)/?(W-?)
[Note: Featherston is killed July 7, 1944; Partridge becomes president; CSA surrenders and presidency abolished July 14, 1944]
~~~~~~
US Presidential Elections 1864-1944
(From TL-191 canon and TL-191: Filling the Gaps by Craigo)
1864: Horatio Seymour (D-NY)/George Pendleton (D-OH) def. Abraham Lincoln (R-IL)/Hannibal Hamlin (R-ME)
1868: Thomas A. Hendricks (D-IN)/Joel Parker (D-NJ) def. Benjamin G. Brown (R-MO)/Frederick Frelinghuysen (R-NJ)
1872: George W. Woodward (D-PA)/Samuel S. Cox (D-OH) def. Thomas A. Scott (R-PA)/Benjamin Butler (R-MA)
[Note: Woodward dies in office on May 10, 1875 (his OTL death date); Cox becomes president]
1876: Samuel J. Tilden (D-NY)/Henry B. Payne (D-OH) def. Roscoe Conkling (R-NY)/James F. Wilson (R-IA)
1880: James G. Blaine (R-ME)/J. Donald Cameron (R-PA) def. Samuel J. Tilden (D-NY)/Henry B. Payne (D-OH)
1884: ? (D-?)/? (D-?) def. James G. Blaine (R-ME)/? (R-?), ? (S-?)/? (S-?)
[Note: Lincoln was suggested by Craigo as the Socialist candidate, but his running seems very unlikely and would have been mentioned in the later books]
1888: Thomas B. Reed (D-ME)/? (D-?) def. James Garfield (R-OH)/Joseph Medill (R-IL), ? (S-?)/? (S-?)
1892: Thomas B. Reed (D-ME)/? (D-?) def. John Sherman (R-OH)/Justin Morrill (R-VT), Edward Bellamy (S-MA)/? (S-?)
1896: Alfred T. Mahan (D-NY)/? (D-?) def. Benjamin Harrison (R-IN)/? (R-?), ? (S-?)/Terence Powderly (S-PA)
[Note: William Jennings Bryan was originally suggested by Craigo as the Socialist presidential candidate, but was later designated a Republican]
1900: Alfred T. Mahan (D-NY)/? (D-?) def. John Hay (R-?)/? (R-?), ? (S-?)/Jacob S. Coxey (S-OH)
[Note 1: Mahan and Reed's terms are flipped in order from that listed in the Turtledove Wiki]
[Note 2: William Jennings Bryan was originally suggested by Craigo as the Socialist presidential candidate, but was later designated a Republican]
1904: Nelson Aldrich (D-RI)/? (D-?) def. William McKinley (R-OH)/? (R-?), Robert M. La Follette (S-WI)/Myron Zuckerman* (S-NY)
[Note: Zuckerman was suggested by Craigo as La Follette's running mate, but this dubious as nothing was mentioned of it in the books]
1908: Nelson Aldrich (D-RI)/? (D-?) def. Philander Knox (R-PA)/? (R-?), Tom L. Johnson (S-OH)/Emil Seidel (S-WI)
[Note: May have been Debs who ran for the Socialists in 1908]
1912: Theodore Roosevelt (D-NY)/Walter McKenna* (D-PA) def. Gilbert Hitchcock (R-NE)/? (R-?), Eugene V. Debs (S-IN)/? (S-?)
[Note: Craigo suggested his fictional character Douglas Steffens as Debs's running mate]
1916: Theodore Roosevelt (D-NY)/Walter McKenna* (D-PA) def. James Eli Watson (R-IN)/? (R-?), Eugene V. Debs (S-IN)/Joseph Guffey (S-PA)
1920: Upton Sinclair (S-NJ)/Hosea Blackford* (S-DA) def. Theodore Roosevelt (D-NY)/Walter McKenna* (D-PA), Robert McCormick (R-IL)/? (R-?)
[Note: Canon implies but doesn't confirm McKenna is TR's running mate again; Craigo suggested William Allen White (D-KS) instead of McKenna]
1924: Upton Sinclair (S-NJ)/Hosea Blackford* (S-DA) def. James M. Cox (D-OH)/John W. Davis (D-WV), Frank Lowden (R-IL)/? (R-?)
