OK, all, I'm starting the next chapter.
Hope you like it.
Quasi-War 6: "The Age of Revolution"
Background up to Quasi-War VI:
A while back, I started a TL to explore the President John Adams Era "Quasi-War" in OTL between France and the United States. In OTL, it was reduced to several years of commerce raiding but eventually petered out in the great French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. The United States, desiring neutrality, attempted to keep out of any "entangling alliances" and managed to avoid conflict until 1812 when impressments of American sailors led to the War of 1812 with Great Britain.
My Quasi-War I and II TL delves into what would have happened if the naval conflict with France escalated. As extremely long TL's are difficult to track, especially for new readers, I broke them into separate Threads (in sequence) to keep the length to manageable levels. There were about 30 chapters in each TL.
My Quasi-War III timeline delves into the US expansion westward from 1828 to 1832, the continued rivalry of France and the UK in a world where Bonapartist Rule of Western Europe continued, the breakup of the Mexican and Brazilian OTL countries and assorted odds and ends.
Quasi-War IV followed the development of the United States west and into the Pacific, the end of slavery, the Asian rebellions against European Authority, the Anglo-French War of 1859 and the development of the primarily Islamic North Africa and Middle East.
Quasi-War V followed the years between the major wars, roughly in 1880. Key subplots included the Boer War, the Egyptian War and the rise of China culminating in the conquest of French Honshu.
Here are the previous TL's if you wish to go back and read them. I tried to keep the chapters to about 30 per installment:
Quasi-War 1 - 1794 to 1808 - The Adams Era
https://www.alternatehistory.com/disc...d.php?t=344281
Quasi-War 2 - 1808 to 1812 - The Burr Era
https://www.alternatehistory.com/disc...d.php?t=366914
Quasi-War 3 - 1828 to 1832 - The J. Q. Adams Era
https://www.alternatehistory.com/disc...d.php?t=368565
Quasi-War 4 - 1857 to 1861 - The Jefferson Davis Era
https://www.alternatehistory.com/disc...d.php?t=370199
Quasi-War 5 – 1880 to 1881 – The Interlude between major wars https://www.alternatehistory.com/discussion/showthread.php?t=374541
Here are the main bullet point divergences from OTL of the previous five Quasi-War series:
North America
1. Washington and Adams had a slightly earlier military buildup, which allows an early Barbary War which, in turn, is enough for Adams to be reelected in 1800 based on a bump in popularity.
2. Adams refuses to pay back remaining French loans while France is preying on American shipping in the true OTL "Quasi-War". The US gravitates towards alliance with Great Britain.
3. France invades British Quebec in a surprise attack and launches to major raids on the American south to incite a slave rebellion as a reprisal for America trading with Britain. Napoleon decides against sending an army to put down San Dominigue's slave revolt. This brings America into alliance with Britain.
4. The United States takes defacto sovereignty over "Upper Canada" (Ontario) as it is cut off from the sea anyway. The US eventually buys both Upper Canada (OTL Ontario, soon to be renamed the state of Huron) and the Hudson Bay Territory.
5. The US invades Florida and Louisiana, both Spanish at the time, on the premise that Spain was a French ally. The US quickly encourages emigration to these areas and Tejas, which remained in dispute.
6. Britain assumes control over most of the Caribbean, excluding Cuba, Puerto Rico, San Dominigue, Guadeloupe and Martinique. They fail, however, in attempt to conquer or liberate the Rio Plata and New Granada.
7. After the capture of the Portuguese Royal Family, Britain establishes a "Protectorate" over Brazil.
8. Aaron Burr is elected US President in 1808.
9. A short peace is quickly disrupted by another war in Europe. Infante Ferdinand, heir to Spain, tries to overthrown his father, King Charles IV. Instead of seeking assistance from France, he asks from help from Great Britain. The French ally with Charles and force the Infante to flee to Britain.
