WI: Mycenaean Greece never fell

[Historico]

"’Mycenaean’ is the name given to the characteristic culture of southern and central Greece in the late Bronze Age (c. 1600-1100 B.C.). The earliest manifestations of the culture are found in the Peloponnese in the sixteenth century BC, especially in the northeast (later Argolis) and the southwest (later Messenia). By about 1400 BC the Mycenaean civilization had penetrated the greater part of mainland Greece, extending as far north as Thessaly and the borders of Epirus. From c. 1400 to c. 1200 BC two main trends are discernible: the movement towards a remarkable homogeneity of culture over a wide area, and the expansion of the Mycenaeans far beyond the Greek homeland. Excavations have revealed Mycenaean remains in Sicily, southern Italy, Egypt, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, Cyprus, the Levant, and sites in the west of Asia Minor. There were certainly Mycenaean settlements in Rhodes and in Melos; heavy concentrations of Mycenaean imports elsewhere, for example in cyprus, may reflect settlement or the establishment of trading posts. The Mycenaeans were thus in direct contact with two of the other ‘great powers’ in the eastern Mediterranean: Egypt and Ugarit (an important entrepot on the Syrian coast). Their communication with the Hittite empire was probably indirect. It is a question whether the homogeneous culture of the Mycenaean world reflects a political unity (resembling the Hittite monarchy) or a loose federation of independent states."

"Signs of serious trouble become apparent c. 1250 BC when some of the major centres of Mycenaean Greece were affected by fires. At the end of the thirteenth century a series of crippling disasters overtook the Mycenaeans, destroying some settlements, severely damaging others, and bringing to an end the unified Mycenaean culture. (The agent or agents of this widespread destruction cannot be identified with certainty.) In the undestroyed centres the Mycenaeans continued their way of life which now showed greater provincialism than in the fourteenth and thirteenth centuries and was no longer centered upon the important palaces. There was some movement of populations away from Mycenaean centres to Kephallenia, Achaea, Crete and Cyprus. An exception to the trend towards provincialism is provided by Perati in eastern Attica, which had links with Egypt and the east. By about 1100 B.C. the distinctive Mycenaean culture was coming to an end. In the places where it survived it evolved into ‘sub-Mycenaean’, and Attica replaced Argolis as the main innovative centre of the Greek mainland." Hooker, "The Mycenaeans," p. 210.]

What If the Doric Tribes moved eastward and joined up with Phyrigan tribes that defeated the Hittite Empire. How would Greece turn out with out an "Dark Ages"? Is there a possibility we might see an united greece? Or even an explosion of Neo-Minoan Culture? Please Discuss

[Midgard]

IMO the nature of Greek civilization before and after the fall of Mycaenean age has retained one major characteristic - that of "polis", the city-state that was generally a part of loose confederation of similar city-states. The earlier Greeks were not much of the empire builders, rather, any sort of political power and control was rather informal, and cemented by alliances rather than outright submission.

As such, should the Mycaeneans survive the "dark age" of XIIth century BC, the Greek civilization will probably develop in a manner similar to that of OTL, but with an important difference of developing earlier. The Greek colonies would cover the Mediterranean much sooner, and by IXth or VIIIth centuries BC the Mediterranean will have become somewhat of a Greek lake, although being that Greeks have historically mostly preferred colonization to open conquest, there is not likely to be a large Greek empire - rather hundreds of small city-states, not unlike OTL.

Thus, the character of the Mediterranean world is likely to be quite different, as with the greater extent of Greek colonization, and thus lesser extent of Phoenician one, Carthage is not likely to become as powerful an empire as it was OTL, if it is even founded at all. Being that the POD would be early enough to prevent the founding of Rome altogether, it is likely that Italy will be seen as "Magna Graecia", populated mostly by the Greek colonists and their descendants, with the last of the native people's seen as either barbarians, or assimilated enough into the Greek society to not have too much difference between them and the settlers.

Strangely, the only times the ancient Greeks have united in any shape or form, even before the "dark ages" (if Homer's poems are in any way a somewhat realistic indication of the social structure of Greece at the time, gods and heroes notwithstanding), was when there was some sort of an external enemy to fight - even when the enemy was a rival coalition of fellow Greeks. With such alliances not lasting long past the war, the only time the united Greece was achieved before the Roman times was through direct conquest by a determined succession of leaders, those being the Macedonians Philip and Alexander - even when Sparta achieved military domination a century earlier, they could not keep the direct spoils of their conquests much past the war. The Athenian alliance, which opposed them, could not keep its integrity either - thus the most likely way for united Greece in the "no dark age" scenario would have been to have a dynasty of conquerors who last long enough to create a lasting kingdom, which, ironically, has not been done until Philip's time.

"’Mycenaean’ is the name given to the characteristic culture of southern and central Greece in the late Bronze Age (c. 1600-1100 B.C.). The earliest manifestations of the culture are found in the Peloponnese in the sixteenth century BC, especially in the northeast (later Argolis) and the southwest (later Messenia). By about 1400 BC the Mycenaean civilization had penetrated the greater part of mainland Greece, extending as far north as Thessaly and the borders of Epirus. From c. 1400 to c. 1200 BC two main trends are discernible: the movement towards a remarkable homogeneity of culture over a wide area, and the expansion of the Mycenaeans far beyond the Greek homeland. Excavations have revealed Mycenaean remains in Sicily, southern Italy, Egypt, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, Cyprus, the Levant, and sites in the west of Asia Minor. There were certainly Mycenaean settlements in Rhodes and in Melos; heavy concentrations of Mycenaean imports elsewhere, for example in cyprus, may reflect settlement or the establishment of trading posts. The Mycenaeans were thus in direct contact with two of the other ‘great powers’ in the eastern Mediterranean: Egypt and Ugarit (an important entrepot on the Syrian coast). Their communication with the Hittite empire was probably indirect. It is a question whether the homogeneous culture of the Mycenaean world reflects a political unity (resembling the Hittite monarchy) or a loose federation of independent states."

"Signs of serious trouble become apparent c. 1250 BC when some of the major centres of Mycenaean Greece were affected by fires. At the end of the thirteenth century a series of crippling disasters overtook the Mycenaeans, destroying some settlements, severely damaging others, and bringing to an end the unified Mycenaean culture. (The agent or agents of this widespread destruction cannot be identified with certainty.) In the undestroyed centres the Mycenaeans continued their way of life which now showed greater provincialism than in the fourteenth and thirteenth centuries and was no longer centered upon the important palaces. There was some movement of populations away from Mycenaean centres to Kephallenia, Achaea, Crete and Cyprus. An exception to the trend towards provincialism is provided by Perati in eastern Attica, which had links with Egypt and the east. By about 1100 B.C. the distinctive Mycenaean culture was coming to an end. In the places where it survived it evolved into ‘sub-Mycenaean’, and Attica replaced Argolis as the main innovative centre of the Greek mainland." Hooker, "The Mycenaeans," p. 210.]

What If the Doric Tribes moved eastward and joined up with Phyrigan tribes that defeated the Hittite Empire. How would Greece turn out with out an "Dark Ages"? Is there a possibility we might see an united greece? Or even an explosion of Neo-Minoan Culture? Please Discuss

[Tom_B]

IMO the nature of Greek civilization before and after the fall of Mycaenean age has retained one major characteristic - that of "polis", the city-state that was generally a part of loose confederation of similar city-states. The earlier Greeks were not much of the empire builders, rather, any sort of political power and control was rather informal, and cemented by alliances rather than outright submission.

As such, should the Mycaeneans survive the "dark age" of XIIth century BC, the Greek civilization will probably develop in a manner similar to that of OTL, but with an important difference of developing earlier. The Greek colonies would cover the Mediterranean much sooner, and by IXth or VIIIth centuries BC the Mediterranean will have become somewhat of a Greek lake, although being that Greeks have historically mostly preferred colonization to open conquest, there is not likely to be a large Greek empire - rather hundreds of small city-states, not unlike OTL.

