Legacy of the Angevins - mk2

It has been reborn!
Here is the 1st installment of the new version of Legacy of the Angevins. Please provide plenty of comments.
There will be segments covering particular areas of the TL together with parts of a rough timeline.

Part 1

Point of Divergence c.1185 [1]

It is during the year CE 1185 that this alternative timeline (ATL) diverges from our timeline (OTL). The Angevins have risen to power with Henry II, King of England, being Duke of Greater Anjou (Count of Anjou, Maine, and Touraine), Duke of Normandy, and Duke of Aquitaine by marriage. He also has control over most of Wales and western Ireland. The King of Scotland, William I, also acknowledges Henry as his overlord. In OTL, the sons of Henry are aided in their rebellions by Philippe II, King of France, culminating in the death of Henry, the bad kingship of Richard, and the worse kingship of John where the Angevins’ possessions in France are reduced to Gascony in the southwest of Aquitaine. In this ATL, a minor wound taken during his recent wars against Flanders in 1184 becomes infected and Philippe II Capet, l’Auguste, son of Louis VII, dies.

The French Royal Inheritance

Philippe’s heirs by agnatic primogeniture [2] (nearest male by direct male descent) were:

  • Robert II, Comte de Dreux. Son of Louis VII’s brother Robert I de Dreux [3]. He had recently married Yolande de Coucy, daughter of Agnes of Hainaut, who was sister to Baldwin V of Hainaut
  • Pierre [4] II de Courtenay. Son of Louis VII’s brother Pierre de Courtenay
Philippe's heirs by cognatic primogeniture (nearest male by direct male or female descent) were:

  • Henri II [5], Comte de Champagne. 12 year old son of Marie, who is the first daughter of Eleanor and Louis VII, and of Henri I, who is brother of Philippe’s mother Adele/Alice de Champagne
  • Louis de Blois. 13 year old son of Alix, who is the second daughter of Eleanor and Louis VII, and of Thibaud V Comte de Blois, who is brother to Henri I and Philippe’s mother Adele/Alice de Champagne
The following nobles had a stake in the succession:

  • Henry, Count of Anjou, Maine, and Touraine etc, King of England. The most powerful man in France and married to Louis VII’s former wife Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine
  • Richard, Duke of Aquitaine (invested by his mother c.1168), son of Henry II, King of England. Betrothed to Philippe's sister Alais
  • Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut. Father of Philippe’s (childless) widow Isabelle of Hainaut and father of Henri and Baldwin, the future Latin Emperors of Romania. He is regarded as a descendant of Charlemagne
  • Philip, Count of Flanders, and Count of Vermandois since his wife’s death in 1183. Uncle of Isabelle of Hainaut; brother-in-law of Baldwin V
  • Thibaud V, Comte de Blois. Brother of Henri I de Champagne. Married to Alice, daughter of Eleanor and Louis VII. Father of Louis de Blois.
  • Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine. Former wife of Louis VII. Estranged from her husband Henry II, King of England
After Philippe dies, Henri II de Champagne is declared King Henri II under a regency headed by Robert II de Dreux (Robert having too much opposition to be King in his own right), and is married to Isabelle of Hainaut soon after. Richard Lionheart, Duke of Aquitaine, finally marries Philippe's sister Alais in 1188, despite issues over her “relationship” with his father. While there are some minor rebellions by Henry's sons these are uncoordinated and easily put down without resulting in Henry’s defeat and subsequent death as OTL 1189 [6]. When the Third Crusade is called c.1190, Henry II of England is too ill to lead but sends his sons Richard, Geoffrey the Duke of Brittany, and John the Lord of Ireland as his surrogates - Geoffrey dies during the conquest of Cyprus c.1191 [7].
Henri II of France dies c1200 leaving his son Henri III (b1189) under the regency of Robert II of Dreux; his remaining child (Isabelle having died giving birth to Henri) daughter Alice (b1185) is now married to Robert's own son Robert.
Richard has a single heir by Alais in 1190, Henry III [8], who grows up in Henry II’s court alongside his cousin Arthur, Duke of Brittany, and dies in 1204 during the Fourth Crusade en route to Syria [9]. Richard's death enabled Henry II's plans for his heirs to be enacted: Aquitaine was given to John, while Richard's son became heir to Normandy, Greater Anjou, and England.
When Henry II Curtmantle of England eventually dies in 1207 leaving Henry III the Leopard [10] under the brief regency of William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, John bids for the throne claiming Henry III is the illegitimate son of Henry II but dies in a skirmish leaving his 8 year old son Henry as the Duke of Aquitaine.

[1] In writing this alternate history trends seen as inevitable have been followed and where necessary analogous persons and philosophies created to limit to large a divergence

[2] aka Salic Law. This was used OTL in the Hundreds Year War mainly to stop the English King becoming King of France
[3] Although Robert I lived until c1188 he had abdicated his possessions to his son in 1184
[4] Pierre II de Courtenay will become the future Latin Roman Emperor in 1216 OTL and ATL
[5] OTL Henri II would be the future King Consort of Jerusalem by marrying Queen Isabella in 1192
[6] In OTL Philippe II was the main supporter of the rebellions
[7] In OTL Geoffrey died in 1186 when he is trampled by his horse at a tournament in Paris.
[8] Often rumoured to be Henry II’s own son
[9] Richard is delayed for the 4th Crusade leaving the Crusaders to buy their passage by conquering the Greek Roman Empire
[10] From a copying error of (old) French le parde, the panther, in contrast to his father
 
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No comments? Oh well onto Part 2 then.