10. Much of New Spain (Mexico) revolts. Britain and the US help the revolutionaries, whom swiftly break into many factions and, after years, several nations. Infante Ferdinand eventually assumes control over New Granada (Venezuela and Colombia). The US claims much of the land in OTL claimed in the Mexican War. They also conquer Guyana (French and Dutch) and lay claim to Spanish and Portuguese Guyana as well.
11. Due to the slave rebellions, the US Presidents Adams and Burr, forbid the extension of slavery into these conquered lands (most of which were "free" or on their way). The Trans-Atlantic slave trade is banned and the US enters into an agreement with Great Britain to police and eliminate the trade. Delaware, Tennessee and Kentucky, dismayed by the hundreds of thousands of deaths due to the southern slave rebellions, eventually move to being "free states". Only Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia remain "slave" states by 1820. This causes severe friction as they are badly outnumbered in congress, feeling their interests are ignored. Also, they want to move into western lands as cotton and tobacco is depleting their own lands. Fearing more insurrections, many southern states enact codes banning free blacks from residing within their limits and force them to sail for new "freedmen" colonies in west Africa.
12. The Federalist and Democratic-Republican Parties merge in 1812 to form the Union Party. The southern states slowly start forming an alliance between Southern Federalists and Democrats to challenge this new dominant party.
13. By 1828, there are 23 states in the union, 18 are "Free" and 5 are "Slave".
14. Burr is reelected in 1816 for a 3rd term. John Quincy Adams is elected in 1820, 1824 and 1828 on the Union ticket. No incumbent President has ever lost a reelection bid.
15. In the 1830's, the United States takes effective possession of the American and Canadian west, though, at this point, the population is still very low and it will take years to establish full control.
16. The nations south of the United States (OTL Mexico) fight a number of wars among themselves, with America attempting to maintain a balance of power.
17. In 1830, Quebec launches a war of Independence from France, with results in "Home Rule" under French auspices.
18. The United States, under its claim to Guyana, also begin encroaching into territory of OTL Brazil, which is broken up into several feuding nations. Controlling the mouth of the Amazon, the US gets effective control of the vast Amazon Basin. Rubber is determined to be a potential lucrative crop of the former backwater. The Unites States is also claiming Tierra del Fuego and is eyeing Patagonia for naval and strategic purposes.
19. Under 3 Term President John Quincy Adams, the United States comes to a milder set of agreements with the native tribes, setting up several permanent reservations across the country, especially with the large eastern tribes. The Great Plains Indians would prove more problematic.
20. William Henry Harrison is elected President in 1832. He dies weeks into his administration, leaving his put-upon Vice-President, Zebulon Pike, as the first President to assume office upon the death/resignation of the previous President, sparking a potential constitutional crisis.
21. Slavery has been restricted to five states: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Due to exhausted soil, the institution isn't prospering and the United States offers to buy and free slaves from any individual willing to sell them. Though this brings cries of a conspiracy against the "southern culture", many willingly do so. However, due to the "Black Codes" of many southern states, they are required to be shipped away from American soil in an effort to prevent them from returning and inciting rebellions among the remaining slaves. This is agreed as a compromise, though a challenge is made to the Supreme Court.
22. The "Blight" which affected potatoes in Ireland, Scotland, Flanders, Prussia and Scandanavian countries occurs a decade earlier than OTL, prompting an immigration wave.
23. Jefferson Davis is elected in 1856 to the Presidency. He is moderate in most policies, leading to the formation of a "Radical" Party, which is the Unionist Party's first major opposition in 2 generations for control of American politics.
24. The early years of Jefferson Davis' sole term are spent acquiring islands in the Pacific to use as bases (Hawaii, Fiji, Samoa, Tahiti, Hokkaido, Sakhalin, the Ryuku Islands, Tsushima) and building up the Navy to challenge the British and French, whom are in their own naval arms race.