1928: Hosea Blackford* (S-DA)/Hiram Johnson (S-CA) def. Calvin Coolidge (D-MA)/Amos Pinchot (D-?), James Eli Watson (R-IN)/? (R-?)
1932: Calvin Coolidge (D-MA)/Herbert Hoover (D-CA) def. Hanford MacNider (R-IA)/? (R-?), Hosea Blackford* (S-DA)/Hiram Johnson (S-CA)
[Note: Coolidge dies on January 5, 1933, before inauguration; Hoover becomes president]
1936: Al Smith (S-NY)/Charles W. La Follette* (S-WI) def. Herbert Hoover (D-CA)/William Borah (D-ID), Arthur Vandenberg (R-MI)/? (R-?)
1940: Al Smith (S-NY)/Charles W. La Follette* (S-WI) def. Robert Taft (D-OH)/Henry Styles Bridges (D-NH), Wendell Willkie (R-IN)/? (R-?)
[Note 1: Smith is killed on March 27 (uncertain exactly when; date suggested here), 1942; La Follette becomes president]
[Note 2: Alf Landon was (offhandedly) suggested by Craigo as a running mate for Willkie]
1944: Thomas Dewey (D-NY)/Harry Truman (D-MO) def. Harold Stassen (R-MN)/? (R-?), Charles W. La Follette* (S-WI)/Jim Curley (S-MA)
~~~~~~
US Presidential Elections 1948-present
(From TL-191: After the End by David bar Elias)
1948: Thomas Dewey (D-NY)/Harry Truman (D-MO) def. Harold Stassen (R-MN)/Smith Altrock^ (R-CA), Henry Wallace (S-IA)/Rexford Tugwell (S-NY)
1952: Harry Truman (D-MO)/Irving Morrell* (D-KS) def. Harold Stassen (R-MN)/Cecil Schneider II^ (R-IL), Adlai Stevenson II (S-IL)/Earl Warren (S-CA)
1956: Harry Truman (D-MO)/Irving Morrell* (D-KS) def. Harold Stassen (R-MN)/John Hoyland^ (R-NE), William Averell Harriman (S-NY)/Basil O'Connor (S-MA)
1960: Hubert Humphrey (S-MN)/Warren Magnuson (S-WA) def. John W. Bricker (D-OH)/Nicholas Peterson^ (D-PA), Harold Stassen (R-MN)/William Ward^ (R-IN)
1964: Hubert Humphrey (S-MN)/Warren Magnuson (S-WA) def. Henry Cabot Lodge (D-MA)/Benjamin Cooper^ (D-MI), Walter Judd (R-MN)/Garrett Schuster^ (R-NE)
1968: Hubert Humphrey (S-MN)/Warren Magnuson (S-WA) def. James Rhodes (D-OH)/George Sabastiani^ (D-NM), Bryson Briggs^ (R-NE)/Hunter Jardine^ (R-MT)
1972: Joshua Blackford* (D-NY)/James Rhodes (D-OH) def. Philip Ioannidis^ (R-NV)/? (R-?), Terrance Hobson^ (S-CA)/? (S-?)
1976: Joshua Blackford* (D-NY)/James Rhodes (D-OH) def. George Sidney^ (R-IA)/? (R-?), Dwight O'Hare^ (S-NY)/Carl Martin* (S-CA)
1980: Morgan Reynolds^ (R-BC)/John S. Smith^ (R-?) def. Mildred Morrell-Quigley* (D-KS)/? (D-?), Theodore Abner Abell^ (S-?)/? (S-?)
1984: Morgan Reynolds^ (R-BC)/John S. Smith^ (R-?) def. Porter Schmitt^ (D-IL)/? (D-?), Robert Bronowski^ (S-PA)/? (S-?)
1988: Leo Enos* (S-MA)/Alfred Turnbull^ (S-ON) def. Archibald Young^ (D-MN)/? (D-?), John S. Smith^ (R-?)/? (R-?)
1992: Thurston DeFrancis^ (D-CA)/Theodore A. Kent^ (D-MO) def. Patrick Gutierrez^ (R-NM)/Gerald Philippson^ (R-IL), Alfred Turnbull^ (S-ON)/Chandler Suggitt^ (S-CA)
1996: Patrick Gutierrez^ (R-NM)/? (R-?) def. Thurston DeFrancis^ (D-CA)/? (D-?), Jonathan Wyden^ (S-MN)/? (S-?)