Thus, the character of the Mediterranean world is likely to be quite different, as with the greater extent of Greek colonization, and thus lesser extent of Phoenician one, Carthage is not likely to become as powerful an empire as it was OTL, if it is even founded at all. Being that the POD would be early enough to prevent the founding of Rome altogether, it is likely that Italy will be seen as "Magna Graecia", populated mostly by the Greek colonists and their descendants, with the last of the native people's seen as either barbarians, or assimilated enough into the Greek society to not have too much difference between them and the settlers.

Strangely, the only times the ancient Greeks have united in any shape or form, even before the "dark ages" (if Homer's poems are in any way a somewhat realistic indication of the social structure of Greece at the time, gods and heroes notwithstanding), was when there was some sort of an external enemy to fight - even when the enemy was a rival coalition of fellow Greeks. With such alliances not lasting long past the war, the only time the united Greece was achieved before the Roman times was through direct conquest by a determined succession of leaders, those being the Macedonians Philip and Alexander - even when Sparta achieved military domination a century earlier, they could not keep the direct spoils of their conquests much past the war. The Athenian alliance, which opposed them, could not keep its integrity either - thus the most likely way for united Greece in the "no dark age" scenario would have been to have a dynasty of conquerors who last long enough to create a lasting kingdom, which, ironically, has not been done until Philip's time.

These are very good points against Historico/Phaeton's fantasies of GreeK unity getting fulfilled. Still is there not some possibility Mycenae itself dominate the Greeks for an extended period of time--though eventually its rule should collapse and the Greeks disintegrate?

Tom

[robertp6165]

IMO the nature of Greek civilization before and after the fall of Mycaenean age has retained one major characteristic - that of "polis", the city-state that was generally a part of loose confederation of similar city-states. The earlier Greeks were not much of the empire builders, rather, any sort of political power and control was rather informal, and cemented by alliances rather than outright submission.

As such, should the Mycaeneans survive the "dark age" of XIIth century BC, the Greek civilization will probably develop in a manner similar to that of OTL, but with an important difference of developing earlier. The Greek colonies would cover the Mediterranean much sooner, and by IXth or VIIIth centuries BC the Mediterranean will have become somewhat of a Greek lake, although being that Greeks have historically mostly preferred colonization to open conquest, there is not likely to be a large Greek empire - rather hundreds of small city-states, not unlike OTL.


I disagree with you. There appears to be, based on Hittite records, a strong possibility that the Mycenaean Greeks did, in fact, unite, or at the very least form something a good deal stronger than a simple, temporary league. There is record of a powerful kingdom to the west of the Hittites called Ahhiyawa which existed between 1380 BC and 1200 BC. While the actual location of this kingdom and the composition of it's people is disputed, the most likely identification is with the Mycenaeans (also called "Achaeans").

The King of Ahhiyawa was reckoned a "Great King", equal in standing to the King of the Hittite Empire and the Pharaoh of Egypt. Indeed, it is interesting to note that at this period, even so powerful a ruler as the King of Assyria was not reckoned a Great King in Hittite records, which is an indicator of how powerful the Kingdom of Ahhiyawa must have been.

Based on the few names of Ahhiyawan cities which have crept into the Hittite records, the kingdom seems to have been centered in mainland Greece, while also holding some territory in southwestern Anatolia, where their major center was the city of Millawanda (later Miletus).

One other interesting note...in the mid-13th century BC, the King of Ahhiyawa was named Attarissiya. This is remarkably similar to ATREUS, who according to Greek legend founded the dynasty at the city of Mycenae which produced Agamemnon, leader of the Greek forces in the Trojan War.

We do know that the various Greek cities such as Pylos, Tiryns, and others all had their own kings, which would seem to argue against there being a strong union between the Mycenaean cities. But then, the cities of the Hittite Empire all had their own kings as well, and there was certainly a strong union there. The Great King of Hatti was the feudal overlord of the kings of the other Hittite cities. And there does seem to exist the possibility, based on the above evidence, that a similar arrangement existed in Mycenaean Greece...probably with the King of Mycenae as the Great King and feudal overlord of the other Greek Kings.

Assuming this is true, then the Great Kings of Ahhiyawa, had they managed to weather the great catastrophe of c. 1200 BC, could very well have established a relatively long-lasting empire. The Hittite Empire, which appears to have had a similar structure, lasted for over 600 years, and there is no particular reason why the Ahhiyawa/Mycenaean Empire could not have lasted as long, or longer, if given the chance.

[Historico]

Now, Do we have any other Ahhiwayan king names..Or is Attarissiya the only one?

[robertp6165]

Now, Do we have any other Ahhiwayan king names..Or is Attarissiya the only one?

Attarissiya is the only Ahhiyawan king name from the Hittite records which I have been able to locate. The Hittite records, for the most part, do not name the Great Kings of other lands. They refer to them by their title, not by their name..."my brother, the Great King of Ahhiyawa" for example. "My brother" simply means "King equal in rank to myself."

But assuming Attarissiya is in fact the semi-legendary Atreus, then there is no reason not to use the other known names of Mycenaean kings from Greek legend...Agamemnon, etc.

One thing we have to remember about the way the Hittites transcribe names is that they are limited by the syllabic cuneiform script which they use. Instead of representing a single sound, like our alphabet, cuneiform signs each represent a syllable. So a name like Atreus almost certainly would come out looking very strange...Attarissiya...when transcribed into cuneiform.

[MerryPrankster]

Robert,

Perhaps the opening narration of the movie Troy was more accurate than we typically give Hollywood credit for?

Agamemnon could have been a "High King" who'd forced the others to be his vassals, but didn't have the power to meddle in their internal affairs. He could make them supply armies for his campaigns (such as attacking Troy), but that might be it.

[robertp6165]

Robert,

Perhaps the opening narration of the movie Troy was more accurate than we typically give Hollywood credit for?

Agamemnon could have been a "High King" who'd forced the others to be his vassals, but didn't have the power to meddle in their internal affairs. He could make them supply armies for his campaigns (such as attacking Troy), but that might be it.

I haven't yet seen the movie, but if that is what the opening narration says, then it is probably historically accurate, which is amazing for any Hollywierd flick. That's essentially what the Great King of Hatti was during the great period of the Hittite empire...perhaps a little stronger than what we normally imagine when we picture a "High King," but the local sub-rulers still had a lot of autonomy. Something like that may very well have prevailed in Ahhiyawa/Mycenaean Greece.

[Historico]

THE AHHIYWAN EMPIRE: Part One, The First Period

1700-1650 BCE.: Either an Invasion coming from turkey or Earthquake in the Minoan Crete causes an large disturbance in Crete. After that the population rose again, and the palaces were rebuilt, even larger than before. The Minoans began heavy colonization, in southern Italy, Northern Africa and establish an powerful administration in OTL Sicily.

c.a. 1550's BCE: The City of Mycenae, located in the north Peloponnesus, come to dominate Archaea and formed the Mycenaean Civilization.

1380-1230 BCE: The Myceaneans or The Ahhiyawans by The Hitities join together in allaince known as the Assuwan Leauge that extened from Lycia to Troad. During this period, both kingdoms shall prosper greatly and few wars are played against eachother. The Myceanean's are a Great Seafearing nation, with merchants reaching the north shore's of Italy and as far south as The Land of Punt. The Ahhiyawan people enjoy the sense of great freedom and Independence of being ruled over by their feudal Kings.

1255 BCE: Attarissiya of Myceane(Atreus) unites the Ahhiyawan cities of Iolkos,Pthia, Tirins, Milewanda and several others(Troy remains it's own independent state, with it's power steadily increasing). He assumes the title of Great King of Ahhiyawa, which is recognized by his vassal rulers in other Ahhiywan cities.

1232-1230 BCE: War against Hatti: King Attarissiya of Ahhiyawa breaks away from the Assuwan Leauge, and Invades Asia Minor in attempt to conquer the Hittite Empire. Great King Tudhailya IV of Hatti quickly sends his forces to push them back to the Agean. Several more battles occur, and The War is inconclusive and a peace treaty is signed is between the two nations is signed in early 1230. However, this war effectivley ends the Pax Hattica period between the two kingdoms.