25. The issue of slavery is the sole uniting factor behind the Radical Party. Davis, his former Chief of Staff, Senator Abraham Lincoln, and Unionist Party Strategist, Congressman John A. MacDonald, attempt to undermine this unity by passing legislation to formally ban slavery in the remaining five "slave states" of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia (and DC) within twelve years. Unlike the Radicals, the Unionists accede to southern demands to remove slaves to the expansive "Sierra Leone" colony which now takes up most of the western coast of Africa.
26. In 1860, the United States wages the "Iberian-American War" over a three month period after the USS Savannah blows up in Havana Harbor. At this point, Cuba was under a rebellion against Iberian rule led by former Mexican General Santa Anna. The United States secures Cuban Independence as well as acquiring the Cape Verde Islands, Sao Tome, Principe, Bioko and all Spanish territories in the Pacific west of the Iberian East Indies (Guam, the Marshall Islands and the Caroline Islands).
27. Having undercut the Radical Party's platform, John A. MacDonald masterminds the 1860 election for the Unionists and Abraham Lincoln is elected President. Jefferson Davis had declined to run again after suffering a stroke.
28. The United States has expanded by several states, including two massive states in South America (Guyana and Amazonia) and now reaches over 30,000,000 citizens, larger than all European countries except for France and Russia.
29. Radical James Blaine wins the 1880 Election, the first non-Unionist President in over a generation.
POD in Europe:
I kept OTL in Europe for most of the way until 1807.
1. Emperor Napoleon decides to side with Charles IV of Spain and evict his son, rather than invading Spain. This allows the joint Franco-Spanish Army to concentrate on Portugal.
2. Instead of invading Russia, Napoleon allies with Czar Alexander to overrun Ottoman Europe, retake Istanbul (Constantinople) and allow Russia naval access to the Mediterranean via the Bosphorus. This causes Great Britain to opposes this move and forms a break between the potential allies. The Czar's brother, Konstantine, is made King of Greece. The rest of the Balkans is made independent and neutral.
3. Emperor Napoleon dies of stomach cancer in late 1811, leaving his infant son Napoleon II under the care of his elder brother, Joseph, King of Portugal.
4. Joseph arranges the marriage between his eldest daughter and Charles IV's second son (and new heir as Ferdinand has been removed from the succession).
5. Joseph ends the war large post-bellum. A few colonies seized in the war by Britain are given back to France, the Netherlands, Spain and Portugal. Most are kept by Britain and America keeps their conquests in Florida, Louisiana, the American west and Guyana.
6. In the end, French hegemony is preserved in Western Europe after the "Napoleonic Wars".
7. In 1830, a rebellion against King Carlos' autocratic rule in Spain convinces his brother, Ferdinand the Usurper, to attempt to regain his throne. He fails and dies, leaving his widow and infant daughter to his brother's care. It is determined that she shall marry her cousin and unite the feuding House of Bourbon. A similar rebellion occurs in Portugal in the name of the ousted House of Braganza (exiles with Ferdinand in England). This fails under the weight of French troops under King Joseph]
Bonaparte, whom is regent for his nephew in Paris. Soon the Kingdoms of Portugal and Spain would be united, as King Joseph's daughter and heiress is married to King Carlos.
8. France invades Algeria in 1832 under Emperor Napoleon II, whom reassumes control of his Empire upon reaching his majority and tells his uncle, Regent Joseph, to see to his own Kingdom of Portugal. Irritated by constant British supremacy at sea, the "sailor Emperor", known due to Napoleon II's love of the sea, begins plotting against his nation's most consistent enemy, Great Britain. He also determines to attempt to recreate a great empire to challenge Russia and Britain. Left with only a handful of overseas lands, France looks to what remains to be claimed.
9. Czar Nicholas of Russia is overthrown and assassinated by an army coup, leaving his teenage son Alexander II as the new Czar.
10. Napoleon II effectively annexes Morocco from the Iberian Joint Monarchy due to Iberia's incapacity to manage. He then begins a violent suppression of all dissent that borders on genocide.