[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Part 2[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]The Angevin Wars[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]The Angevin Wars revolved around the rivalry between the Kings of France and their powerful vassals: the Angevin Dukes of Normandy (who were Kings of England), the Angevin Dukes of Brittany (who later inherited England), the Angevin Counts of Flanders-Hainaut [11] (descendants of the second son of Arthur I of Brittany and Joanna of Flanders-Hainaut), the Angevin Dukes of Aquitaine, the Dukes of Burgundy, and the Counts of Toulouse (who were Kings of Navarre).[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]When Henry II, Duke of Aquitaine, came of age in 1216 he was made to swear fealty to the new King of France, Robert III (son of Robert II de Dreux and King both by direct male descent from Louis VI and by right of his wife Alice, Countess of Champagne [12], Alice's brother King Henri III having died c1215), and married off to Robert's daughter Iolande. Henry III of England and Arthur I of Brittany took offence and made war. Though Arthur won a battle near Bouvines [13] (thus affirming his lordship over Artois and Vermandois), Henry III's forces were defeated, thus leading to the reaffirmation of Aquitaine and Normandy-Anjou (referred to as Neustria).[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Hostilities broke out again when both England and Aquitaine faced disputed successions in 1270. Henry II of Aquitaine had died in 1221 in the Fifth Crusade leaving his son Henry III under the regency of his mother Princess Iolande of France and his brother in law Hugh X, Count of Angouleme & La Marche. Anticipating a future crisis in Aquitaine, As in OTL the Venetians vetoed the obvious contender Boniface as they feared his competence Henry III of England married off his son Henry, "Prince of Neustria", to Sancha of Provence in 1235, alongside Baldwin (the future count) of Flanders-Hainaut to Eleanor of Provence, Henry III's 1st daughter Alice to Frederick II Hohenstaufen, German Roman Emperor, and Henry III's 2nd daughter Eleanor to Arthur II of Brittany. In 1243 Henry III of Aquitaine married Princess Blanca of Navarre, and with the birth of a healthy son, Henry, in 1249 the succession seemed secure.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Henry IV, the Pious, King of England ascended the throne following his father's death in the Seventh Crusade in 1248. Accepting that he would have no more children beyond his daughter Margaret, he made his nephew Arthur of Brittany heir to England, his daughter Margaret he made heir to Anjou, and his nephew Henry Hohenstaufen he made heir to Normandy. Margaret was betrothed to Ramon of Navarre, second son of King Theobald, but when Ramon died in 1248 and she followed soon after in 1250, Henry IV added Anjou to Henry Hohenstaufen's inheritance.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Henry III, Duke of Aquitaine, married off his daughters in 1257: Iolande (b1244) to William (b1240), 3rd son of Arthur II, Duke of Brittany; and Joanna (b1246) to his cousin Hugh XI, Count of Angouleme & La Marche.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Arthur of Brittany, heir to England, married Princess Alix of France in 1258 - Alix was the only child of Robert IV of France and his 1st wife Alice of Burgundy. Arthur's brother Henry married in 1262 to Princess Margaret of France - Margaret was the daughter of Robert IV and his 2nd wife Margaret of Ponthieu.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]When Henry IV of Aquitaine died suddenly in 1270, Robert IV of France supported Hugh XI, Count of Angouleme & La Marche, as Henry's successor. However, the subsequent death of Henry IV of England, led to Henry Hohenstaufen, now Duke of Swabia [14] and styling himself Prince of Neustria, claiming the throne of England; Robert IV thus instead supported William of Brittany as Duke of Aquitaine and Arthur III of Brittany as King of England. Henry Hohenstaufen's defeat in 1271 confirmed Arthur I King of England and William XII Duke of Aquitaine, but Robert IV refused to relinquish Neustria (Normandy, Anjou, Maine, & Touraine) to Arthur.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]The 1274 Treaty of Evreux confirmed the Duchy of Normandy directly to France but awarded its lands of Coutances, Avranches, & the Channel Islands, to the Duchy of Brittany. Eu & Aumarle/Albemarle were awarded to Baldwin, Count of Flanders-Hainaut, who was raised to Duke of Picardy in recognition of his support for France. Anjou, Maine, & Touraine, were awarded to Arthur and William's brother Henry, Count of Alencon, along with Mortain. Hugh XI of Angouleme & La Marche was made Count of Poitou under the Duchy of Aquitaine.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]In 1302, William XII Angevin of Aquitaine transferred his feudal honours to the newly crowned King Arthur II of England (his cousin) citing both that Arthur’s mother Isabelle, being the eldest child of Robert IV of France, was his “rightful queen” above her halfbrother Robert V's son Pierre I, and that Arthur’s claim (in right of his wife) to Latin Emperor of Romania also took precedence [15]. A few battles and the successive deaths of William XII in 1304 and Arthur II in 1305 led to the relinquishing of Berry and a reversion of honours back to King Pierre of France. For their support of Pierre I, Henri V of Greater Anjou was raised to Duke and Philippe Capet (son of Philippe Capet, Count of Issoudon and 2nd son of Robert IV), Count of Issoudon, Lord of Bourbon, received the Duchy of Berry. Pierre also recognised Aragon's claims to suzereignty over Toulouse and the Pyrenees.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]The resulting regencies – Martin, Archbishop of Canterbury, b1268, brother to Arthur II, is Prince Regent for England 1305-1313; Gareth/Gaheris, Prince of Ireland, b1272, brother to Arthur II, is Prince Regent for Brittany 1305-1313; Constanza of Castile [16], mother of William XIII, is Princess Regent for Aquitaine 1304-1311; – paved the way for the British Principy System but also led to a succession crisis among William XIII’s heirs. William XII’s children were married as follows: Eleanor (b1288) to Theobald IV King of Navarre, IV Count of Toulouse, in 1304; Blanche, (b1289) to Pierre I of France in 1304; Alice (b1291) to Martin, Prince Regent of England, in 1305; and William XIII to Matilda of Luxembourg, daughter of German Roman Emperor Heinrich VII Luxembourg, in 1315.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]The sudden deaths of William XIII and his only son Guy (William) in 1346 [17] led to the War of Aquitaine among William XII’s sons-in-law eventually resulting in Pope Pius II’s reassignments:[/FONT]



  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]King of England made Caesar [18] of Britain (having lordship over Brittany, England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) in exchange for relinquishing all future claims to Latin Romania onto Baldwin, Prince of Achaia, de facto Latin Emperor [19][/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Brittany as fief of Britain[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Talmont, Saintonge, & La Rochelle, to Brittany as fief of Britain [20][/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Auvergne to Burgundy as fief of France[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif](remnant) County of Poitou as fief of France[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Perigord & Limousin as fiefs of France[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Gascony & Toulouse [21] as fiefs of Navarre[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Provence as fief of Aragon[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]To control his possessions, Pierre II of France raised his brother Robert, Count of Angouleme, La Marche, & Poitou (in right of his wife), to Duke of Angouleme/Angoumois, adding Perigord and Limousin but giving La Marche to the Duchy of Berry; Thouars and Chatellerault were added to the Duchy of Anjou (which was recently acquired by his son and heir, Pierre, on marriage to Duchess Henrietta).[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]To control his possessions, Arthur the Hammer [22], I Caesar of Britain, III King of England, I Prince of Wales, V Duke of Brittany, increased the role of his Prince Lieutenants, particularly in Ireland where he formally crowned himself as High King of Ireland.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][11] Often called the Dukes of Picardy and holding the French fiefs of Artois, Cambrai, Flanders, and Vermandois[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][12] Alice's inheritance of the County of Champagne was disputed by her cousin King Theobald of Navarre. The Kings of Navarre also sometimes claimed France.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][13] His cousin Otto IV, German Roman Emperor, was killed in this battle[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][14] Henry had earlier declined the Kingdom of Cyprus in favour of his half brother Henry in order to concentrate on his claims to Neustria and the German Roman Empire[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][15] Arthur’s wife Joanna (1270-1304) was the only child of Baldwin VI King of Jerusalem, III Latin Emperor, I Prince of Achaia, and Isabella the only child of Baldwin II Latin Emperor. She claimed precedence over her halfbrother Baldwin of Achaia[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][16] Daughter of Ferdinand III of Castile-Leon and his (ATL) second wife Blanche of Blois[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][17] Plague is considered the most likely explanation but at the time accusations of poison were made against William XII’s sons-in-law and Guy’s potential rivals in the German Roman Empire as he had recently marrried the daughter of Caesar Ludwig by Margaret of Denmark[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][18] Often translated as High King. In order not to antagonise the German Roman Emperor the title is Caesar and not Caesar Augustus as the GmREs are[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][19] He is married to the English King's daughter Helen[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][20] These were later lost in the Burgundian Wars[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][21] Includes Quercy (Cahorsin), Rouerge, and Saint-Gilles[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][22] Artorius Martellus, so called due to his wars against the Welsh, Irish, and Scottish[/FONT]
 