1225 BCE: King Attarissiya of Ahhiyawa dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Attarissiya II. Also in this year, Pharoah Ramases II "The Great" dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Merneptah I.

1221: Pharoah Merneptah I defeats an mixed horde of Libyan Tribes, and Minoan Mercenaries.

1220 BCE: King Tudhailya IV of Hatti dies, he is succeeded by his cousin who takes to the throne as Karunta I. However Karunta is an incredibly weak ruler, and is asassinated under mysterious circumstances six months later. Arnuwanda, son of Tudhailya IV, takes the title of King.

1215-925 BCE: The feudal lords of the Minoan City states across the Medeterranien meet together of Posopolei(Sicily) to discuss an possible allaince. After many argument's the council creates the Leauge of Minos. The League would act to prevent any acts of aggression or subversion against any member state. The League would maintain an army levied from member states in approximate proportion to their size. The Leauge will continue succesfully for many years.

1215 BCE: Pharaoh Merneptah I of Egypt dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Seti II. Also in this year, King Arnuwanda I of Hatti dies, He is succeeded by his brother who takes to the throne as Suppilumia II. He will be the last king of the Hittite Empire.

1210-1200 BCE: The Peleset, Shekelesh, Denyen, Weshesh, Lukka, Sherden, and The Teresh a.k.a., The Sea Peoples lay seige against the Medeterrainen. After several successful attacks against Minoan colonies, King Attarissiya of Ahhiyawa signs a treaty of allaince between the two powers with heavy disagrement from his vassal rulers. Together the force will leave an Power Vaccum of sorts(Not as bad as in OTL), Crushing the Hittite Empire, Breaking up the Caananite Block, and Crippiling the Egyptian Empire.


1209 BCE: Pharaoh Seti II of Egypt dies, He is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Setnacht I.


1200 BCE: King Attarissiya II of Ahhiyawa dies, He is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Agamemnon I. He will be known for his skullfully Millitary skills, and Popularity graceing him with the title of Agamemnon "The Great".


c.a 1200 BCE: The Second Hittite Empire falls to attacks by invading Phrygian and Kaska tribesman. The capital at Hattusas is burned and abandoned. Many Hittites flee south of the Taurus mountains and take refuge in the city-states of Cilicia (at this time called Kizzuwanda) and northern Syria, many of which are inhabited by the Luwians, a people who are ethnically and culturally similar to the Hittites and speak a related language.

c.a. 1200 BCE: The Doric tribes north of Greece move westward and join the Phyrigan and Kaska tribesman besiging the Hittite Empire.


1198 BCE: Pharaoh Senchat I of Egypt dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Ramases III.

1197 BCE: The First Period of China officially begins.

1193-1183 BCE: The Trojan War. For years, the Ahhiyawan Kings have watched the Kingdom of Troy in Asia Minor like an Hawk. King Agamenmon dreams of amassing the legendary wealth of King Prius(Prium). With the event of the Trojan Pari(Paris) courting the queen of Sparta Helenes(Helen) causes the Ahhiyawan vassal kings to give their full support.

Agamenmon commanded an amazing force of 28 contingents and a force of 100,000 men. The Greeks besieged Troy for nine years. There were occasional skirmishes, both with Troy and her allies. At home however, Agamenmon set his strong-wife Clytemnestra in charge. . After Nine years, The Greeks devised a new ruse - a giant hollow wooden horse. It was built by Epeius and filled with Greek warriors led by Odysseus. The rest of the Greek army appeared to leave and the Trojans accepted the horse as a peace offering. A Greek spy, Sinon, convinced the Trojans the horse was a gift despite the warnings of Laocoon and Cassandra The Trojans celebrated hugely and when the Greeks emerged from the horse the city was in a drunken stupor. The Greek warriors opened the city gates to allow the rest of the army access and the city was ruthlessly pillaged, The House of Prius slaughtered and Burned to the ground. The City-state of Troy VI is no more.

1183 BCE: King Agamenmon returns to the Ahhiyawan capital of Myceane. While he was gone, Queen Clytemnestra begun an Affair with the Aegisthus, the only surviving sun of Attarissiya's brother Thyesetes. The couple are murdered by hand by Agamenmon in their bath.

1177 BCE: King Agamenmon "The Great" of Ahhiyawa dies, he is succeeded by his youngest son, who takes to the throne as Orestrelei(Orestres) I.

1168 BCE: The Kassite Dynasty of Babylon is overthrown by the Elamite King Shutruk-nahhunte. Babylon is captured and plundered (It is at this time that the famous stele of the Law Code of Hammurabi is taken to the Elamite capital at Susa). The Elamites rule Babylonia for the next 30 years.

1167 BCE: Pharaoh Ramses III of Egypt dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Ramases IV.

1161 BCE: Pharaoh Ramses IV of Egypt dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Ramases V.


1156 and Onward BCE: The Second Dynasty of Isin comes to power in Babylonia. In the aftermath of the overthrow of the Kassite dynasty by the Elamites, a new dynasty arises in the town of Isin under Marduk-kabit-ahheshu, (1156–1139 BC) who by the end of his reign will retake Babylon and re-establish the independence of Babylonia from the Elamites.

1150-1090 BCE: A massive Civil War in Egypt causes, an Partition of Power consiting of The High Priests of Ammon in Thebes. The Pharaoh still rule with an severley weakned hand in Tanis.

1145 BCE: King Ostrelei of Ahhiyawa dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Agamenmon II.

1125-1103 BCE: --Reign of King Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon. He invades and conquers most of Elam.

1115 BCE: King Agamenmon II of Ahhiywana dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Attarissiya III.

1115-1077 BCE: Reign of King Tiglath Pileser I of Assyria. Assyria invades the region inhabited by the Hittites and extracts tribute, and strips the Hittite dynasties ruling over the cities. This event, marks the true meeting between Ahhiywana and Assyria. In 1081 he defeats King Marduk-nadin-ahhe of Babylon and conquers Babylonia, ending the Second Dynasty of Isin.

c.a. 1100 BCE: Over the past 3 centuries, Aramaean nomads have been infiltrating the Syrian region. By 1100 BC, they are powerful enough that they take control of some of the southern Hittite cities, such as Damascus.

1076-934 BCE: Aramaean invasions of Mesopotamia. Incursions by Aramaean nomads severely weaken Assyria. Assyria loses control over the Hittite cities of Syria, and enters a period of decline. Also during this time, Babylonia is invaded by Aramaeans and Chaldeans, and breaks up into small tribal states. It will be some time before the country Is re-united.

1174 BCE: King Astarissiya III of Ahhiyawa dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Ostrelei II.

1074-1130 BCE: The Reign of King Ostrelei. During his long reign, Ostrelei looks west towards Asia Minor. He greatly incourages Ahhiyawan colonization of the area, He also increases trade between the Minoans in the west, the Egyptians to the south, and Assyrians to the west. Ostrelei will also be notable for his succesfull campaigns against the growing Phyrigan state in western Anatolia.

1035 BCE: Saul of the Benjamin Tribe unites the disperse Hebrew tribes into a united Kingdom.

1030 BCE: King Ostrelei "The Fierce" II of Ahhiyawa dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Pelops I(Taking the name from the father of the Original Attarissiya).

1035 BCE: King Saul of The Hebrew Kingdom commits suicide at the battle of Mount Gibola. The Captain of Saul's army Abner, chooses Saul's son Ish-Bosheth as ruler. Ish-Boseth comes to the throne at 40 years old of age.