11. Seeing France slaughter their fellow Muslims, French-ally Egypt quietly negotiates with Britain for an alliance. The Suez Canal opens in 1867. Egypt also conquers western Arabia, which is still the nominal fief of the Ottoman Porte, granting him control of Mecca and Medina, as well as the Red Sea.
12. Franco-Russian jointly controlled Aramea-Palastina has been resettled by Jews and Christians for fifty years following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire (which is now a truncated state). This immigration explodes in the 2nd half of the 19th century. The once-dominant Sunni Arabs are already a minority by 1880. By 1900, they represent less than 20% of the population.
13. In 1859, France gains a momentary advantage in modern warships and invades Britain. The invasion is stopped at the Thames but leaves enormous economic and psychological scars on the British Empire. After six months, the Franco-Irish-Westphalian-Polish troops withdraw. Among the casualties included the death of Prince Albert, husband of Princess Victoria, and Lord Albert (Bertie), their oldest son whom lost an arm in combat.
14. In the late 19th Century, Russia is beset by a large series of strikes, intending to force economic and political change.
15. Demographically, Europe has expanded greatly due to a population boom, especially in Russia and Germany. These causes great political pressure. Britain and Ireland’s population stabilize by the end of the 19th Century, partially due to mass emigration to the United States (Irish) and to the British colonies (Canada, Cape Colony, Australia, New Zealand).
16. In 1880, the long age of the Habsburg Dynasty is over. Austria-Hungary, beset by revolution, tears itself apart. Rudolf II becomes Emperor of the Germans as Austria joins the German Confederation. The Crowns of Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia are given to relatives.
17. Bulgaria and Serbia begin a series of low level border conflicts.
Africa
1. France conquers most of North Africa by 1860 (Morocco, Algeria, Tunis north of the Atlas mountains. Most of the population is killed, driven out, forced into “indentured servitude” in the French Caribbean or converted
2. The Boers, more demographically powerful due to higher immigration from French-Occupied Netherlands, are able to defeat the British in 1880 and form their own independent nations in southeast Africa.
3. Egypt, overwhelmed by debt, is forced into Joint Occupation and Government by France and Great Britain in 1881.
4. In 1900, the vast Sierra Leone Colony, an Anglo-American joint colony from Senagal to Angola, is renamed the United Nations of Africa. It is politically dominated by freed American and European colonial slaves relocated to Africa in the 19th Century.
5. Ethiopia, with the defeat of the Mahdists and Egyptians, has formed a significant Eastern Africa Empire, controlling Eritrea and Somalia.
Asia
1. In 185791861, the Sepoy Rebellion succeeds and most of the Indian Subcontinent and Burma is freed from British dominion. Only a small portion of the southeast remains, the Presidency of Madras.
2. In 1854, the Taiping Rebellion succeeds and a Ming Emperor is put on the throne by Shi Dakai, the Taiping General. As many as 20% of China's population follows this new faith, though the Ming Emperor (himself a disciple) ensures freedom of religion.
3. By 1861, China expels the Europeans dominating their country, (except Hong Kong) ending the draining Opium trade, then retake Manchuria, the homeland and sanctuary of the ousted Qing Emperor.
4. In 1860, Russia temporarily loses the new settlement of Vladivostok to Manchuria but regains it a year later. Russian client state Mongolia reconquers former lands in western China and regains control over Tibet.
5. The Nipponese Civil war ends with the French-allied Shogun controlling Honshu, the British-allied Emperor controls Kyushu and Shokuku. The United States controls thinly populated Hokkaido, which within five years is a multi-cultural mix.
6. In the Peace of 1861, Britain claims the Solomon Islands, New Guinea and formerly French New Caledonia.
7. Russia, already dominating the Transcaucacous, invades northern Persia, Britain controls southern Persia. Two new religions, Bab'i and Baha'i, begin converting large numbers of Shi'a Muslims in Persia and Basra
8. A resurgent China wars with France over an Indochinese border dispute. China fails to reconquer Indochina but manages to take the French “protectorate” of Honshu. The last Shogun commits suicide.