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[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Part 3[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Other Events of the 1200s[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1200: Death of Henri II of France. Henri III succeeds under regency of Robert II of Dreux.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1204: Marriage of Duke Arthur of Brittany to Countess Joanna of Flanders-Hainaut[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1207: Death of Henry II of England. Henry III succeeds under regency of William Marshall of Pembroke[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1211-1347: The Angevin Wars with France over fealty of English-held fiefs[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1222: Thibaud I King of Navarre marries Joanna heiress of Toulouse [23][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1214: Valdemar II of Denmark takes Margaret of Flanders-Hainaut (Joanna's sister) as his second wife [24]. He has 4 sons from this marriage: Eric b1216, twins John (Jens) and Cnut b1218, and Abel (also called Ballvi) b1220.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1241: Death of Valdemar II of Denmark. Eric IV conflicts with his brothers Jens, Duke of Slesvik, Cnut, Duke of Lolland, and Abel, Duke of Revelia (Danish Estonia)[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1254: Death of King Jens of Denmark. He leaves 2 underage sons: Valdemar III and Eric, Duke of Slesvik, under the regency of his wife Matilda of Holsten (married in 1237).[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1258: Death of “King” Abel while attempting to conquer Zealand. 9 year old Valdemar Abelson, under the regency of Margaret Sambiria (married 1248), accepts Valdemar III as King in exchange for maintaining his possessions (and taxes).[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1261: Michael VIII Palaeologus, Greek Roman Emperor of Nicaea, reconquers Constantinople from the Latin Roman Empire[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1266: Kingdom of Sicily awarded to Count Henri [25] of Provence – mainly in recognition of his efforts converting the Albigensians/Cathars [26][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]late 1260s: Eric I Duke of Slesvik marries Margaret of Rugia [27][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1273: Valdemar III of Denmark marries Agnes of Brandenburg-Stendal. He has 3 daughters: Matilda, who marries Magnus 3rd son of King Magnus VI of Norway; Rixa/Richessa, who marries Principal Nicholas of Werle; Margaret, who marries Birger Magnusson of Sweden.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1275: Magnus I Birgerson of Sweden overthrows his brother King Valdemar with help from Valdemar III of Denmark and Valdermar, Duke of Blekinge & Revelia.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1275: Annales Britanniae published [28][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1282: Sicilian Vespers Rebellion – Island of Sicily obtained by Aragon[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1283: Erik II of Norway marries Princess Constance of Scotland. His sister Margaret marries Prince Constantine of Scotland[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1287 Treaty of Rome confirms division of Naples-Sicily[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Outremer and the Latin Empire of Romania[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]The first 3 Crusades had established the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Principality of Antioch, the County of Edessa, and the County of Tripoli; these were commonly known as Outremer ('overseas' in French). The Angevin brothers, Richard the Lionheart, Duke of Aquitaine, and Geoffrey the Eagle, Duke of Brittany, had also conquered the (independent) Greek Roman state of Cyprus in 1191 creating the Kingdom of Cyprus under Amalric I Lusignan following the exploits of his brother Guy Lusignan, King Consort of Jerusalem 1186-1192. The Greek Roman state of Lesser Armenia (or Cilicia), effectively independent following the Turkish invasions of Anatolia, also became a Kingdom linked to Outremer.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Following the death of Queen Isabella's husband Conrad of Montferrat [29] in 1192, she was married to Amalric I of Cyprus [30], beginning the close link of Cyprus and Jerusalem and resulting in the birth of Amalric the Great Comnenus Lusignan III King of Jerusalem and Latin Roman Emperor.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]The Fourth Crusade resulted in the conquest of Constantinople when the Crusaders could not pay passage to their Venetian transporters - Richard Duke of Aquitaine had had the funds to enable passage but was delayed in England by his father Henry II and so could only join them in 1204 near Constantinople where he refused to attack the Christian City and took a contingent of Crusaders on the ill-fated raid into Syria where he died. The Conquest created the Latin Roman Empire (also known as the Empire of Constantinople) under Baldwin VI Count of Hainaut, IX Count of Flanders, succeeded by his brother Henry in 1205 [31]; the rival Greek Roman Empires of Nicaea and Trebizond were also formed. Latin Emperor Henry left no immediate heirs and so was succeeded by his sister Yolanda and her husband Pierre II of Courtenay in 1216.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Meanwhile, Amalric III of Jerusalem had come of age and was already proving himself in regional affairs, producing an heir for Cilicia (Leo, though he died in 1228 before succeeding), and being regent for Cyprus 1218-25 on behalf of his niece Isabella [32]. Amalric III allied with Leo I King of Cilicia (Lesser Armenia) against Bohemond III of Antioch & Tripoli, establishing Raymond-Roupen as Prince of Antioch in 1216 [33]; Raymond-Roupen later married Isabella Queen of Cilicia, daughter of Leo I, producing a son Leo II [34]. Amalric III allied with the Latin Roman Empire against the Despot of Epirus and was later elected Imperial Regent for Baldwin II following Emperor Robert Courtenay's death [35] in the fall of Thessalonica 1224. In order to regain the City of Jerusalem (the Kingdom itself only consisting of the coast and the strongholds of Jaffa, Arsuf, Caesarea, Tyre, Sidon, & Beirut) Amalric needed the support of the German Roman Emperor Friedrich II Hohenstaufen and thus betrothed him first his niece Isabella Queen of Cyprus in 1225 and then his daughter Sybill in 1238. Isabella's son Conrad Hohenstaufen (born 1228, died 1254), Duke of Swabia, was King of Cyprus from 1250 but neglected Cyprus in his attempts to become German Roman Emperor; Sybill's son Henry (born 1240) became King of Cyprus on Conrad's death in 1254, he was a competent and considerate ruler but died fighting the Mamluks in Antioch in 1268 leaving the Kingdom to his aunt Melissende (Sybill's sister) and her husband Raymond, Count of Tripoli (son of Henry, Count of Tripoli, and Maria of Antioch). Cyprus and Cilicia-Antioch remained closely linked, merging into a single kingdom in the 1300s and theoretical vassals of the Latin Roman Emperors in Achaia.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Having earlier married Baldwin II's sister Eleanor in 1220 and being instrumental in the defence of Constantinople in 1247, where Baldwin died in defence, Amalric was elected Latin Roman Emperor over Baldwin's only child Isabella (by Isabella of Cilicia) and added Comnenus to his name to commemorate his maternal grandmother Maria Comnena of the Greek Roman Empire. Latin Roman Emperor Amalric died the acknowledged overlord of Outremer and Cilicia alongside his son Baldwin, Lord of Tyre, in the 1261 Fall of Constantinople to the forces of Michael VIII Palaeologus, Greek Roman Emperor of Nicaea. Amalric's grandson Baldwin of Tyre became III King of Jerusalem and III Latin Roman Emperor. Baldwin was married to Isabella the only child of Latin Roman Emperor Baldwin II Courtenay and claimant to the title but after her death in childbirth in 1270 (producing a daughter Joanna) he married Isabella Villehardouin, daughter and heiress of William Prince of Achaia. The Lusignan Princes of Achaia would hold the title of Latin Roman Emperor until the Ottoman takeover despite some claims by Joanna's British descendants.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][23] The stronger Angevin presence meant no Albigensian Crusade ATL[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][24] OTL he married Berengaria of Portugal, sister-in-law of Countess Joanna of F-H[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][25] Brother to King Thibaud II of Navarre and husband of Countess Beatrix of Provence[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][26] Unlike OTL the Cathar “heresy” is merely reduced rather than wiped out; many convert to avoid inquisition [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][27] The marriage date is unclear at present but based on OTL births of Margaret's children it seems to be between 1267 and 1272.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][28] This is largely based on the Historia Britonum, the Annales Cambriae, and the Breton Cycle, to repudiate Geoffrey of Monmouth’s less accurate Historia Regum Britanniae[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][29] Younger brother to the great Crusader Boniface of Montferrat[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][30] OTL she first married Henri II of Champagne but as he is married ATL to Isabelle of Hainaut as King of France she marries Amalric sooner[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][31] As in OTL the Venetians vetoed the obvious contender Boniface as they feared his competence[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][32] She is the daughter of Marie of Montferrat (Queen Isabella's daughter by Conrad) and Hugh King of Cyprus (from Amalric's first marriage to Eschiva of Ibelin)[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][33] Bohemond was succeeded in Tripoli by his 3rd son Henry who later married Raymond Roupen's daughter Maria by his first wife Helvis of Cyprus, and widow of Leo Lusignan of Jerusalem[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][34] Thus forestalling the OTL Hetoumid takeover of Lesser Armenia[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][35] OTL Robert survived until 1228[/FONT]
 