1005 BCE: King Ish-Boesheth is assasinated by agents of the young David of Bethelehem. David ascends to the throne, keeping his name as the third king of the United Hebrew Kingdom.

c. 1000 BCE: The Sabaeans, a Semitic tribe living in southwestern Arabia, unite and form the Kingdom of Sheba. Approximate time of the legendary visit of the Queen of Sheba to the court of Hebrew King Solomon. The Sabaeans are traders in frankincense and myrrh, precious resins obtained from trees which grow only in southern Arabia and which are greatly prized for use in religious rituals.


992 BCE: King Pelops I of Ahhiyawa dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Pelops II.

965 BCE: King David of the United Hebrew Kingdom dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Solomon I.

965-928 BCE: The Reign of King Solomon: Solomon surrounded himself with all the luxuries and the external grandeur of an Eastern monarch, and his government prospered. He entered into an alliance with Hiram I, king of Tyre, who in many ways greatly assisted him in his numerous undertakings. For some years before his death David was engaged in the active work of collecting materials for building a temple in Jerusalem as a permanent abode for the Ark of the Covenant. For the long space of thirteen years he was engaged in the erection of a royal palace on Ophel. Solomon also constructed great works for the purpose of securing a plentiful supply of water for the city, Millo (Septuagint, "Acra") for the defence of the city, and Tadmor in the wilderness as a commercial depot as well as a military outpost. Extensive traffic was carried on by land with Tyre and Egypt and Arabia, and by sea with Spain and South India and the coasts of Africa. The royal magnificence and splendour of Solomon's court are unrivaled. Solomon was known for his wisdom and proverbs. People came from far and near "to hear the wisdom of Solomon", including queen Makedah of Sheba.

955 BCE: King Pelops II of Ahhiywana dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Tantalus I.

c.a. 950 BCE: As a gift from King Solomon, Hiram I of Tyre recieves the Syrian cities of the north including Damascus. This event prevents an powerful Aramaean Dynasty from ariving there. Hiram, then subdues the kings of Berytos, Byblos and Sidon to mere vassalage. By the end of the year, Hiram is recognized as the first King over the united Phoenicia.

936 BCE: King Hiram I of Phoenicia dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Baal-eser I.

935-911 BCE: Reign of King Ashur-Dan II, who begins to once again rebuild Assyria’s strength.

928 BCE: Death of King Solomon of the United Hebrew Kingdom. Upon his death, Solomon's son Rehoboam is assasinated before he can take the throne. The council of the elders chooses an new king that they can easily control...They choose the son of Solomon and Queen Makedah, Menalik.

928-888 BCE: The Reign of King Menalik: Upon his ascenion to the throne, He quells the rebellious tribes by reducing the levies, and Tax burdens forced upon them by his father. He is a patron of the arts and will continue the building projects of his father. He is also a very zealous leader and will spread the Hebrew faith throughout the Middle east. Menalik is also military Minded and will succeed in his massive build up of the Hebrew army and Navy, as well as conquering Egypt.

c.a. 925 BCE: Sheshonk, an Libyain Mercenary unites the various Libyain tribes together and lead a successful revolt against the oppresive reign of the Leauge of Minos. He quickly storms the island of Posopoli and slaughter's the remaining Leauge members. Sheshonk proclaims himself King of Minoa, which is gladly accepted by the Minoans.

925 BCE: King Menalik marches southward towards the weakend state of Egypt. The Egyptian armies are no match for Menalik's revamped forces as well as the Egyptian Navy. The cities Tanis, Sais, Leontopolis, Herakleopolis, Hermopolis, Thebes, and Memphis are all sacked bringing an end to the New Kingdom in Egypt. The United Hebrew Kingdom now streches from Jeruselum to the Deserts of Sinai to the barrier of the First cataract.

920 BCE: King Tantalus I of Ahhiywana dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Tantalus II. Also in this year, King Sheshonk I of Minoa dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Sheshonk II.

920-880 BCE: Reign of Tantalus II: Tantalus unlike his predecessor's is fully aware of the new world powers emerging around him. He set's up an large Trade network between Minoa, Phoenicia, The United Hebrew Kingdom, and Uratu. He will sponser numerous building projects throughout the kingdom and will reorganize the Ahhiywanan military. The Kingdom of Ahhiywanan will prosper greatly during this time.

919 BCE: King Baal-eser I of Phoenica dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Abadastrato I.

911 BCE: King Ashur-Dan II of Assyria dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Adad-nirari II.

910 BCE: King Abadastrato I of Phoenica diesm he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Abibaal I.

900 BCE: The various city-states and principalities around Lake Van are united to form the Kingdom of Urartu. Urartu, whose population is largely Hurrian in origin (descendants of the people who once formed the powerful kingdom of Mitanni) will be one of the great enemies of Assyria, and sometime ally of Hatti.

900 and Onward BCE: Phoenican Traders establish colonies in North Africa, Spain, and Sardina.

895-890 BCE: Death of King Osorkon of Minoan, the king dies without an legitamate heir plunging the kingdom of Minoa into chaos. Various factions acheive power and fight along eachother for five years untill, Androgeos of Knossoss defeats the rambling power and peace ensues as he takes to the throne. Androgeos is an student of The Leauge of Minos, and has it reinstated in the new capital of Knossoss where he can keep an watchful eye over their activities.

888 BCE: King Menalik I of the United Hebrew Kingdom dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Menalik II

887 BCE: King Abibaal I of Phoenica dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Ithobaal I

884-859 BCE: Reign of King Ashurnasirpal II of Assyria. He fights several wars with , but is unable to defeat it, in large part due to alliances made by the Great Kings of Ahhiywanna (Tantalus II and Agamemnon III) with King Aramu of Urartu (in the Armenian mountains) and Kings Ithobaal of Phoencia.

881 BCE: King Menalik II of the UHK, builds the heavily fortified city of Samaria, and places it as his northen Administration center.

880 BCE: King Tantalus II of Ahhiywana dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Agamenmon III. He will also maintain the great allaince's made by his father and be an extremley popular king.

864 BCE: King Androgeos I of Minoa dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Androgeos II.

860 BCE: Aramu unites the various Hurrian tribes in the Armenian mountains together. He declares himself king, and quickly signs a treaty of allaince with Ahhiywana against Assyria.

859-853 BCE: Reign of King Shalmaneser III of Assyria. He continues his father’s warsagainst Ahhiywana and Urartu.

856 BCE: King Ithobaal I of Phoenica dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Baal-azor II. Upon ascension to the throne, Baal-azor signs a treaty of allaince with the United Hebrew Kingdom against Assyria.

855 BCE: Marduk-zakir-shumi I comes to the throne of Babylon, beginning a new dynasty which will re-unite the country.

853 BCE: Battle of Qarqar. King Baal-azor II of Phoenica and King Menalik II of the UHK, march westward against King Shalmaneser III of Assyria. Shalmaneser is killed and his army is routed.


849-847 BCE: King Androgeos II of Minoa marches westward against the United Hebrew Kingdom and invades the province of Egypt. The Minoan armies mostly plunder the northern Egyptian cities in 849 BCE, but as time goes on sacks the Southern Administration center of Memphis. King Menalik calls upon King Agamenmon III in alliance, and the Ahhiywanan king comes to his aid, and begins besieging the cities of Crete. Androgeos is hard pressed to fighting a two front war, but in 848 BCE at the battle of Tanis succeeds in killing King Menalik II effectivley taking the Hebrews out of the war. Androgoes, is able to concentrate his forces to Crete to repeal the Ahhiywanan seiges there. Neither side is able to much hedaway, however, and a peace treaty is signed late 847 BCE:

848 BCE: King Menalik II dies in battle with the Minoans, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Ish-Boesheth II.


c.a. 845 BCE: King Ish-Boesheth II crushes the Moabite Revolt in the city of Dibon lead by Mesha. In commeration of his victory, Ish-Boesheth creates an stele...which will be an example of Ish-Boesheth's stern rule.

843 BCE: The civil war in Assyria ends and King Shamshi Adad V takes the throne. Shamshi-Adad once again begins building Assyrianstrength. However, Assyria will not be strong enough to attack it’s neighbors for some time, and indeed will be hard-pressed to survive the onslaught of the Kings of Urartu over the next few decades.