Hope you like it.
Quasi-War 6: "The Age of Revolution"
A while back, I started a TL to explore the President John Adams Era "Quasi-War" in OTL between France and the United States. In OTL, it was reduced to several years of commerce raiding but eventually petered out in the great French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. The United States, desiring neutrality, attempted to keep out of any "entangling alliances" and managed to avoid conflict until 1812 when impressments of American sailors led to the War of 1812 with Great Britain.
My Quasi-War I and II TL delves into what would have happened if the naval conflict with France escalated. As extremely long TL's are difficult to track, especially for new readers, I broke them into separate Threads (in sequence) to keep the length to manageable levels. There were about 30 chapters in each TL.
My Quasi-War III timeline delves into the US expansion westward from 1828 to 1832, the continued rivalry of France and the UK in a world where Bonapartist Rule of Western Europe continued, the breakup of the Mexican and Brazilian OTL countries and assorted odds and ends.
Quasi-War IV followed the development of the United States west and into the Pacific, the end of slavery, the Asian rebellions against European Authority, the Anglo-French War of 1859 and the development of the primarily Islamic North Africa and Middle East.
Quasi-War V followed the years between the major wars, roughly in 1880. Key subplots included the Boer War, the Egyptian War and the rise of China culminating in the conquest of French Honshu.
Here are the previous TL's if you wish to go back and read them. I tried to keep the chapters to about 30 per installment:
Quasi-War 1 - 1794 to 1808 - The Adams Era
https://www.alternatehistory.com/disc...d.php?t=344281
Quasi-War 2 - 1808 to 1812 - The Burr Era
https://www.alternatehistory.com/disc...d.php?t=366914
Quasi-War 3 - 1828 to 1832 - The J. Q. Adams Era
https://www.alternatehistory.com/disc...d.php?t=368565
Quasi-War 4 - 1857 to 1861 - The Jefferson Davis Era
https://www.alternatehistory.com/disc...d.php?t=370199
Quasi-War 5 – 1880 to 1881 – The Interlude between major wars https://www.alternatehistory.com/discussion/showthread.php?t=374541
Here are the main bullet point divergences from OTL of the previous five Quasi-War series:
North America
1. Washington and Adams had a slightly earlier military buildup, which allows an early Barbary War which, in turn, is enough for Adams to be reelected in 1800 based on a bump in popularity.
2. Adams refuses to pay back remaining French loans while France is preying on American shipping in the true OTL "Quasi-War". The US gravitates towards alliance with Great Britain.
3. France invades British Quebec in a surprise attack and launches to major raids on the American south to incite a slave rebellion as a reprisal for America trading with Britain. Napoleon decides against sending an army to put down San Dominigue's slave revolt. This brings America into alliance with Britain.
4. The United States takes defacto sovereignty over "Upper Canada" (Ontario) as it is cut off from the sea anyway. The US eventually buys both Upper Canada (OTL Ontario, soon to be renamed the state of Huron) and the Hudson Bay Territory.
5. The US invades Florida and Louisiana, both Spanish at the time, on the premise that Spain was a French ally. The US quickly encourages emigration to these areas and Tejas, which remained in dispute.
6. Britain assumes control over most of the Caribbean, excluding Cuba, Puerto Rico, San Dominigue, Guadeloupe and Martinique. They fail, however, in attempt to conquer or liberate the Rio Plata and New Granada.
7. After the capture of the Portuguese Royal Family, Britain establishes a "Protectorate" over Brazil.
8. Aaron Burr is elected US President in 1808.
9. A short peace is quickly disrupted by another war in Europe. Infante Ferdinand, heir to Spain, tries to overthrown his father, King Charles IV. Instead of seeking assistance from France, he asks from help from Great Britain. The French ally with Charles and force the Infante to flee to Britain.