2000: TBA
2004: TBA
2008: TBA
2012: TBA
~~~~~~
* = Fictional character (HT)
^ = Fictional character (DBE)
Inauguration Day
US 1864-1928, CS 1867-1939: March 4 of the year after the election
US 1932-present: February 1 of the year after the election
So, TL-191 enthusiasts and knowledgeable history folks, let's get some suggestions in and discussion going as to the most plausible candidates to fill out the list below.
For the sake of completeness, I've also listed the candidates from David bar Elias's TL-191: After the End. While there are question marks there, too, we will leave these to David to fill.
~~~~~~
CS Presidential Elections 1867-1939
(From TL-191 canon and TL-191: Filling the Gaps by Craigo)
1867: P.G.T. Beauregard (W-LA)/James Seddon (?-VA) def. Robert M.T. Hunter (?-VA)/Richard Taylor (?-LA), Robert E. Lee (?-VA)/[various] (?)
[Note: Though Craigo suggests the CS Whig Party was formed during Longstreet's presidency, the books indicate every CS president up to Featherston was a Whig]
1873: Fitzhugh Lee (W-VA)/[various] (?) def. Braxton Bragg (?-?)/John Goode (?-VA), James Chesnut (?-SC)/Henry S. Foote (?-MS), Zebulon Vance (?-NC)/Herschel V. Johnson (?-GA), Joseph Emerson Brown (?-GA)/Thomas A.R. Nelson (?-TN)
[Note: No majority in the EC; Congress selected Lee as president and Foote as VP]
1879: James Longstreet (W-GA)/Lucius Q.C. Lamar (?-MS) def. Joseph Emerson Brown (?-GA)/Isham Harris (?-TN), John Hunt Morgan (?-KY)/John S. Barbour, Jr. (?-VA)
1885: ? (W-?)/? (W-?) def. ? (?-?)/? (?-?)
[Note: Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson was suggested by Craigo as the winning candidate, but given his disdain for politics, it's highly improbable that he would run for president]
1891: States Rights Gist (W-SC)/? (W-?) def. ? (?-?)/? (?-?)
1897: Robert Love Taylor (W-TN)/? (W-?) def. ? (?-?)/? (?-?)
1903: Champ Clark (W-KY)/? (W-?) def. Thomas E. Watson (RL-GA)/? (RL-?)
1909: Woodrow Wilson (W-VA)/Gabriel Semmes* (W-AL) def. Thomas E. Watson (RL-GA)/? (RL-?)
1915: Gabriel Semmes* (W-AL)/? (W-?) def. Doroteo Arango (RL-CH)/? (RL-?)
1921: Wade Hampton V* (W-SC)/Charles Burton Mitchel III* (W-AR) def. Jake Featherston* (F-VA)/Ferdinand Koenig* (F-?), Ainsworth Layne* (RL-?)/? (RL-?)
[Note 1: Turtledove Wiki indicates Koenig's home state is VA, but this doesn't make sense because Featherston is from VA]
[Note 2: Hampton is assassinated June 15 (uncertain exactly when; date suggested here), 1922; Mitchel becomes president]
1927: Charles Burton Mitchel III* (W-AR)/? (W-?) def. Jake Featherston* (F-VA)/Ferdinand Koenig* (F-?), ? (RL-?)/? (RL-?)
1933: Jake Featherston* (F-VA)/Willy Knight* (F-TX) def. Cordell Hull (RL-TN)/Huey Long (RL-LA), Samuel Longstreet* (W-VA)/Hugo Black (W-AL)
[Note: Knight was removed from office at some date in 1939]
1939: Jake Featherston* (F-VA)/Don Partridge* (F-TN) def. ? (RL-?)/? (RL-?), ? (W-?)/?(W-?)