COMMENTS PLEASE

[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Comments comments comments please!!!!
[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Part IV[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]The Restoration of the Duchy of Nether Lorraine[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]A stronger Angevin territory in France promotes the marriage of Joanna, Countess of Flanders and Hainaut, to Duke Arthur I of Brittany. Joanna's sister Margaret [36] marries Valdemar II King of Denmark [37]. Arthur's half sister Alix of Thouars marries Enguerrand III Lord of Coucy (later III Count of Ponthieu) [38].[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Arthur I has twin sons - Arthur, who inherits Brittany, and Baldwin, who inherits Flanders and Hainaut - and a daughter Constance, who marries King Alexander II of Scotland. Baldwin (Boudewyn) was often called the Duke of Picardy due to his holdings of the French fiefs [39] of Artois, Flanders, Vermandois, and the Bishopric of Cambrai. Baldwin warred with Luxembourg over the March of Namur and as part of the peace treaty his sons, Boudewyn and Artur, were married to Isabel and Philippa, daughters of Henrick V Count of Luxembourg; Henrick’s son Henrick was also married to Baldwin’s second daughter Eleonora. Artur was given the March of Namur and Baldwin’s first daughter Joanna was given the County of Artois on her marriage to Enguerrand son of the Count of Ponthieu.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]As Duke of Picardy, Boudewyn I warred with the Dukes of Brabant and Counts of Holland over lordship of Zeeland. Boudewyn’s son Willem was married to Maria of Brabant c.1270 [40] and ironically became Duke of Brabant in 1273 when her brothers Johan and Godfrey were killed; this antagonised the Counts of Luxembourg, especially as Willem took up Johan’s ideal to reunite the former Duchy of Nether Lorraine [41].[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Count Henrick VII [42] of Luxembourg married his second cousin Irmgard, becoming Duke of Limburg when she inherited the Duchy of Limburg in 1283 but she later died the same year. Henrick’s inheritance was disputed by Irmgard’s uncle Adolf V Count of Berg, who was supported by Willem I of Brabant & Picardy. Several indeterminate battles intensified when Henrick remarried Florence, heiress of Holland. The defeat of the Luxembourg forces near Worringen [43] but the death of Adolf of Berg led to a new treaty. As Henrick VII was Adolf’s heir his title to Limburg and Berg was recognised, in return [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Henrick transferred the County of Holland to Duke Willem. When Henrick VII became Holy Roman Emperor he granted Henrick I, the new Duke of Brabant & Picardy, the old title of Duke of Nether Lorraine. [/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][36] Forestalling her OTL marriages to Bouchard of Avesnes and William of Dampierre which resulted in the division of Flanders and Hainaut[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][37] Similar to OTL Valdemar's sons by Margaret go on to cause civil war in Denmark[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][38] Their son Enguerrand IV, Comte de Ponthieu, becomes Comte d’Artois on marriage to Joanna, daughter of Baldwin I Duke of Picardy (X/VII of Flanders-Hainaut)[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][39] This originated at the University of Paris where students from these fiefs were called Picards[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][40] She married Philippe III of France OTL.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][41] The former Dukes of Brabant often claimed the title of Duke of Lower/Nether Lorraine[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][42] Not the same as OTL Henry VII as his mother Margaret of Avesnes does not exist. ATL Henry VII is the son of Henry VI and Eleanor of Picardy[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][43] Similar to OTL Battle of Worringen 1288[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]-------------------------[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]OK, this is where I start to need comments as I have questions to be answered:[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Q how does Picardy leave France?[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Q how do the ATL Danish wars impact the northern German states?[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Q how do the Angevin Wars impact the western German states?[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Here's a rough outline of the next 100 years that will depend on the answers to these questions (and raise more obviously)[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Scandinavian events:[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]As Valdemar III of Denmark only has daughters he is succeeded by his nephew Duke John II of Slesvik; but John dies suddenly leaving Abel II Duke of Blekinge & Revelia as King. Abel only has 1 daughter Margaret by his wife Adelheid of Holsten (sister to Count Henry of Holsten-Rendsborg). Margaret marries Albrecht (future Duke) of Mecklenburg. This leads to conflict with Pomerania / GmRE when his son the King of Denmark inherits Mecklenburg. [need to sort out inheritance of Holsten too][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]The conflicts of Erik, Duke of Soedermanland, and Valdemar, Duke of Oesterland (Finland), with their older brother King Birger happen as OTL; as do their marriages though their children differ slightly: Valdemar's son by Princess Kirsten of Norway (daughter of Erik II and Constance) becomes King Erik III Magnusson of Norway in 1319 after the death of his uncle King Haakon V though Alexander V of Scotland contests this. Erik's son by Princess Ingeborg of Norway (daughter of King Haakon and Eufemia of Ruegen) becomes King Magnus II Erikson of Sweden.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1302: William XII Duke of Aquitaine transfers allegiance to the King of Britain[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1304: Pius II succeeds Boniface VIII as Pope [A weaker France means no Avignon Popes arise this TL following disputes with Boniface and successors (he died 1303). The influence of the Templars, who were absorbed by Pius, also initially provided cohesion to the papacy][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1305-20: Welsh princes bid for independence[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1310: Henry of Naples becomes King Andrew IV of Hungary[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1320: Arthur the Hammer reconquers Wales and passes it onto his son Owain by Helen Map Llewelyn, daughter of the former Prince of Wales[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]German events:[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]German Roman Emperor Ludwig IV Wittelsbach lives longer until 1351. In 1335, on the death of Henry I King of Bohemia, Duke of Carinthia-Carniola, Count of Tyrol, he releases the Duchy of Carinthia-Carniola to his son-in-law Otto the Merry Habsburg.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1335: King Henry of Bohemia is succeeded in Bohemia by his nephew Stephan VI Champagne, the son of Andrew IV King of Hungary and Elisabeth of Bohemia [There being no John Luxembourg in TTL (through a different Luxembourg line) Elisabeth is free to marry another noble, and Henry's rule of Bohemia is less contested] (sister to Henry's wife Anna).[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Ludwig's son Ludwig I Margrave of Brandenburg is confirmed as the heir to German Romania as King (or Caesar) of the Romans. GeRE Ludwig also releases the Rhine Palatinate to his nephews.