10. Much of New Spain (Mexico) revolts. Britain and the US help the revolutionaries, whom swiftly break into many factions and, after years, several nations. Infante Ferdinand eventually assumes control over New Granada (Venezuela and Colombia). The US claims much of the land in OTL claimed in the Mexican War. They also conquer Guyana (French and Dutch) and lay claim to Spanish and Portuguese Guyana as well.
11. Due to the slave rebellions, the US Presidents Adams and Burr, forbid the extension of slavery into these conquered lands (most of which were "free" or on their way). The Trans-Atlantic slave trade is banned and the US enters into an agreement with Great Britain to police and eliminate the trade. Delaware, Tennessee and Kentucky, dismayed by the hundreds of thousands of deaths due to the southern slave rebellions, eventually move to being "free states". Only Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia remain "slave" states by 1820. This causes severe friction as they are badly outnumbered in congress, feeling their interests are ignored. Also, they want to move into western lands as cotton and tobacco is depleting their own lands. Fearing more insurrections, many southern states enact codes banning free blacks from residing within their limits and force them to sail for new "freedmen" colonies in west Africa.
12. The Federalist and Democratic-Republican Parties merge in 1812 to form the Union Party. The southern states slowly start forming an alliance between Southern Federalists and Democrats to challenge this new dominant party.
13. By 1828, there are 23 states in the union, 18 are "Free" and 5 are "Slave".
14. Burr is reelected in 1816 for a 3rd term. John Quincy Adams is elected in 1820, 1824 and 1828 on the Union ticket. No incumbent President has ever lost a reelection bid.
15. In the 1830's, the United States takes effective possession of the American and Canadian west, though, at this point, the population is still very low and it will take years to establish full control.
16. The nations south of the United States (OTL Mexico) fight a number of wars among themselves, with America attempting to maintain a balance of power.
17. In 1830, Quebec launches a war of Independence from France, with results in "Home Rule" under French auspices.
18. The United States, under its claim to Guyana, also begin encroaching into territory of OTL Brazil, which is broken up into several feuding nations. Controlling the mouth of the Amazon, the US gets effective control of the vast Amazon Basin. Rubber is determined to be a potential lucrative crop of the former backwater. The Unites States is also claiming Tierra del Fuego and is eyeing Patagonia for naval and strategic purposes.
19. Under 3 Term President John Quincy Adams, the United States comes to a milder set of agreements with the native tribes, setting up several permanent reservations across the country, especially with the large eastern tribes. The Great Plains Indians would prove more problematic.
20. William Henry Harrison is elected President in 1832. He dies weeks into his administration, leaving his put-upon Vice-President, Zebulon Pike, as the first President to assume office upon the death/resignation of the previous President, sparking a potential constitutional crisis.
21. Slavery has been restricted to five states: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. Due to exhausted soil, the institution isn't prospering and the United States offers to buy and free slaves from any individual willing to sell them. Though this brings cries of a conspiracy against the "southern culture", many willingly do so. However, due to the "Black Codes" of many southern states, they are required to be shipped away from American soil in an effort to prevent them from returning and inciting rebellions among the remaining slaves. This is agreed as a compromise, though a challenge is made to the Supreme Court.
22. The "Blight" which affected potatoes in Ireland, Scotland, Flanders, Prussia and Scandanavian countries occurs a decade earlier than OTL, prompting an immigration wave.
23. Jefferson Davis is elected in 1856 to the Presidency. He is moderate in most policies, leading to the formation of a "Radical" Party, which is the Unionist Party's first major opposition in 2 generations for control of American politics.
24. The early years of Jefferson Davis' sole term are spent acquiring islands in the Pacific to use as bases (Hawaii, Fiji, Samoa, Tahiti, Hokkaido, Sakhalin, the Ryuku Islands, Tsushima) and building up the Navy to challenge the British and French, whom are in their own naval arms race.