[Note: Featherston is killed July 7, 1944; Partridge becomes president; CSA surrenders and presidency abolished July 14, 1944]
~~~~~~
US Presidential Elections 1864-1944
(From TL-191 canon and TL-191: Filling the Gaps by Craigo)
1864: Horatio Seymour (D-NY)/George Pendleton (D-OH) def. Abraham Lincoln (R-IL)/Hannibal Hamlin (R-ME)
1868: Thomas A. Hendricks (D-IN)/Joel Parker (D-NJ) def. Benjamin G. Brown (R-MO)/Frederick Frelinghuysen (R-NJ)
1872: George W. Woodward (D-PA)/Samuel S. Cox (D-OH) def. Thomas A. Scott (R-PA)/Benjamin Butler (R-MA)
[Note: Woodward dies in office on May 10, 1875 (his OTL death date); Cox becomes president]
1876: Samuel J. Tilden (D-NY)/Henry B. Payne (D-OH) def. Roscoe Conkling (R-NY)/James F. Wilson (R-IA)
1880: James G. Blaine (R-ME)/J. Donald Cameron (R-PA) def. Samuel J. Tilden (D-NY)/Henry B. Payne (D-OH)
1884: ? (D-?)/? (D-?) def. James G. Blaine (R-ME)/? (R-?), ? (S-?)/? (S-?)
[Note: Lincoln was suggested by Craigo as the Socialist candidate, but his running seems very unlikely and would have been mentioned in the later books]
1888: Thomas B. Reed (D-ME)/? (D-?) def. James Garfield (R-OH)/Joseph Medill (R-IL), ? (S-?)/? (S-?)
1892: Thomas B. Reed (D-ME)/? (D-?) def. John Sherman (R-OH)/Justin Morrill (R-VT), Edward Bellamy (S-MA)/? (S-?)
1896: Alfred T. Mahan (D-NY)/? (D-?) def. Benjamin Harrison (R-IN)/? (R-?), ? (S-?)/Terence Powderly (S-PA)
[Note: William Jennings Bryan was originally suggested by Craigo as the Socialist presidential candidate, but was later designated a Republican]
1900: Alfred T. Mahan (D-NY)/? (D-?) def. John Hay (R-?)/? (R-?), ? (S-?)/Jacob S. Coxey (S-OH)
[Note 1: Mahan and Reed's terms are flipped in order from that listed in the Turtledove Wiki]
[Note 2: William Jennings Bryan was originally suggested by Craigo as the Socialist presidential candidate, but was later designated a Republican]
1904: Nelson Aldrich (D-RI)/? (D-?) def. William McKinley (R-OH)/? (R-?), Robert M. La Follette (S-WI)/Myron Zuckerman* (S-NY)
[Note: Zuckerman was suggested by Craigo as La Follette's running mate, but this dubious as nothing was mentioned of it in the books]
1908: Nelson Aldrich (D-RI)/? (D-?) def. Philander Knox (R-PA)/? (R-?), Tom L. Johnson (S-OH)/Emil Seidel (S-WI)
[Note: May have been Debs who ran for the Socialists in 1908]
1912: Theodore Roosevelt (D-NY)/Walter McKenna* (D-PA) def. Gilbert Hitchcock (R-NE)/? (R-?), Eugene V. Debs (S-IN)/? (S-?)
[Note: Craigo suggested his fictional character Douglas Steffens as Debs's running mate]
1916: Theodore Roosevelt (D-NY)/Walter McKenna* (D-PA) def. James Eli Watson (R-IN)/? (R-?), Eugene V. Debs (S-IN)/Joseph Guffey (S-PA)
1920: Upton Sinclair (S-NJ)/Hosea Blackford* (S-DA) def. Theodore Roosevelt (D-NY)/Walter McKenna* (D-PA), Robert McCormick (R-IL)/? (R-?)
[Note: Canon implies but doesn't confirm McKenna is TR's running mate again; Craigo suggested William Allen White (D-KS) instead of McKenna]
1924: Upton Sinclair (S-NJ)/Hosea Blackford* (S-DA) def. James M. Cox (D-OH)/John W. Davis (D-WV), Frank Lowden (R-IL)/? (R-?)
1928: Hosea Blackford* (S-DA)/Hiram Johnson (S-CA) def. Calvin Coolidge (D-MA)/Amos Pinchot (D-?), James Eli Watson (R-IN)/? (R-?)