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1351. Death of German Roman Emperor Ludwig IV, accession of German Roman Emperor Ludwig V.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Ludwig V faced with uprisings by his cousins in the Rhine strips the Palatinate of its Electorship and transfers it to Henry VII Duke of Limburg, IX Count of Luxembourg, VII Count of Berg, who had previously married Anna, a daughter of Count Rudolf II. This causes problems with Ludwig's brother Stephan II Duke of Bavaria as it would deprive him or his son of the Electorship when the head of the Rhine branch of the Wittelsbachs dies (an agreement made in the latter 1200s to stop 2 Imperial Electors being Wittelsbachs when one branch inherited the Rhine Palatinate).[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1353. County of Tyrol reverts to the Emperor[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1356. Death of Stephan VI King of Hungary, II King of Bohemia. Stephan's halfbrother succeeds to Hungary as Andrew V. Stephan's son-in-law Casimir III King of Poland succeeds to Bohemia.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1360. German Roman Emperor Ludwig V Wittelsbach is finally killed by forces led by Rudolf IV Habsburg, Duke of Austria-Styria. Rudolf is elected German Roman Emperor Rudolf II.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1362. Death of Pope Pius II, election of Pope Benedict XI. Sicily releases its claim to Naples onto Andrew V King of Hungary, married to Carlotta the granddaughter of Raimon III, who reigns as Henry II.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Golden Bull of 1362: Rudolf II awards Bavaria with an Electorship, confirms Luxembourg's Electorship, and transfers Brandenburg's Electorship to Austria. Milan is also added as an Electorship. The Declaration of Rhense is re-established. The Duke of Nether Lorraine is given powers to decide tied votes and when a 4/9 majority occurs.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]German Roman Emperor Rudolf II releases Brandenburg onto his brother Albrecht and raised to a Duchy; in 1365 Albrecht marries Elisabeth, heiress to the Duchy of Pomerania Wolgast. Rudolf II releases the County of Tyrol onto the second son of Stephan II of Bavaria, Otto Wittelsbach [Administered by his mother Margarete, sister of Rudolf II].[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1362-65. Disputes with the authoritarian Pope Benedict XI over Naples, Milan, etc., leads to GeRE Rudolf and King Andrew of Naples-Hungary "replacing" him with Clement V [Clement V's weakness leads to more control in Rome by the Petrine Guard, and more local control by Bishops].[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Andrew V and Rudolf II defeat the Venetians: Dalmatia is added to Hungary, Crete and Aegean territories are added to Latin Romania (Henry II LRE, I Prince of Achaia, is his nephew-in-law), the Republic of Dubrovnik/Ragusa is rewarded to Bosnia under Stephan Tvrtko I [Stephan is the regional term for King at this point in history. From stephanos Greek for crowned.], the Venetian March of Verona is added to Milan, Istria and the March of Friuli/Aquileia, and the City of Venice is added to Carinthia-Carniola. Venetian trade is taken by the Genoans.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1370. Andrew V is recognised as a Caesar of Latin Romania by Pope Clement V and becomes Imperial Regent on the marriage of his daughter to young Latin Emperor Henry of Achaia.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1370. Leopold I Duke of Carinthia-Carniola marries Viridis Visconti of Milan [Leopold's 1st son Leopold inherits Austria & Styria on marrying Anna daughter and heir of Rudolf V. His 2nd son William is later made Duke of Istria, whose own son William married Bianca Visconti and becomes Duke of Milan][/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1371. Death of Latin Emperor Henry. He is succeeded by Stephan, the 2nd son of Andrew V, on marriage to Henry's sister Isabella.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1383. Clement VI succeeds as Pope. Clement is a former Petrine Guardsman and shrewdly cultivates a rivalry between German Roman Emperor Rudolf II and the new King of Naples-Hungary Charles I Champagne.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1385. Carlotta, daughter of Latin Roman Emperor Stephan Andrew I, is married to Rudolf Habsburg, son of German Roman Emperor Rudolf II.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1389. Battle of Kosovo. A Pyrrhic victory for the Serbs as, despite Ottoman Sultan Murad being killed in the fighting, the Ottomans gain parts of Serbia [A slightly different Battle to OTL, thanks to more input by the Latin Romans and Hungarians, the Ottoman gains are lesser]. Tvrtko Kotromanic, the Stephan of Bosnia [Bosnia is de jure under Hungarian rule but de facto independent.], is acclaimed as Stephan of Serbia. As a reward Latin Roman Emperor Stephan-Andrew designates Tvrtko a Caesar, antagonising his brother Charles I.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1390. Stephan-John, son of Latin Roman Emperor Stephan-Andrew, marries Irene Palaeologina, daughter of John Despot of Morea, who is the son of Greek Roman Emperor Michael IX. Stephan-Andrew's daughter Helena is married to the current Greek Roman Emperor Andronicus IV. In 1394, Despot John is killed in battle and Andronicus grants Stephan-John the Despotate.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1391. Death of German Roman Emperor Rudolf II Habsburg.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Contenders for the Imperial election are:[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Charles I Champagne of Naples-Hungary[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Henry IX Luxembourg of Luxembourg-Upper Lorraine[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]John III Angevin of Nether Lorraine[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Ottokar Brandenburg, 2nd son of Duke Albrecht Habsburg of Brandenburg-Pomerania, and also 2nd heir to Bohemia-Poland[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Rudolf V Habsburg of Austria, Carinthia, Carniola, Istria, & Styria[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Stephan III Wittelsbach of Bavaria[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Ottokar is eventually elected as German Roman Emperor Otto V Brandenburg.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1393. Fall of Nicopolis to the Ottomans. Pope Clement VI calls a Crusade.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1393-1402. The Balkan Crusade. The Ottomans are reduced in the Balkans.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1395. The Crusaders regain Nicopolis.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1398. Death of Latin Roman Emperor Stephan Andrew. Stephan John, Despot of Morea, succeeds him. In what is later called the Bloody Reunion, Greek Roman Emperor Andronicus IV designates the new Latin Roman Emperor as his Co-Emperor in Greek Romania. Although Pope Clement VI excommunicates Stephan II, both emperors of the "Eastern Roman Empire" write edicts tolerating all the other's form of Christianity.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]So[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Q how does Picardy leave France? What is the effect of a weaker France?[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Q how do the ATL Danish wars impact the northern German states? And what happens with the Duchy/Duchies of Pomerania?[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Q how do the Angevin Wars impact the western German states?[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Q what happens to Nether and Upper Lorraine?[/FONT]
 