25. The issue of slavery is the sole uniting factor behind the Radical Party. Davis, his former Chief of Staff, Senator Abraham Lincoln, and Unionist Party Strategist, Congressman John A. MacDonald, attempt to undermine this unity by passing legislation to formally ban slavery in the remaining five "slave states" of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia (and DC) within twelve years. Unlike the Radicals, the Unionists accede to southern demands to remove slaves to the expansive "Sierra Leone" colony which now takes up most of the western coast of Africa.
26. In 1860, the United States wages the "Iberian-American War" over a three month period after the USS Savannah blows up in Havana Harbor. At this point, Cuba was under a rebellion against Iberian rule led by former Mexican General Santa Anna. The United States secures Cuban Independence as well as acquiring the Cape Verde Islands, Sao Tome, Principe, Bioko and all Spanish territories in the Pacific west of the Iberian East Indies (Guam, the Marshall Islands and the Caroline Islands).
27. Having undercut the Radical Party's platform, John A. MacDonald masterminds the 1860 election for the Unionists and Abraham Lincoln is elected President. Jefferson Davis had declined to run again after suffering a stroke.
28. The United States has expanded by several states, including two massive states in South America (Guyana and Amazonia) and now reaches over 30,000,000 citizens, larger than all European countries except for France and Russia.
29. Radical James Blaine wins the 1880 Election, the first non-Unionist President in over a generation.
POD in Europe:
I kept OTL in Europe for most of the way until 1807.
1. Emperor Napoleon decides to side with Charles IV of Spain and evict his son, rather than invading Spain. This allows the joint Franco-Spanish Army to concentrate on Portugal.
2. Instead of invading Russia, Napoleon allies with Czar Alexander to overrun Ottoman Europe, retake Istanbul (Constantinople) and allow Russia naval access to the Mediterranean via the Bosphorus. This causes Great Britain to opposes this move and forms a break between the potential allies. The Czar's brother, Konstantine, is made King of Greece. The rest of the Balkans is made independent and neutral.
3. Emperor Napoleon dies of stomach cancer in late 1811, leaving his infant son Napoleon II under the care of his elder brother, Joseph, King of Portugal.
4. Joseph arranges the marriage between his eldest daughter and Charles IV's second son (and new heir as Ferdinand has been removed from the succession).
5. Joseph ends the war large post-bellum. A few colonies seized in the war by Britain are given back to France, the Netherlands, Spain and Portugal. Most are kept by Britain and America keeps their conquests in Florida, Louisiana, the American west and Guyana.
6. In the end, French hegemony is preserved in Western Europe after the "Napoleonic Wars".
7. In 1830, a rebellion against King Carlos' autocratic rule in Spain convinces his brother, Ferdinand the Usurper, to attempt to regain his throne. He fails and dies, leaving his widow and infant daughter to his brother's care. It is determined that she shall marry her cousin and unite the feuding House of Bourbon. A similar rebellion occurs in Portugal in the name of the ousted House of Braganza (exiles with Ferdinand in England). This fails under the weight of French troops under King Joseph]
Bonaparte, whom is regent for his nephew in Paris. Soon the Kingdoms of Portugal and Spain would be united, as King Joseph's daughter and heiress is married to King Carlos.
8. France invades Algeria in 1832 under Emperor Napoleon II, whom reassumes control of his Empire upon reaching his majority and tells his uncle, Regent Joseph, to see to his own Kingdom of Portugal. Irritated by constant British supremacy at sea, the "sailor Emperor", known due to Napoleon II's love of the sea, begins plotting against his nation's most consistent enemy, Great Britain. He also determines to attempt to recreate a great empire to challenge Russia and Britain. Left with only a handful of overseas lands, France looks to what remains to be claimed.
9. Czar Nicholas of Russia is overthrown and assassinated by an army coup, leaving his teenage son Alexander II as the new Czar.
10. Napoleon II effectively annexes Morocco from the Iberian Joint Monarchy due to Iberia's incapacity to manage. He then begins a violent suppression of all dissent that borders on genocide.
