Paul V McNutt
Banned
This is not about any girl groups of the 60s. It concerns the US Supreme Court. Our first P.O.D. is Earl Warren announcing his retirement a year earlier in 1967. (OTL he did so in 1968, President Lyndon Johnson wanted to replace Warren with his friend Associate Justice Abe Fortas. but Republican Senators filibustered Fortas nomination in a successful attempt to let Nixon fill the vacancy. ) Fortas won approval The Senate also confirmed Homer Thornberry another Johnson crony for Fortas' seat. In 1967 the busy Senate also approved Thurgood Marshall, who replaced Tom Clark who resigned when his son Ramsey was named Attorney General.
In 1971, Hugo Black and John Harlan retired. President Richard Nixon's replacement for Harlan, Warren Berger easily won Senate confirmation but the Senate rejected Clement Haynesworth. Nixon's choice for Black's seat. Hayensworth's replacement G. Harold Carswell also did not win his Senate vote. Nixon then named Warren Berger's friend Harry Blackmun who won approval.. 1975 President Ford replaced William O Douglas with John Paul Stevens.In 1978, Homer Thornberry resigned and President Carter named the first women justice Shirley Hoffstedder. In 1979, Carter replaced retiring Chief Justice Fortas with FBI Frank Johnson. ( Johnson was Federal District Court Judge in Alabama. He issued number of rulings that helped the civil rights movement. OTL in 1977, Carter wanted to appoint him Director of the FBI, but he had to decline because of a health problem. IN 1979, Carter elevated him to the Court Appeals. Since I don't think a newly selected appeals court judge would have the credibility to be named Chief Justice, I butter fled away his 1977 illness.) In 1981, President Reagan named Robert Bork to replace Potter Stewart. . In 1987, Reagan named Anton Scalia after Warren Burger retired. In 1990 President Bush named David Souter to take the place of William Brennan In 1993 President Clinton named Harry Edwards to replace Thurgood Marshall, George Mitchell to take the place of Chief Justice Johnson. Ruth Bader Ginsberg replaced Byron White. In 1994 Clinton choose Steven Breyer to replace Harry Blackmun. . In 2003 David Souter retired and President Gore choose Sonya Sotomeyer In 2005 Shirley Hoffstedder retired and Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm took her place. In 2007 President Gore picked Diane Wood to replace John Paul Stevens. Wood's appointment gave the giving the court its first female majority. On December 19, 2012 Justice Bork died. Outgoing President Mitt Romney became the first president since Andrew Johnson not have the opportunity to name a Supreme Court Justice. Democratic Senate leaders informed the president that they would not consider any nominee he sent down, President Elect Barrack Obama named Harvard Law School Dean Elena Kagen. After the end of the 2013 term Chef Justice Mitchell retired and President Obama named California Attorney General Kamala Harris
The Fortas Court faced a number of milestone cases. In 1971, they defended the freedom of the press in New York Times vs United States. In 1972 in Furman vs Georgia, they ruled that capitol punishment is too arbitrary and suffers from racial bias. In 1973's Row vs Wade, legalized abortion in the first trimester but left uncertain the question of regulations thereafter. Also in 1973, Miller vs California struck a blow at obscenity laws when it said that there were no exceptions to the First Amendment and required a civil judgment as the definition of obscenity. In 1974, a unanimous court in Nixon vs United States. ruled that executive privileged does not permit a president to withhold evidence in a criminal case 1976's Gregg vs Georgia the court set acceptable procedures for capital punishment. In 1976's Regents of the University of California vs Bakke in 1978, the court upheld racial quotes. The controversial case inspired the Civivil Rights Act of 1981, which banned racal quotes but acknowledged diversity as a goal and allowed race to continue as a consideration.
The Johnson Court two most notable cases were 1986's Bowers vs Hardwick , which struck down sodomy laws and 1992's Casey vs Planned Parenthood. The later case stuck down restrictions on abortions.