1932: Calvin Coolidge (D-MA)/Herbert Hoover (D-CA) def. Hanford MacNider (R-IA)/? (R-?), Hosea Blackford* (S-DA)/Hiram Johnson (S-CA)
[Note: Coolidge dies on January 5, 1933, before inauguration; Hoover becomes president]
1936: Al Smith (S-NY)/Charles W. La Follette* (S-WI) def. Herbert Hoover (D-CA)/William Borah (D-ID), Arthur Vandenberg (R-MI)/? (R-?)
1940: Al Smith (S-NY)/Charles W. La Follette* (S-WI) def. Robert Taft (D-OH)/Henry Styles Bridges (D-NH), Wendell Willkie (R-IN)/? (R-?)
[Note 1: Smith is killed on March 27 (uncertain exactly when; date suggested here), 1942; La Follette becomes president]
[Note 2: Alf Landon was (offhandedly) suggested by Craigo as a running mate for Willkie]
1944: Thomas Dewey (D-NY)/Harry Truman (D-MO) def. Harold Stassen (R-MN)/? (R-?), Charles W. La Follette* (S-WI)/Jim Curley (S-MA)
~~~~~~
US Presidential Elections 1948-present
(From TL-191: After the End by David bar Elias)
1948: Thomas Dewey (D-NY)/Harry Truman (D-MO) def. Harold Stassen (R-MN)/Smith Altrock^ (R-CA), Henry Wallace (S-IA)/Rexford Tugwell (S-NY)
1952: Harry Truman (D-MO)/Irving Morrell* (D-KS) def. Harold Stassen (R-MN)/Cecil Schneider II^ (R-IL), Adlai Stevenson II (S-IL)/Earl Warren (S-CA)
1956: Harry Truman (D-MO)/Irving Morrell* (D-KS) def. Harold Stassen (R-MN)/John Hoyland^ (R-NE), William Averell Harriman (S-NY)/Basil O'Connor (S-MA)
1960: Hubert Humphrey (S-MN)/Warren Magnuson (S-WA) def. John W. Bricker (D-OH)/Nicholas Peterson^ (D-PA), Harold Stassen (R-MN)/William Ward^ (R-IN)
1964: Hubert Humphrey (S-MN)/Warren Magnuson (S-WA) def. Henry Cabot Lodge (D-MA)/Benjamin Cooper^ (D-MI), Walter Judd (R-MN)/Garrett Schuster^ (R-NE)
1968: Hubert Humphrey (S-MN)/Warren Magnuson (S-WA) def. James Rhodes (D-OH)/George Sabastiani^ (D-NM), Bryson Briggs^ (R-NE)/Hunter Jardine^ (R-MT)
1972: Joshua Blackford* (D-NY)/James Rhodes (D-OH) def. Philip Ioannidis^ (R-NV)/? (R-?), Terrance Hobson^ (S-CA)/? (S-?)
1976: Joshua Blackford* (D-NY)/James Rhodes (D-OH) def. George Sidney^ (R-IA)/? (R-?), Dwight O'Hare^ (S-NY)/Carl Martin* (S-CA)
1980: Morgan Reynolds^ (R-BC)/John S. Smith^ (R-?) def. Mildred Morrell-Quigley* (D-KS)/? (D-?), Theodore Abner Abell^ (S-?)/? (S-?)
1984: Morgan Reynolds^ (R-BC)/John S. Smith^ (R-?) def. Porter Schmitt^ (D-IL)/? (D-?), Robert Bronowski^ (S-PA)/? (S-?)
1988: Leo Enos* (S-MA)/Alfred Turnbull^ (S-ON) def. Archibald Young^ (D-MN)/? (D-?), John S. Smith^ (R-?)/? (R-?)
1992: Thurston DeFrancis^ (D-CA)/Theodore A. Kent^ (D-MO) def. Patrick Gutierrez^ (R-NM)/Gerald Philippson^ (R-IL), Alfred Turnbull^ (S-ON)/Chandler Suggitt^ (S-CA)
1996: Patrick Gutierrez^ (R-NM)/? (R-?) def. Thurston DeFrancis^ (D-CA)/? (D-?), Jonathan Wyden^ (S-MN)/? (S-?)
2000: TBA
2004: TBA
2008: TBA
2012: TBA
~~~~~~
* = Fictional character (HT)
^ = Fictional character (DBE)
Inauguration Day
US 1864-1928, CS 1867-1939: March 4 of the year after the election
US 1932-present: February 1 of the year after the election
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