842 BCE: King Agamenmon III of Ahhiywana dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Phoenisis(Phoenix) I. The Brilaint young King fully recognizes the threat of Assyria and establish what we be called "The Anti-Assyrian allaince". King Aramu of Urartu, King Baal-azor II of Phoenica, King Ish-Boesheth II of the UHK, King Mita of the Mushki (Midas of Phrygia...Phrygia was apparently ruled by a line of Kings who all were called either Gordias or Midas) are all part of this Grand allaince.

840 BCE: King Aramu of Urartu dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Sardur I. Upon ascending to the throne, Sardur breaks the allaince with Phoenica and Phyriga, while maintaing one with Ahhiywana.

840-800 BCE: Period of Urartian expansion. Under the warrior kings Sardur I, Ishpuinis, and Menuas, the Kingdom of Urartu expands at the expense of Assyria, Phrygia, and Phoenicia. By the end of the period, the Mushki have been pushed back to the Halys River,and both Assyria and Phoenicia are virtual vassals of the Urartian king, paying yearly tributes.

830 BCE: King Baal-azor II of Phoenica dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to throne as Mattan I

829 BCE: King Androgeos II of Minoa dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Sheshonk II.

822 BCE: King Phoenisis I of Ahhiywana dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Attarissiya IV. The new king reorganizes the army, reducing the proportion of chariots in favor of light and medium cavalry (lancers and archers). The new military thus created is quite formidable

821 BCE: King Mattan I of Phoenicia dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Pumayyaton(Pygmalion) I.

818-812 BCE: --King Shamshi Adad V of Assyria wars with Babylon. He defeats King Baba-aha-iddina in battle and pushes all the way south to the Persian Gulf, but Babylon itself is not taken, and Babylonia remains independent.

816 BCE: King Ish-Boesheth II of the United Hebrew Kingdom dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Solomon II.

815 BCE: King Attarissiya IV of Ahhiywana using his newly reorganized army, defeats King Ishpuinis of Urartu, who was besieging the colony of Pelopsis. The advance of Urartu tothe west is halted, and no Ahhiywana territory falls to the Urartians. However, Ahiywana will pay tribute to the King of Urartu in the succeeding years.

c.a. 815 BCE: Carthage is founded by an expedition from the Phoenician Capital of Tyre.

811 BCE: King Shamsi-adad IV of Assyria dies, he is succeeded by his minor son Aadad Nirari. Adad Nirari’s mother, Queen Sammuramat (Semiramis) rules as regent for the first few years of his reign.

809 BCE: King Attarissiya IV of Ahhiywana dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Phoenisis II.

808-783 BCE: Reign of King Adad Nirari III of Assyria. Adad Nirari reaches adulthood in 808 BC and assumes the throne of Assyria. His reign will be filled with warfare, primarily against Urartu. However, he will also war against Phyriga and Phoenicia, as well as conduct campaigns in Babylonia to the south and against the Medes to the east.

805-800 BCE: King Phoenisis II is assasinated by an unkown archanist. Phoenisis dies without an heir ending the House of Attarissiya, leaves the Ahhiywanan Vassal kings for for the throne. The Kingdom falls into civil war for five years, with many former Vassal kings claiming to be the Great King of Ahhiywana. In 801 BCE, Clymenestra of the Aretis subdues the rebellious city-states, killing the old kings. She takes the title of Clymenestra II...The Great Queen of Ahhiywana, starting the Second(Clymnestrian) Dynasty over Ahhiywana.

804 BCE: King Adad Nirari III of Assyria attacks Pumayyton I of Phoenicia. Pumayyton allies himself with King Solomon II, and the Assyrian army is defeated in battle outside the city of Damascus. Adad Nirari retires to Assyria, and will not trouble Syria again for the rest of his reign

800 BCE: King Sheshonk II of Minoa dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Minotaus I.

[MerryPrankster]

Interesting, but I don't see the Biblical Hebrews ever marshalling the manpower to take down Egypt.

Also, where're the Dorians? The Atreid dynasty might have some problems closer to home...

[robertp6165]

Historico, this is one of your better efforts. Good work. :)

One historical point in which you might be interested...

I notice you are calling "Paris of Troy" by the name of "Pari." There is another possibility, which you might want to consider.

Paris of Troy had another name in Greek legend...Alexandros. In the Hittite records, there is record of a ruler named Alaksandush of Wilusa. Wilusa is generally believed to be the Hittite equivalent of "Illium," another name for Troy from which the title "Illiad" is derived.

So instead of "Pari," which is not a historical name, mayhaps you can call him Alaksandush.

The historical Alaksandush of Wilusa mentioned in the Hittite records was one of the vassal kings whose army served with King Muwatalli of Hatti at the Battle of Kadesh against Pharaoh Rameses II of Egypt. So obviously he was not the "Paris of Troy" of the Illiad. But of course, that there may have been a prince of the Trojan royal house by the same name at the time of the Trojan War is certainly a strong possibility.

Just a suggestion...

[Historico]

Interesting, but I don't see the Biblical Hebrews ever marshalling the manpower to take down Egypt.......


At the time of which the Hebrews invaded Egypt, it was an shell of it's former glorly. In cities such as Sais,Tanis and Memphis many claimed to be Pharaoh for the time. Also during Solomon's reign the Hebrew army and navy were expanded and that Military would have been able to take a weakned egypt(The Libyan's did it OTL)

lso, where're the Dorians? The Atreid dynasty might have some problems closer to home...

The Dorians migrated eastward, and helped attack the Hittite Empire.

[Historico]

Here is my first map

[Historico]

THE AHHIYWAN EMPIRE: Part Two, Assyria


1375 and onward BCE: The Kingdom of Alashiya of Cyprus falls to of The Great Plauge that raveged the island earlier on in the century, earthquakes and invasions of Lukkian bands caused the colapse. However, These Neo-Alashite Feudal Kingdoms will continue to prosper in the oil, wood, ivory, ebony and gold trade under Ahhiywanan Vassalge. They will also begin colonizing heavily in Palestine.

c.a. 800 BCE: The Etruscans arrive in Italy. Also at about this time, the Greek version of the Phoenician alphabet is first used, and the earliest iron age societies...proto-Celtic peoples...develop in Germany and Austria.


800-770 BCE: Reign of Clymenstra II: The Great Queen of Ahhiywana will spend of her reign coviencing the Ahhiywanan people of her place as rightful ruler. Many of the vassal kings over the Ahhiywanan cities see her not fight to wear the Ahhiywanan crown, but is in no means able to oppose it. She will be most most memrable for her large expedition to the Black Sea. She is also an very stern and Agressive ruler and will lead many campaigns into Anatolia. One of her final acts as Queen, will be to build an Massive Mausoleum dedicated to her at her home island of Aretis. The Mausoleam will be the envy of many Archietects fror many years to come, it being based on Minoan, Egyptian, and Babylonian designs.

795 BCE: King Pumayyaton I of Phoenicia crushes an revolt made by several Aramaean citites led by Ben Hadad of Damascus. Ben Hadad and his family are brutally killed showing the Phoenican Kingdom of Pumyyaton stern rule.

794-790 BCE: Queen Clymnestra sends out her fleet northwestward to the Black sea. During the lenghty voayge The Ahhiywanan army encounter various Coalchin tribes and easily subdues them Annexing them into Ahhiywanan Kingdom. The army returns around 790 BCE, with chests filled with gold, and silver from the mines of the city of Albye. This fabolus wealth will greatly strengthen the Ahhiywanan coffers and the Clymnestrian dynasty.

789-787 BCE: Queen Clymnestra invades the Kingdom of the Mushki(Phyriga). Using the newley adopted siege Technology(Battering rams, Seige Towers) and succeessfully sacks the cities of Midas, Akroana, and Pessinus. King Migdon of Phyriga requests aid from the neighboring kingdom of Uratu. Together Migdon and King Menaus are able to lift the sieges of the Mushki cities and drive the Ahhiywanan's back to the Ionian coast. The Kingdoms in Asia Minor stay in an Uneasy peace for many years.