Under George Mitchell's leadership, the court handled many different issues. In 1995 Lopez vs United State, a case based on a federal law banning guns in public shoals, protected federal power In 1997, Clinton vs Jones a unanimous court ruled that a president is not immune from lawsuits. In 2000, Boy Scouts of American vs Dale found the Boy Scouts guilty of illegal discrimination because of their bans on gays. In December of that same year in Bush vs Gore, the court allowed the Florida recount to continue. The recount ended in Albert Gore's favor. In 2003 the Grutter vs Bollinger and Gratz vs Bollinger cases upheld affirmative action programs. 2007's Parents Involved in Community Schools vs Seattle School District 1 and Mereidtih vs Jefferson County School board upheld using racial classifications in classroom assignments . 2007's Gonzales vs Planned Parenthood Federation of America overturned a ban on partial birth abortion. 2008 District of Columbia vs Heller the court found that the 2nd Amendment did not provide an individual right to own a gun.2010 Citizens United vs Federal Election Commission the court upheld regulations on corporate political activity. The decision said coparartions do not enjoy first amendment rights . The 2013 term saw the court uphold the Voting Rights Act.The final dramatic act of the court that term established a constitutional right to marry. when it overruled California's Proposition 8. The Court also overruled DOMA and not only allowed gay married couples to receive federal benefits but required all states to recognize gay marriages
In 1971, Hugo Black and John Harlan retired. President Richard Nixon's replacement for Harlan, Warren Berger easily won Senate confirmation but the Senate rejected Clement Haynesworth. Nixon's choice for Black's seat. Hayensworth's replacement G. Harold Carswell also did not win his Senate vote. Nixon then named Warren Berger's friend Harry Blackmun who won approval.. 1975 President Ford replaced William O Douglas with John Paul Stevens.In 1978, Homer Thornberry resigned and President Carter named the first women justice Shirley Hoffstedder. In 1979, Carter replaced retiring Chief Justice Fortas with FBI Frank Johnson. ( Johnson was Federal District Court Judge in Alabama. He issued number of rulings that helped the civil rights movement. OTL in 1977, Carter wanted to appoint him Director of the FBI, but he had to decline because of a health problem. IN 1979, Carter elevated him to the Court Appeals. Since I don't think a newly selected appeals court judge would have the credibility to be named Chief Justice, I butter fled away his 1977 illness.) In 1981, President Reagan named Robert Bork to replace Potter Stewart. . In 1987, Reagan named Anton Scalia after Warren Burger retired. In 1990 President Bush named David Souter to take the place of William Brennan In 1993 President Clinton named Harry Edwards to replace Thurgood Marshall, George Mitchell to take the place of Chief Justice Johnson. Ruth Bader Ginsberg replaced Byron White. In 1994 Clinton choose Steven Breyer to replace Harry Blackmun. . In 2003 David Souter retired and President Gore choose Sonya Sotomeyer In 2005 Shirley Hoffstedder retired and Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm took her place. In 2007 President Gore picked Diane Wood to replace John Paul Stevens. Wood's appointment gave the giving the court its first female majority. On December 19, 2012 Justice Bork died. Outgoing President Mitt Romney became the first president since Andrew Johnson not have the opportunity to name a Supreme Court Justice. Democratic Senate leaders informed the president that they would not consider any nominee he sent down, President Elect Barrack Obama named Harvard Law School Dean Elena Kagen. After the end of the 2013 term Chef Justice Mitchell retired and President Obama named California Attorney General Kamala Harris
The Fortas Court faced a number of milestone cases. In 1971, they defended the freedom of the press in New York Times vs United States. In 1972 in Furman vs Georgia, they ruled that capitol punishment is too arbitrary and suffers from racial bias. In 1973's Row vs Wade, legalized abortion in the first trimester but left uncertain the question of regulations thereafter. Also in 1973, Miller vs California struck a blow at obscenity laws when it said that there were no exceptions to the First Amendment and required a civil judgment as the definition of obscenity. In 1974, a unanimous court in Nixon vs United States. ruled that executive privileged does not permit a president to withhold evidence in a criminal case 1976's Gregg vs Georgia the court set acceptable procedures for capital punishment. In 1976's Regents of the University of California vs Bakke in 1978, the court upheld racial quotes. The controversial case inspired the Civivil Rights Act of 1981, which banned racal quotes but acknowledged diversity as a goal and allowed race to continue as a consideration.
The Johnson Court two most notable cases were 1986's Bowers vs Hardwick , which struck down sodomy laws and 1992's Casey vs Planned Parenthood. The later case stuck down restrictions on abortions.
Under George Mitchell's leadership, the court handled many different issues. In 1995 Lopez vs United State, a case based on a federal law banning guns in public shoals, protected federal power In 1997, Clinton vs Jones a unanimous court ruled that a president is not immune from lawsuits. In 2000, Boy Scouts of American vs Dale found the Boy Scouts guilty of illegal discrimination because of their bans on gays. In December of that same year in Bush vs Gore, the court allowed the Florida recount to continue. The recount ended in Albert Gore's favor. In 2003 the Grutter vs Bollinger and Gratz vs Bollinger cases upheld affirmative action programs. 2007's Parents Involved in Community Schools vs Seattle School District 1 and Mereidtih vs Jefferson County School board upheld using racial classifications in classroom assignments . 2007's Gonzales vs Planned Parenthood Federation of America overturned a ban on partial birth abortion. 2008 District of Columbia vs Heller the court found that the 2nd Amendment did not provide an individual right to own a gun.2010 Citizens United vs Federal Election Commission the court upheld regulations on corporate political activity. The decision said coparartions do not enjoy first amendment rights . The 2013 term saw the court uphold the Voting Rights Act.The final dramatic act of the court that term established a constitutional right to marry. when it overruled California's Proposition 8. The Court also overruled DOMA and not only allowed gay married couples to receive federal benefits but required all states to recognize gay marriages
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