Soooo....no comments, queries, or suggestions?

I'm stuck!


  1. [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]How does Picardy leave France? What is the effect of a weaker France?[/FONT]
  2. [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]How do the ATL Danish wars impact the northern German states? And what happens with the Duchy/Duchies of Pomerania?[/FONT]
  3. [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]How do the Angevin Wars impact the western German states?[/FONT]
  4. [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]What happens to Nether and Upper Lorraine?[/FONT]
  5. What have I forgotten? Left out? Made a mess of?
Admittedly my timeline is more of an overview rather than the highly detailed TLs elsewhere, but that is mainly due to too much detail messing things up.
Eventually I will post family trees once I get a new computer and can scan stuff in or generate trees in Visio or geneaology software :)
Maps on the otherhand are not my forte so feel free to PM me your own versions and the best will be posted (with credit due of course).

Please please please post comments and I'll keep the responding tantrums as you demolish my TL to a minimum ;).

Rgds Prof
 
Don't worry this thread isn't quite dead yet.

I'm currently fighting the plethora of ATL lineages that are arising :eek:. As well as correcting for a mistake with the Sicilian Kingdoms.
 
Latest Update

Update of part of The Angevin Wars:



[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]The Angevin Wars[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]The Angevin Wars revolved around the rivalry between the Kings of France and their powerful vassals: the Angevin Dukes of Normandy (who were Kings of England), the Angevin Dukes of Brittany (who later inherited England), the Angevin Counts of Flanders-Hainaut [11] (descendants of the second son of Arthur I of Brittany and Joanna of Flanders-Hainaut), the Angevin Dukes of Aquitaine, the Dukes of Burgundy, and the Counts of Toulouse (who were Kings of Navarre) who claimed the County of Champagne.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]When Henry II, Duke of Aquitaine, came of age in 1216 he was made to swear fealty to the new King of France, Robert III (son of Robert II de Dreux and King both by direct male descent from Louis VI and by right of his wife Alice, Countess of Champagne [12], Alice's brother King Henri III having died c1215), and married off to Robert's daughter Iolande. Henry III of England and Arthur I of Brittany took offence and made war. Though Arthur won a battle near Bouvines [13] (thus affirming his lordship over Artois and Vermandois), Henry III's forces were defeated, thus leading to the reaffirmation of Aquitaine and Normandy-Anjou (referred to as Neustria).[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Hostilities broke out again when both England and Aquitaine faced disputed successions in 1270. Henry II of Aquitaine had died in 1221 in the Fifth Crusade leaving his son Henry III under the regency of his mother Princess Iolande of France and his brother in law Hugh X, Count of Angouleme & La Marche. Anticipating a future crisis in Aquitaine, Henry III of England married off his son Henry, "Prince of Neustria", to Sancha of Provence in 1235, alongside Baldwin (the future count) of Flanders-Hainaut to Eleanor of Provence, Henry III's 1st daughter Alice to Frederick II Hohenstaufen, German Roman Emperor, and Henry III's 2nd daughter Eleanor to Arthur II of Brittany. In 1243 Henry III of Aquitaine married Princess Blanca of Navarre, and with the birth of a healthy son, Henry, in 1249 the succession seemed secure.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Henry IV, the Pious, King of England ascended the throne following his father's death in the Seventh Crusade in 1248. Accepting that he would have no more children beyond his daughter Margaret, he made his nephew Arthur of Brittany heir to England, his daughter Margaret he made heir to Anjou, and his nephew Henry Hohenstaufen he made heir to Normandy. Margaret was betrothed to Ramon of Navarre, second son of King Theobald, but when Ramon died in 1248 and she followed soon after in 1250, Henry IV added Anjou to Henry Hohenstaufen's inheritance.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Henry III, Duke of Aquitaine, married off his daughters in 1257: Iolande (b1244) to William (b1240), 3rd son of Arthur II, Duke of Brittany; and Joanna (b1246) to his cousin Hugh XI, Count of Angouleme & La Marche.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Arthur of Brittany, heir to England, married Princess Alix of France in 1258 - Alix was the only child of Robert IV of France and his 1st wife Alice of Burgundy. Arthur's brother Henry married in 1262 to Princess Margaret of France - Margaret was the daughter of Robert IV and his 2nd wife Margaret of Ponthieu.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, also made plans to secure his inheritance. In 1248 he married his 2 sons Eudes and Robert (by Isabella, daughter of Robert III) to the heirs of Archambaud Dampierre, IX Lord of Bourbon, Count of Auxerre, Nevers, & Tonnerre – thus bringing those territories back under Burgundian control. Earlier in 1246 he had married his daughter Alice to Henri, Count of Macon, heir to the County-Ermine of Auvergne [14]; the couple had 2 sons: Pierre, Count-Ermine of Auvergne, who married his cousin Lady Isabelle of Bourbon (daughter of Robert) in 1272, and Hugh, Count of Macon, who married Princess Sancha of Navarre in 1270. Count Eudes's daughter, Marguerite, married Count Guy II of Forez in 1268.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]As King Henry IV of England grew ill, Robert IV of France grew concerned over the expectant inheritance of Neustria by the German Roman Emperor Heinrich VII Hohenstaufen and lack of influence in Toulouse. This lead to a series of battles culminating in the 1st Treaty of Paris c1269:[/FONT]



  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Toulouse and its holdings becomes a fief of the German Roman Empire – the Duchy of Toulouse includes Agenais, Armagnac, Bearn, Viscounty of Turenne, Viscounty of Carlat[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]France acknowledges that the German Roman Empire has overlordhsip of the Pyrenees and Spanish Marches[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Flanders and Artois are added to Hainaut under the German Roman Empire – becoming the Duchy of Picardy[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Counties of Vermandois and Amiens transferred to Enguerrand Count of Ponthieu – becoming Duchy of Sommee[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Duchy of Neustria transferred to Arthur II of Brittany's second son Henry, Count of Alenzon & Mortain[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]The involvement of German Roman Emperor Heinrich VII Hohenstaufen in these battles led to his excommunication by Pope Celestine V; the Pope also puts forward Ottokar II of Bohemia as a GmRE candidate.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]When Henry IV of Aquitaine died suddenly in 1270, Robert IV of France supported Hugh XI Lusignan, Count of Angouleme & La Marche, as Henry's successor but this was disputed by William Angevin, Prince (Provincial Lord) of Saintonge & Aunis (La Rochelle). The 2nd Treaty of Paris confirmed the division of Aquitaine:[/FONT]



  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]County of Poitou transferred to Hugh XI, Count of Angouleme & La Marche as Duke of Poitou[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Provinces of Saintonge & Aunis transferred to Aquitaine under William as Duke of Aquitaine[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]County of Limousin divided – Viscounty of Limoges to Poitou, Viscounty of Turenne to Toulouse, Viscounty of Ventadour to Ermine Auvergne, and Viscounty of Comborn to Aquitaine[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Ermine Count of Auvergne raised to Duke of Auvergne[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Count of Blois & Sancerre raised to Duke of Orleans[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]In 1302, William XII Angevin of Aquitaine transferred his feudal honours to the newly crowned King Arthur II of England (his cousin) citing both that Arthur’s mother Isabelle, being the eldest child of Robert IV of France, was his “rightful queen” above her halfbrother Robert V's son Pierre I, and that Arthur’s title of German Roman Emperor also took precedence [15]. A few battles and the successive deaths of William XII in 1304 and Arthur II in 1305 led to the Treaty of Evreux:[/FONT]



  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Confirmation of Aquitaine as a fief of France[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Independence of Brittany from France[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Transferral of lands of Coutances, Avranches, & the Channel Islands to Brittany[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][more text will follow when rewritten!][/FONT]

[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][11] Often called the Dukes of Picardy and holding the French fiefs of Artois, Cambrai, Flanders, and Vermandois[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][12] Alice's inheritance of the County of Champagne was disputed by her cousin King Theobald of Navarre. The Kings of Navarre also sometimes claimed France.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][13] His cousin Otto IV, German Roman Emperor, was killed in this battle[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][14] His father Pierre of Dreux, brother to Robert III, was awarded the northern parts of the contested County of Auvergne during the c.1206 battles between Guy II Count-Gonfannon of Auvergne and his brother Robert Count-Bishop of Clermont-en-Auvergne. There was also a Count-Dauphin of Auvergne, so named after Count Dauphin son of the usurped Count Guillaume VII of Auvergne and Marquise, daughter of Guiges IV Count of Albon styled the Dauphin of Vienne. As the Dauphins of Auvergne took to bearing a dolphin on their shield the other counts were later named after theirs: Count Ermine as Pierre bore a shield with ermine (originally ermine on a blue & gold chequy but later blue ermine on gold); Count Gonfannon as Guy bore the original County of Auvergne arms of a red gonfannon on gold.[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif][15] Arthur was elected German Roman Emperor following the death of Henry VII c1296.[/FONT]
 
[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Rough Timeline POD to 1300
[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1185: Death of Philippe II Capet of France. Succession of Henri II Champagne, grandson of Louis VII Capet.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1188: Richard Lionheart, Duke of Aquitaine, marries Princess Alais of France[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1191: Geoffrey the Eagle, Duke of Brittany dies during conquest of Cyprus[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1200: Death of Henri II of France. Henri III succeeds under regency of Robert II of Dreux.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1204: Marriage of Duke Arthur of Brittany to Countess Joanna of Flanders-Hainaut[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1207: Death of Henry II of England. Henry III succeeds under regency of William Marshall of Pembroke[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1211-1347: The Angevin Wars with France over fealty of English-held fiefs[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1214-16: Foundation of the Order of the Preachers (Dominicans) by Dominic of Guzman and Diego of Acebo following their trip to Denmark arranging a marriage between Ferdinand son of Alfonso VIII of Castile and a niece of Valdemar II of Denmark[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1214: Valdemar II of Denmark takes Margaret of Flanders-Hainaut (Joanna's sister) as his second wife1. He has 4 sons from this marriage: Eric b1216, twins John (Jens) and Cnut b1218, and Abel (also called Ballvi) b1220.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1241: Death of Valdemar II of Denmark. Eric IV conflicts with his brothers Jens, Duke of Slesvik, Cnut, Duke of Lolland, and Abel, Duke of Revelia (Danish Estonia)[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1244: Thibaud I King of Navarre marries Joanna heiress of Toulouse[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Danish conflict results in execution of Cnut in 1247 and the overthrow of Eric IV in 1251. Jens is elected by the Things of Jutland and Zealand as King of Denmark; but the Scanian Thing elects Abel Ballvi – though he only calls himself King of Scaneland & the Wends. Abel is supported by Valdemar Birgerson King of Sweden.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1250: Death of German Roman Emperor Friedrich II Hohenstaufen. His will leaves Swabia, Cyprus, & Sicily to his son Conrad, King of the Romans; the Kingdom of Arles was left to his son by Alice of England, Henry/Heinrich, who was also heir to Normandy-Anjou (Neustria); the Duchies of Austria & Styria were left to his grandson Friedrich (by his 1st son Heinrich); the regency of Sicily and the Principality of Taranto was left to his semi-legitimate son Manfred; and the County of Jaffa-Ascalon in the Kingdom of Jerusalem was left to his son Henry (being the dowry of his 4th wife Sybill)[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1252: Death of Friedrich of Austria-Styria. Austria-Styria reverts to the German Roman Emperor but claimed (and ruled de facto) by Ottokar II of Bohemia.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1252: Conrad III of Swabia, IV of Sicily, IV German Roman Emperor, invades Sicily.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1253: Pope Innocent IV offers Sicily to Baldwin of Tyre, son of Latin Roman Emperor Amalric, but he declines likening it to ownership of the moon.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1254: Death of King Johan (Jens) of Denmark. He leaves an underage son: Valdemar III under the regency of his wife Matilda of Holsten (married in 1237).[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1254: Marriage of Henry of Arles to Constance, heiress to County of Provence[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1254: Death of GmRE Conrad from malaria.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1254: Death of Pope Innocent IV, succeeded by Pope Alexander IV[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1256: Death of Anti-King William of Germany (II Count of Holland)[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]The Imperial Election in 1256 highlighted some concerns with the electoral process, the Prince Electors were: [/FONT]