785 BCE: King Menaus I of Uratu dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Argshitis I. Argishtis is even more expansionist than his predecessors, and generally makes life miserable for his neighbors with incessant warfare.

780 BCE: King Pumayyaton I of Phoenica and King Adad-Nirari III of Assyria both recognize the threat posed by the Uratian Kingdom conclude an treaty of allaince against Uratu. When Adad Nirari III dies a few years later, Pumyyaton will renew the agreement with the new king, Shalmaneser IV, and then again with Shalmaneser’s successor, Ashur Dan III.

780-768 BCE: King Pummayaton I of Phoenicia and Kings Adad Nirari III, Shalmaneser IV, and Ashur Dan III wage war against Urartu. The combined armies of Assyria and Phoenicia are too powerful for the Urartians to resist, and the armies of Urartu are gradually beaten back and many of their fortress cities are taken by siege. However, the Urartian capital of Tushpa is not taken, and a treaty is finally signed in 768 BC which ends the war. The power of Urartu is effectively broken, and although it will continue as a player in middle eastern politics and warfare for over a century more, it will never again threaten Phoenicia or Assyria as it did previously. Phoenicia expands northward, and takes back the old Hittite homeland in the bend of the Halys River (which the Urartians had taken from the Phrygians in the previous century).


783 BCE: King Adad-Nirari III of Assyria dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Shalmaneser IV.

779 BCE: King Solomon II of the United Hebrew Kingdom dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Samson I

776 BCE: The Phthiotic Games are held in Phthiotis, Ahhiywana.

774 BCE: King Pumayyaton "The Mighty" of Phoenicia dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Ithobaal II.

773 BCE: King Shalmaneser IV of Assyria dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Ahshur-Dan III. Also in this year King Samson I of the UHK orders an massive militarazation of the Hebrew forces. Nieghboring Arabic tribesman are draftred into the army... increasing it's size dramatically. He will also order an build up of the Hebrew Navy at Ezio-Geber to police the waters of the Red Sea.

771 BCE: King Minotaus I of Minoa, dies he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Minotaus II. Minotaus will be an highly agressive king and will start many unecessary wars with Ahhiywana and the United Hebrew Kingdom.

770 BCE: Queen Clymnestra II "The Wise" of Ahhiywana dies, she is succeeded by her son who takes to the throne as Alaksandush I(Alexandros). Alaksandush will continue his mother's policies and will inherit the powerful Military of Ahhiywana.

770-768 BCE: King Minotaus II of Minoa invades the Hebrew proveince of Egypt. Minotaus succeessfully lays seige and actually sacks the northen Egyptian Cities. Samson with his revamped Hebrew military swiflty lifts the seiges and pushes the Minoans back into the Libyan Desert about 768 BCE:

769-767 BCE: For many years the realm on Punt has been reduced to an middle man power between those in the north and to the west. King Perehu makes an treaty of allaince with King Ze Sabado III of Sheba against the growing Kingdom of Kush. Perehu leads his force northward, and Ze Sabado invades through it's western shores. Most of the nubians citiy states are quickly sacked, as King Kashta asks for aid from Samson I of the Hebrews, but non is recieved. The capital of Napata is razed to the ground, and King Kashta and his family are slaughterd. Perehu builds his new capital on the grounds near Napata, the Great city of Eti as he takes all of Nubia, and the Sabeans receive little in return.

768-760 BCE: The Minoan War: King Minotaus II of Minoa quickly bounces back from his Invasion of Egypt. The Minoan fleet sets sail from Crete towards Ahhiywana. The Minoan forces quickly lay seige to the cities of the pelopnessuss without much effort. Alaksandush will campaining in the Coalchis proveince doesn't comes back to mainland Ahhiywana until a year later. The Minoan seiges are easily lifted and the Minoans are pushed back to Crete. However, in 766 BCE, Minotaus makes an Treaty of Allaince with King Gordias of Phryiga against the Ahhiywanan cities. In Response, King Alaksandush calls for aid from King Ithobaal II against the Minoan allaince. Heavy fighting goes on in Anatolia for the next five years, The Phoenician Army succeeds in killing Gordias outside of the city walls of Midas in 761 BCE, effectivly taking the Mushki out of the war. King Alaksandush I proposes an blockade of Crete, cutting off the main armies need for supplies and more men. The Blockade goes on for more than a year, and with his army depleted King Minotaus signs an peace treaty between Ahhiywana and Phoenicia. King Minotaus will not cause any more problems for the rest of his reign.



765-745 BCE:Assyria, despite it’s participation in the victory over Urartu a few
years earlier, falls into a period of decline as local rebellions and plague ravage the
kingdom.

763 BCE: King Argshtis I of Uratu dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Sardur II

760 BCE: King Samson I of the Hebrews completes the consruction of an Second Temple in the Egyptian city of Sais. The Building itself is magnificent, largley resembling the Ancient Tombs of the Pharaoh's of the Old Kingdom. This triggers an massive wave of Yawehisim in Egypt bringing many of the Egyptain natives closer to it's ties with Jeresuleam.

756 BCE: King Samson I of the Hebrews dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as David II.


755 BCE: King Ashur Dan III of Assyria dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Ashur-Nirari V.

753 BCE: The City of Rome is founded in the territory of Lavitum by Romulus and Remus.

752 BCE: King Alaksandush I of Ahhiywana dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Alaksandush II. Alaksandush II will be an Military Genius implementing many changes to the Ahhiywanan army, allowing the kingdom to survive the future years ahead.


750 BCE: King Alaksandush II of Ahhiywana devises the Leo Phalanx. Alaksandush keeps the thick armour of the Ahhiywanan's but changes it into a Phalanx. These Leo's will have stronger, lighter armor, and will fight in close series of rows.

745 BCE: Military coup in Assyria. King Ashur Nirari V is overthrown, and an army general takes the throne as King Tiglath Pileser III. Tiglath Pileser will abandon the alliance with Phoenicia, and will resume Assyria’s aggressively expansionist policies, leading to virtually continuous warfare throughout his reign. Also in this year, King Minotaus II of Minoa dies, he is succeeded by his cousin who takes to the throne Orestron II.

743 BCE: Elam has been in a disunified state since the defeat inflicted upon it by King Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon over 300 years ago. In this year, a new dynasty comes to power at Susa which will re-unify the country. King Khumbanigash I takes the throne as the first king of a united Elam, which will become a major power in the succeeding

743-741 BCE: Phoenicia vs. Assyria. Assyria invades Phoenician and tries to sieze the cities of Haran and Carchemish. The cities strongly resist, and Tiglath Pileser becomes involved in a protracted siege at both cities. King Ithobaal II of Phoenicia makes an alliance with King Sardur II of Urartu against Assyria. The allies meet Tiglath Pileser’s army in battle outside of Carchemish in 742 BC. The Assyrians are victorious, but at huge cost, and have to abandon their sieges and return to Assyria. The following year, King Ithobaal leads the allied forces into Assyria, where they meet Tiglath Pileser again in battle, this time outside the city of Ashur. The Assyrians this time meet defeat, and Tiglath Pileser sues for peace. A treaty is agreed upon later that year. Urartu and Phoenicia both take some minor territory from Assyria. King Tiglath Pileser III plots revenge.

742 BCE: King David II of the Hebrews falls into Idolatry and is assainated. He is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Menalik III, Menalik is an extremley weak King causing many of his court officials plotting Rebellion.

740 BCE: King Ithobaal II of Phoenicia dies he is succeeded by his sons who takes to the throne as Hiram II.

c.a. 740 BCE: King Perehu of Punt dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Wesh-Bes I. Wesh-Bes is an Highly agressive King, and declares that it is time to free their Egyptian cousins from the 'Tyrantical' hands of the Hebrews. He leads his army northward, and easily pushes back Menalik's forces conquering the cities of Tanis, Sais, Leontopolis,
Herakleopolis, Hermopolis, and Memphis. Finally in the Great battle of Thebes, Menalik himself is killed and the Hebrews retreat back to Isreal. Within a few years he receives oaths of loyalty from the various rival kings of Egypt, declaring his rule as Pharoah. Under his dynasty, the 25th (Puntite) Dynasty, United Kingdoms of Punt, Kush and Egypt will begin to take an active role in the affairs of the middle east once more.