11. Seeing France slaughter their fellow Muslims, French-ally Egypt quietly negotiates with Britain for an alliance. The Suez Canal opens in 1867. Egypt also conquers western Arabia, which is still the nominal fief of the Ottoman Porte, granting him control of Mecca and Medina, as well as the Red Sea.
12. Franco-Russian jointly controlled Aramea-Palastina has been resettled by Jews and Christians for fifty years following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire (which is now a truncated state). This immigration explodes in the 2nd half of the 19th century. The once-dominant Sunni Arabs are already a minority by 1880. By 1900, they represent less than 20% of the population.
13. In 1859, France gains a momentary advantage in modern warships and invades Britain. The invasion is stopped at the Thames but leaves enormous economic and psychological scars on the British Empire. After six months, the Franco-Irish-Westphalian-Polish troops withdraw. Among the casualties included the death of Prince Albert, husband of Princess Victoria, and Lord Albert (Bertie), their oldest son whom lost an arm in combat.
14. In the late 19th Century, Russia is beset by a large series of strikes, intending to force economic and political change.
15. Demographically, Europe has expanded greatly due to a population boom, especially in Russia and Germany. These causes great political pressure. Britain and Ireland’s population stabilize by the end of the 19th Century, partially due to mass emigration to the United States (Irish) and to the British colonies (Canada, Cape Colony, Australia, New Zealand).
16. In 1880, the long age of the Habsburg Dynasty is over. Austria-Hungary, beset by revolution, tears itself apart. Rudolf II becomes Emperor of the Germans as Austria joins the German Confederation. The Crowns of Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia are given to relatives.
17. Bulgaria and Serbia begin a series of low level border conflicts.
Africa
1. France conquers most of North Africa by 1860 (Morocco, Algeria, Tunis north of the Atlas mountains. Most of the population is killed, driven out, forced into “indentured servitude” in the French Caribbean or converted
2. The Boers, more demographically powerful due to higher immigration from French-Occupied Netherlands, are able to defeat the British in 1880 and form their own independent nations in southeast Africa.
3. Egypt, overwhelmed by debt, is forced into Joint Occupation and Government by France and Great Britain in 1881.
4. In 1900, the vast Sierra Leone Colony, an Anglo-American joint colony from Senagal to Angola, is renamed the United Nations of Africa. It is politically dominated by freed American and European colonial slaves relocated to Africa in the 19th Century.
5. Ethiopia, with the defeat of the Mahdists and Egyptians, has formed a significant Eastern Africa Empire, controlling Eritrea and Somalia.
Asia
1. In 185791861, the Sepoy Rebellion succeeds and most of the Indian Subcontinent and Burma is freed from British dominion. Only a small portion of the southeast remains, the Presidency of Madras.
2. In 1854, the Taiping Rebellion succeeds and a Ming Emperor is put on the throne by Shi Dakai, the Taiping General. As many as 20% of China's population follows this new faith, though the Ming Emperor (himself a disciple) ensures freedom of religion.
3. By 1861, China expels the Europeans dominating their country, (except Hong Kong) ending the draining Opium trade, then retake Manchuria, the homeland and sanctuary of the ousted Qing Emperor.
4. In 1860, Russia temporarily loses the new settlement of Vladivostok to Manchuria but regains it a year later. Russian client state Mongolia reconquers former lands in western China and regains control over Tibet.
5. The Nipponese Civil war ends with the French-allied Shogun controlling Honshu, the British-allied Emperor controls Kyushu and Shokuku. The United States controls thinly populated Hokkaido, which within five years is a multi-cultural mix.
6. In the Peace of 1861, Britain claims the Solomon Islands, New Guinea and formerly French New Caledonia.
7. Russia, already dominating the Transcaucacous, invades northern Persia, Britain controls southern Persia. Two new religions, Bab'i and Baha'i, begin converting large numbers of Shi'a Muslims in Persia and Basra
8. A resurgent China wars with France over an Indochinese border dispute. China fails to reconquer Indochina but manages to take the French “protectorate” of Honshu. The last Shogun commits suicide.