  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]King of Bohemia – Ottokar II (participation disputed)[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Margrave of Brandenburg – John I of Brandenburg-Stendal and Otto III of Brandenburg-Salzwedel[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Ct Palatine of the Rhine – Louis II Wittelsbach (also Duke of Bavaria)[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Duke of Bavaria – Louis II as Duke of Upper Bavaria from 1255 and Henry XIII as Duke of Lower Bavaria from 1255[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Duke of Saxony – Albert I but infirm so his sons and co-regents Albert and John[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Archbishop of Mainz[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Archbishop of Trier[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Archbishop of Cologne[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Since 1220 the 2 sons of Margrave Albert II of Brandenburg, John I and Otto III, had shared their rule and title and often cast the Electoral vote jointly; the Rhine Palatinate had been held by the same individual since 1215 but in 1255 Ludwig II Wittelsbach (unlawfully) divided Bavaria with his brother Heinrich; Albert of Saxony was infirm and so his sons (and co-regents) voted on his behalf. Ottokar and the Ecclesiastic Electors refused to allow two Electors to be from the same dynasty (and therefore halve their own votes) despite frequent quarrels between the brothers; it took several sessions until Henry of Lower Bavaria agreed to abstain while the CoMargraves and regents of Saxony each agreed cast their vote jointly as a single vote.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]The candidates were (with non-Elector support in brackets):[/FONT]

  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Alfonso X of Castile – For: Brandenburg, Cologne, (The Pope)[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Ottokar II of Bohemia – For: Bohemia; Against: Rhine, Saxony[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Henry of Arles (age 18) – For: Trier, Rhine, (Manfred of Sicily), Against: Saxony[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Henry of Jaffa-Ascalon (age 16) – For: (The Pope), (LRE)[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Henry of Arles became German Roman Emperor Heinrich VII Hohenstaufen. After his election it was agreed that the Electoral dignity would alternate between the senior head of each line i.e Rhine vs Bavaria, Stendal vs Salzwedel, Lauenberg vs Wittenberg etc though this later promoted a fierce rivalry.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1256: Election of King Henry of Arles as German Roman Emperor Heinrich VII.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1257: Manfred of Sicily conquers Albania & Corfu from the Despotate of Epirus – and marries Helena Doukas of Epirus.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1258: Death of “King” Abel while attempting to conquer Zealand. 9 year old Valdemar Abelson, under the regency of Margaret Sambiria (married 1248), accepts Valdemar III as King in exchange for maintaining his possessions (and taxes).[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1259: Battle of Pelagonia – death of Baldwin of Tyre and capture of William II Villehardouin, Prince of Achaia.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1260: Valdemar III of Denmark (and the Wends) marries Margaret of Rugia[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1261: Michael VIII Palaeologus, Greek Roman Emperor of Nicaea, reconquers Constantinople from the Latin Roman Empire. Death of LRE Amalric in defence of the city.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1261: Pope Alexander IV succeeded by Pope Urban IV.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1263: Treaty of Naples – Henry of Arles crowned Emperor by the the Pope, Manfred of Sicily crowned King of Sicily, separation of Sicily from German Roman Empire, crusade launched against the Greeks.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Greek Crusade inconclusive – Greeks win in north, Latins in the south. Release of William II Villehardouin without OTL cession of territory[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1264: Pope Urban IV succeeded by Pope Celestine V. Celestine stirs up rivalry between Heinrich VII and Ottokar II, and Peter II of Aragon with Manfred of Sicily.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1266-74: Wars with France over Toulouse and Neustria.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1268: Death of Count Henry of Jaffa-Ascalon in battles against the Mamlukes.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1st Treaty of Paris c1269:[/FONT]

  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Toulouse and its holdings becomes a fief of the German Roman Empire – the Duchy of Toulouse includes Agenais, Armagnac, Bearn, Viscounty of Turenne, Viscounty of Carlat[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]France acknowledges that the German Roman Empire has overlordship of the Pyrenees and Spanish Marches[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Flanders and Artois are added to Hainaut under the German Roman Empire – becoming the Duchy of Picardy[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Counties of Vermandois and Amiens transferred to Enguerrand Count of Ponthieu – becoming Duchy of Sommee[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Duchy of Neustria transferred to Arthur II of Brittany's second son Henry, Count of Alenzon & Mortain[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]c1270: Death of Count Rudolf of Habsburg in the wars with France – succeeded by sons Albert and Hartmann.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1270: GmRE Heinrich VII marries Princess Maria of Hungary as his second wife[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]2nd Treaty of Paris confirmed the division of Aquitaine:[/FONT]

  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]County of Poitou transferred to Hugh XI, Count of Angouleme & La Marche as Duke of Poitou[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Provinces of Saintonge & Aunis transferred to Aquitaine under William as Duke of Aquitaine[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]County of Limousin divided – Viscounty of Limoges to Poitou, Viscounty of Turenne to Toulouse, Viscounty of Ventadour to Ermine Auvergne, and Viscounty of Comborn to Aquitaine[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Ermine Count of Auvergne raised to Duke of Auvergne[/FONT]
  • [FONT=Arial, sans-serif]Count of Blois & Sancerre raised to Duke of Orleans[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1274: Pope Celestine V succeeded by Gregory X.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1274-75: Pope Gregory X mediates a peace between Ottokar II and GmRE Heinrich VII – Austria-Styria awarded to Rudolf, son of Frederick (co)Margrave of Baden and Gertrude heiress of Austria-Styria, on marriage to Agnes, daughter of Ottokar II; Ottokar, Frederick, and Heinrich to share governorship until Rudolf's majority.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1275: Magnus I Birgerson of Sweden overthrows his brother King Valdemar with help from Valdemar III of Denmark and Valdermar, Duke of Blekinge & Revelia.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1275: Annales Britanniae published[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1277: Pope Gregory X succeeded by John XXI[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1278: King Manfred of Sicily divides his inheritance among his heirs: Frederick to receive the Kingdom of Apulian Sicily (Apulia), Henry to receive the Kingdom of Trinacrian Sicily (Sicily), and Enzio (ruled as Laurence) to receive the Kingdom of Albania & Corfu.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1279: Frederick Hohenstaufen becomes Count of Provence on the death of Henry Champagne.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1282: Death of Manfred of Sicily. King Peter of Aragon invades the Island of Sicily following riots against the incompetent Henry (Sicilian Vespers Rebellion) – Peter excommunicated by the Pope.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1283: Erik II of Norway marries Princess Constance of Scotland. His sister Margaret marries Prince Constantine of Scotland[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1283: Defeat of German Imperial Forces under Count Frederick of Provence against Aragon; Frederick killed in battle.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1287: Treaty of Rome confirms Sicily under Aragon. Majorca and Navarre recognise Aragon overlordship.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1287: Death of Valdemar III of Denmark. He is succeeded by his grandson Erik V, son of his late son Johan II Duke of Slesvik, under the regency of Valdemar, Duke of Revelia & Blekinge, Johan the One-Eyed Count of Holsten-Kiel, and Gerhard Count of Holsten-Ploen.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]c1290: Death of Frederick Hohenstaufen's young son and heir Henry.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1296: Death of German Roman Emperor Heinrich VII Hohenstaufen. Election of Arthur II of England as his successor.[/FONT]


[FONT=Arial, sans-serif]1296: Ludwig III Palatine Count of the Rhine, Duke of Upper Bavaria, marries Margaret of Brandenburg[/FONT]
 
What to do about Ottokar II?