740-738 BCE: Since c. 850 BCE, the Medes, a group of Indo-Iranian tribes, have been settling in the region east of the Zagros Mountains, and their power has been growing, especially since they have often allied themselves with Urartu. However, they have never managed to unite, and the Assyrians have been able to keep these fierce tribesmen in check. Beginning with Shalmaneser II in 836 BCE, Assyrian kings have campaigned against them. King Tiglath Pileser III continues this tradition, campaigning against the Medes from 740-738 BCE. He is unable to conquer them, but devastates their country and carries away much booty. Median power is greatly reduced.

739 BCE: King Menalik III of the Hebrews is killed in battle with the Puntites. He is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Saul II. Also in this year, King Sardur II of Uratu breaks his alliance with Phoenicia Border warfare between the two kingdoms begins which will continue on for some time. Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria, of course, will take advantage of this.

738 BCE: King Mita (Midas) III comes to the throne of Phrygia. He will war against Phoenicia in an unsuccessful attempt to regain the former Phrygian lands east of the Halys River. Mita will also be known for his fabulous wealth, giving rise to the legend of “Midas of the Golden Touch.”

735 BCE: Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria invades Urartu. No territory is annexed by Assyria...this was more of a raid than an actual war of conquest. His armies carry away a lot of booty, however, and Urartu is weakened.


734-728 BCE: King Hiram II and his predescessor's have been eyeing one city for several years...Babylon. King Hiram and his army travel westward from Tyre to the rich city setting up several settlements and Towns creating the Road of Hiram. Hiram hires Sabean Archeitects from Marib to the city of Astartis(Midway point between Tyre and Babylon) to create an massive Dam, creating an lush fertile Region in which many Phoenican claim as home. After the building of Astartis...The refreshed army moves westward again, this time under the reign of Luli I and kills, the Chaldean cheiftan/King of Babylon Ukin-zer and his Assyrian allies. King Luli declares himself King of Babylon, the first Phoenican monarch to do so.


729 BCE: King Hiram II of Phoenicia dies, he is succeeded by his son o takes to the throne as Mattan II. Mattan proves to be an very weak king, and is upsured by Luli I, the son of Hiram most trusted advisors.


c.a. 728 BCE: The varous Median tribes are united the first time by King Deioces.

726 BCE: King Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria dies, and is succeeded by his son,
Shalmaneser V.

c.a. 725 BCE: The Cimmerians, a nomadic Indo-Iranian people living in the region north of
the Black and Caspian Seas, are defeated by the Scythians and forced out of their homeland. The Cimmerians had been using war chariots, but quickly adopted Scythian light cavalry tactics after being defeated by said people. Some of them settle in the Crimea (giving that peninsula their name), but most will flee south through the Caucasus Mountains into Anatolia and Mesopotamia, where they will cause great destruction.

723 BCE: King Alaksandush II of Ahhiywana dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Menelaus I.

722-721 BCE: King Shalmaneser V of Assyria is assassinated in 722 BC, and civil war breaks out in Assyria. The final victor, Shalmaneser’s younger brother, will take the throne as King Sargon II in 721 BC.

721 BCE: King Orestron II of Minoa dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Androgeos III. Also in this year. King Luli I makes an Treaty of alliance Khumbanigash I of Elam against Assyria.

720 BCE: The Cimmerians burst out of the Caucasus and invade the Kingdom of Urartu. King Rusas I attempts a pre-emptive attack, but is defeated. Urartu is looted as far south as Lake Urmia, but their fortified cities are not taken by the nomads, and the kingdom survives (albeit severely weakened). This proves to be a temporary incursion by the Cimmerians. Also in this year, King Menelaus is eager to see his father's Leo Phalanx in action joins the Anti-Assyrian Alliance.

720-710 BCE: The alliance of Babylon, Elam, and Ahhiywana declare war on Assyria in 720 BCE. In a series of grinding campaigns which will consume the next decade, the three powers destroy Assyrian power forever. The great cities of Assyria are taken, one by one, and sacked, and the Assyrian armies are defeated. The Babylonian and Elamite armies are amazed by the sheer force, and power of the Leo Phalanx as the storm through the Assyrian Kingdom The final straw comes when King Rusas I of Urartu joins the anti-Assyrian alliance. King Sargon II is killed in battle outside Nineveh in 712 BC. His son, Sennacherib, is unable to recover the situation, and is himself killed when Nineveh itself falls to siege in 710 BC. Assyria disappears from the map as an independent state. The victorious allies divide the land between them. King Luli takes the biggest slice with taking the region west of the Harbur River to the junction of the Upper Zab and Tigris Rivers (including the cities of Nuzi and Ashur). King Argishtis II of Urartu (who had succeeded his father, Rusas I, in 714 BC) takes the territory west of the Habur River and north of the junction of the Upper Zab and Tigris Rivers, including the cities of Nineveh, Calah, and Sargon’s capital at Dur Sharrukin. King Shutruk-Nahhunte II of Elam (who had succeeded his father, Khumbanigash I, in 717 BC) and King Menelaus I are pretty much left out in the cold, and this, along with the disputed nature of the border between Phoenica and Urartu (who have no obvious natural boundary between them, will lead to much warfare in the succeeding decades.

717 BCE: King Khumbanigash I of Elam dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as King Shutruk-Nahhunte II.

716 BCE: King Saul II of the Hebrews dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as King Samson II. Samson will be what we call in OTL an Lazziez-faire Ruler, and leave the United Hebrew kingdom in a Deep state of Depression.

714 BCE: King Rusas I of Uratu dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Argishtis II.

712 BCE: Pharaoh Wesh-Bes I of Punt dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Perehu II. Perehu will, shortly after assuming the throne, attack the last remaining native Egyptian as well as Hebrew stronghold, the city-state of Sais, which is ruled by Pharaoh Bocchoris of the 24th Dynasty. The city falls, and Bocchoris is slain. But some of his family survive, and will eventually return to throne of Egypt as the 26th Dynasty.

709-705 BCE: Phoenicia vs. Elam. War erupts as King Shutruk-Nahhunte II tries to make good his claim to some of the spoils from the recent war with Assyria. The war is inconclusive.

705-702 BCE: Pharaoh Perehu II of Punt, flush with his victory over Sais, decides to expand his empire into Asia. In the year of 705 BCE, Perehu invades palestine. King Samson II of the Hebrew calls on King Luli I for aid. King Luli responds by leading an army southward against the Puntites. The two forces meet in the Valley of Jezreel, near the town of Meggido. A bloody battle is fought in which the forces of Phoenicia and the Hebrews emerge victorious. However, King Samson is killed in the battle and the tribes fall into civil war. King Luli decides to expand his kingdom and lays siege on the cities of Samaria and Jerusealum lasting two years. However the cities do fall, and King Luli declares himself king of the Hebrews.

701 BCE: King Luli I of Phoenicia in a massive celebration in Tyre recognizes the sheer growth and power of the former disparte Phoenican City-states to now rulling soundly over the Aramaens, Babylonians, Assyrians, and the Hebrews. Luli is recognized by his many other Vassal rulers as the First Great King over the Phoenician Empire.

700 BCE: King Menelaus I of Ahhiywana dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Thyestes I.

[Historico]

I'm having an hard time about getting my map on the thread for my latest installment. Any ideas?

[Othniel]

I'm going to ask, which nations did Solomon have political alliences through marriage with? Turns out in the OTL there were quite a few, including Sidon and Egypt. So care to explain which wife his heir comes from? By that you may detrime which countries are going to be more closely allied with him. I mean you aren't going to attack your grandkids if the guy dies an early death...

