WI The Paris Commune is not immediately crushed

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What POD would be necessary for a popular revolt like the Paris or St. Louis Communes to succeed (locally) and not be immediately destroyed?

What sorts of government and culture would result? How long would such enclaves be able to sustain themselves?

I've just re-read The Difference Engine and was intrigued by the brief descriptions of life in the Manhattan Commune, so speculating about that or other counterfactual revolts is encouraged as well.