I need to resolve some important issues re Ottokar II of Bohemia.

As of 1270 he controls Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, Austria, Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola. He's just defeated the Hungarians again and the Pope would like him to be the German Roman Emperor (true enough in OTL too).

I'd like to avoid war between Ottokar and Henry VII and 1274 seems a good time for the new ATL Pope Gregory X to promote a treaty between the two. Especially as GmRE Henry has come out of France with Toulouse, Flanders, & Artois.

In ATL Frederick (co)Margrave of Baden has survived (as no Conradin) and is married to Matilda Habsburg. He has a claim to Austria & Styria through his mother the last of the Babenbergs. Should he get these? Or be compensated with Carinthia and/or Carniola?
 
Geoffrey and John would not have on gone on Crusade. Henry would have never sent John on anything remotely resembling a Crusade or a possible conflict where he could die. John, while not the heir by birth, was Henry's most favorite son. Henry wanted John to succeed him as King and would not risk his death.

Geoffrey would remain behind as well as he would be more valuable in his role as Duke of Brittany given the recent change of Kings in France. Geoffrey was the best diplomat the English had to France as he spent most of his time at the King's Court in OTL. There is no reason to believe that this would change in the ATL as Henry II would want to know the measure of the new boy King and who is really running things in France and a measure of that man as well. Also Geoffrey was setup to be John's right-hand man by Henry, there is no way he would risk them both.

Richard would go on Crusade if asked by his father for two reasons:

1. He was a fighter.
2. He wanted Henry's approval.

I also think having Henry live until 1207 is a bit of a stretch. He would have been 74yrs old and I think is to unrealistic. There would still be rebellions after Phillip died. The French would have no reason not to support Henry's sons in attempt to remove him from power. The more disruptions they can cause for England, the better position France moves into. Richard wanted the Crown right away so there is no reason he would not ask for continued French assistance and he might even seek help from other nations. I think the rebellions would continue and there is still a good chance of Henry dying at the same point he did in OTL.
 
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Valdemar II

Banned
Denmark is going to be interesting, especially if the Dukes of Mecklenburg inherited it, in OTL, Mecklenburg* and Lübeck was two of the primary opponents of Denmark, with Mecklenburg in union with Denmark, Lübeck is more less at the mercy of the emperor, and the Hanses power has becomed limited. Likely we will see the Danish Kngs more or less annex the Hanse outside Germany.
In OTL Denmark was more or less in Mortgaged away in this periode, without that Denmark is mostly free to vassalise Germany north of Elb, the Emperor showd little interest in stopping Valdemar II from doing so, a union with Mecklenburg will only streghten Denmarks ability to do so.

*Mecklenburg was in medieval periode, a much more important state than later.
 
Geoffrey and John would not have on gone on Crusade. Henry would have never sent John on anything remotely resembling a Crusade or a possible conflict where he could die. John, while not the heir by birth, was Henry's most favorite son. Henry wanted John to succeed him as King and would not risk his death.

Geoffrey would remain behind as well as he would be more valuable in his role as Duke of Brittany given the recent change of Kings in France. Geoffrey was the best diplomat the English had to France as he spent most of his time at the King's Court in OTL. There is no reason to believe that this would change in the ATL as Henry II would want to know the measure of the new boy King and who is really running things in France and a measure of that man as well. Also Geoffrey was setup to be John's right-hand man by Henry, there is no way he would risk them both.

Richard would go on Crusade if asked by his father for two reasons:

1. He was a fighter.
2. He wanted Henry's approval.

I also think having Henry live until 1207 is a bit of a stretch. He would have been 74yrs old and I think is to unrealistic. There would still be rebellions after Phillip died. The French would have no reason not to support Henry's sons in attempt to remove him from power. The more disruptions they can cause for England, the better position France moves into. Richard wanted the Crown right away so there is no reason he would not ask for continued French assistance and he might even seek help from other nations. I think the rebellions would continue and there is still a good chance of Henry dying at the same point he did in OTL.

You raise some good points. While I'll concede that John would not go on crusade from what I know of Geoffrey he'd fight to go anyway! So sending off Richard and Geoffrey on his behalf would make sense, indeed using Geoffrey as a diplomat with Henri II of France might be rewarding.
The rebellions by Henry's sons will await the end of the Crusade c1193 but without the shrewdness of Phillippe Henry was more than capable of dealing with them. I alos think Henri II of France would be too honourable to interfere (tho obviously not the Dreuxs!).
Yes 74 might be a tad unrealistic but Henry was still in the best of shape at 56 when he got an infected wound following a clash with Richard, and certainly in better shape than the Capets who all lived into their 60s, so will you forgive me a little license here with the great man? ;)
 
Hmm, with a weaker France, regions like Tolouse and Burgundy will gain considerably more autonomy.

Maps would be useful to see who rules what.
 
What of Spain?

Aragon had strong ambitions over Languedoc and Toulouse. The Counts of Barcelona all descended from the house of the lords of Carcassonne, and even if Toulouse was stable and independent from France, the Albigensian Crusade is still pretty much possible. If so, the king of Aragon, probably Peter the Catholic as in real life, would have something to say.

At Sancho the Strong's death, Navarre was left without a male heir of the former dynasty. King James the Conqueror signed a pact with him, according to which the first to die would inherit the other one's kingdom. James could have pressed this claim. In real life, he gave up Occitan ambitions, but if his father Peter didn't die at Muret in 1214, he would have probably kept on pursuing this goals. Peter wasn't the most cunning politician, but he had huge balls. Enough to fight this possible Toulouse-Navarre merging and try to keep both Navarre and Toulouse for himself.

Sorry if I missed something in your timeline. I like it very much so far.
 
What of Spain?

Aragon had strong ambitions over Languedoc and Toulouse. The Counts of Barcelona all descended from the house of the lords of Carcassonne, and even if Toulouse was stable and independent from France, the Albigensian Crusade is still pretty much possible. If so, the king of Aragon, probably Peter the Catholic as in real life, would have something to say.

At Sancho the Strong's death, Navarre was left without a male heir of the former dynasty. King James the Conqueror signed a pact with him, according to which the first to die would inherit the other one's kingdom. James could have pressed this claim. In real life, he gave up Occitan ambitions, but if his father Peter didn't die at Muret in 1214, he would have probably kept on pursuing this goals. Peter wasn't the most cunning politician, but he had huge balls. Enough to fight this possible Toulouse-Navarre merging and try to keep both Navarre and Toulouse for himself.

Sorry if I missed something in your timeline. I like it very much so far.

Dude. You waited 18 months to post this.
NECRO TO THE MAX!
 
So does the writer of the timeline remember it? Because it sounds like it was an idea worth exploring.

Even if thread necromancy is the blackest of the black arts.
 
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