Republic of Eastern Transylvania
A historical oddity from the dying days of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, this landlocked state came into being when the Hungarian majority in eastern Transylvania declared independence to avoid being overrun by Romania, whose government decided to annex the Romani-majority areas of Bukovina, the Banat and Transylvania from the collapsing empire. Once the fighting died down, the republic found itself entirely landlocked inside Romania, and so hunkered down and became a pariah state, only making relations with Hungary and a few other "oddball" nations. After many decades, the state military government decided to democratize (out of economics or money rather than politics) and it is now a seedy tax haven for everyone from crooked governments to corrupt generals.
(in other words, it's kinda like an alt-Lesotho in Europe with the dark side of Swiss baking rolled in)
Dominion of Sabah (part of the Republic of Austria)
In the 1870's, the Austro-Hungarian Consul to Hong Kong,
Baron Von Overbeck, snapped up territories up and down northern Borneo, hoping to develop it like the British East India Company did to India. The imperial government in Vienna was weary, but they did sent out a team of surveyors to see if there's anything of value that they could find there. What they found was loads of oil, caverns of gas and one of the
largest coal deposits ever found in Borneo. Colonization swiftly followed, and despite the tropical heat, many saw the opportunity of the colony as a stop-over point to trade with the wider world. Also, many people liked the Kinabalu highlands enough to settle there permanently.
Colonization followed, with Germans, Hungarians, Poles, Ukrainians, Serbians ad Romanians all trickling in. The native Bajaus, Malays, Muruts and Kadazhan-Dusuns weren't happy, and severe conflicts would wreck Austro-Hungarian Borneo until WWI. When the British took over, they found out that the place had too many foreigners for their own good, and so gave them back to Austria, which used the place both as a dumping ground for German emigrants and political criminals. Eventually, a weird symbiotic relationship blossomed and by the 1930's-1950's, the whole colony was declared a Dominion of the Republic of Austria.
Today, the Dominion of Sabah is a much more peaceful place, with everyone and their mother realizing that they all have to live together now... well, almost. The wealth, prosperity, and stability of Sabah has made it an attractive place for immigrants from neighboring *Indonesia and the *Philippines, and even the Malays and indigenous subgroups are debating on anti-immigration reform. The
lingua franca is German, though private use of various languages is permitted in a cultural context, and there is a distinct Sabahan Creole being spoken on the street. The Dominion is a manufacturing power, with services and tourism being secondary economic pillars. It has good relations with the Kingdom of Sarawak, and not so good relations with *Indonesia and the *Philippines.