[Historico]

I'm going to ask, which nations did Solomon have political alliences through marriage with? ...

Solomon had several: Tyre, Egypt, Taresstoss in Spain, South India, and lands further south than Punt.



Turns out in the OTL there were quite a few, including Sidon and Egypt. So care to explain which wife his heir comes from?

Menalik I, comes from the Political and Physical union between Queen Makedah of Sheba(South Arabia)

By that you may detrime which countries are going to be more closely allied with him. I mean you aren't going to attack your grandkids if the guy dies an early death


Most of Solomon's allainces did stay strong in the succeession of Kings over an united Kingdom of the Hebrews. While Other's just fell apart after his death.

Annyone else have any questions?

[Historico]

Im gonna rewrite the latest installment, and extend it back a hundred years.

[JHPier]

...
1210-1200 BCE: The Peleset, Shekelesh, Denyen, Weshesh, Lukka, Sherden, and The Teresh a.k.a., The Sea Peoples lay seige against the Medeterrainen. ...

...c.a. 1200 BCE: The Doric tribes north of Greece move westward and join the Phyrigan and Kaska tribesman besiging the Hittite Empire.
From what I've read the Peleset are supposed to have been Achaeans who were fleeing the chaos back home, while the Shekelesh, Sherden and Teresh were the people of respectively Sicily, Sardinia and mainland Italy.
Where do they all come from if Greece/Italy remain stable?

Apparently the modern view is that the Dorians came in after 1100 BC, basically picking up the pieces once Mycenae had gone under, rather than being the villains in the piece.

How do Mycanaean seafarers get to the land of Punt without the Suezcanal?

[Historico]

From what I've read the Peleset are supposed to have been Achaeans who were fleeing the chaos back home, while the Shekelesh, Sherden and Teresh were the people of respectively Sicily, Sardinia and mainland Italy.

Where do they all come from if Greece/Italy remain stable?

Italy is not as Stable as it seems, although there are several Minoan Colonies spread about the Medeterranien, most of them have absorbed their Respective Island Culture.


Apparently the modern view is that the Dorians came in after 1100 BC, basically picking up the pieces once Mycenae had gone under, rather than being the villains in the piece.

Interesting, I'm gonna check in on that.


How do Mycanaean seafarers get to the land of Punt without the Suezcanal.

Extensive Land Routes on the down through the nile, Cross land to get the Red Sea to travel to Punt. By the end of my last installment, since Punt Dominates the Upper East African Coast, It shouldn't be impossible to contact them.

[Historico]

THE AHHIYWAN EMPIRE: Part Three, The Cimmerians

EARLY INSTALLMENT TO THE TL.

1183-716 BCE: Rule of the Latin Kings: In central italy, Colonists(Probably of Ahhiywanan descent) find the city of Lavitum which under the House of Silivius brings several Villanovan city states under it's rule. In 753 BCE, Rome is founded by Romulus.


760 BCE: Ahhiywanan Merchants rediscover the colonies of Tartessoss in Iberia. This is the first signs of contact between the two civilizations since the reign of Attarissya I.

c.a. 750 BCE: Etruscan voyages towards southern Tyrrhenian Sea and start of Etruscan 'thalassocracy.' Etruscan sea power and merchant trading begins to make itself felt all over the western Mediterranean.


716 BCE: The Estrucans from the north invade Lavitum and it's colonies and topple the Kingdom. Romulus escapes Rome with his life, and settles in Sicily, where he hopes one day his descendant's might be able to crush the Estrucans and restore Lavitum to it's former glory.

c.a. 700 BCE: The tribal kingdom of Nok is established in along the niger River valley in west Africa. The Agricultural Nokite people will be known for their unique Iron smelting techinques and great Terracotta sculptures.

*********

700 and Onwards BCE: Cimmerian invasions of Anatolia and Mesopotamia.

699 BCE: King Shutruck II of Elam dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Khallushu I.

698 BCE: After dealing with severity of the Cimmerian Invasions, King Argishtis II of Uratu orders a reorginazation of the Hurrian military. Argishtis II orders that The chariot force is disbanded and converted to cavalry (each chariot demobilized allows two cavalrymen to be added to the army). With this revamped army, Uratu is better equipped to handle the Onuslaught of the Cimmerians.

697 BCE: King Luli I of the Phoenician Empire, reorginizes his army based on the Uratian model.

696 BCE: The Cimmerians attempt to invade Uratu, but is soundly defeated due to the much larger preponderance of cavalry and is much more mobile. King Argishtis II conceeds with King Luli of Phoenicia to let the Cimmerians and gives them free passage over his lands to attack the Phrygian Kingdom, which has been a constant thorn in the side of both Phoenicia and Uratu since King Mita III ascended the throne almost 40 years ago.

695 BCE: The Cimmerians sack the kingdom of Phrygia and settle there. King Mita
(Midas) III commits suicide in his capital at Gordium when the city falls to the
Cimmerians. The Cimmerians decides against having an puppet Mushki vassal ruler, and places an Cimmerian cheiftan in control instead.

694 BCE: King Luli "The Great" of the Phoenician empire dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Luli II.

693 BCE: King Khallusha I of Elam dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Kutir Nakhkhunte I.

692 BCE: King Kutir Nakhkhunte I of Elam dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Khumma Menau. Khumma will be an extremley paranoid king and kills of most of his family and Court Officals upon his ascension to the throne.

692-682 BCE: King Argshtis II of Uratu dreams of reclaiming the former Uratian glory. He invades the nation of Medes in the spring of 692 BCE. King Deioces is an strong ruler, but evidently is suprised by the arrogance of the Uratians. The Uratian Calvary is successfull in taking the fortressed cities, as Deioces struggles to keep the Median throne in his hands. In the great battle of Halue in 687 BCE, The Medeian military suffer an crushing defeat and seek aid from the Elamites. Khumma Menau replies sending an Half-hearted assitance against the invading Hurrians. However their combined forces are able to hold off the wrath of Argshtis, and the Kingdom of the Medes is offically annexed into the Uratian Kingdom in 784 BCE. However, an exiled King Deioces is found in the Armenian mountains and is slaughterd upon Impact. The Kingdom of the Medes is no more.

690 BCE: the Cimmerian chieftain Dugdamme deposes and murders crown Prince Gordios IV of Phrygia, ending the Phrygian dynasty. Dugdamme declares himself Kingand the land is renamed Cimmeria.

690 and onwards BCE: Cimmerians invade Ahhiywana. King Thystes I of Ahhiywana is caught of gaurd by the establishment of the kingdom of Cimmeria. Slowly but surely, the Cimmerians begin to invade the cities of Iona, then to the Ahhiywanan Mainland itself. Although the Cimmerain hordes are beaten back by the surperior Phalanx of Ahhiywana, Cimmerian culture greatly influences Ahhiywanan culture. For Generations, Many of the youth write treatises on horse training and herding the animals instead of producing works the altered the course of Western Civilazation. Although set back, a couple of hundred years by OTL Greeks...The sheer size and power of the Ahhiywanan military grows with the Cimmerian additons.

689 BCE: King Khumma Menau "The Mad" of Elam dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Khumma Khaldash I.

687 BCE: Pharaoh Perehu II of Punt dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Ger-Hath I. Also in this year Androgeos III of Minoa dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Tar-Poesi I.

686 BCE: In the Phoenican proveince of Israel, Manasseh(Descendant of David) after journeying an religous pilgramge through Egypt and Canan returns to Jereuselum He publishes to radical theories that will shape the middle east for many years to come. One, is that the Hebrew national god Yaweh and that Aten, the Sun god established by Pharaoh Akhenaton are one and the same. Two, that Yaweh and Asheroh are the ONLY two gods in the entire universe. Although the first Idea spreads like wildfire through the Puntite proveince of Egypt, and the Phoenician proveince of Israel. The Second is highly contreversial, but shall prevail never the less.

686-680 BCE: Pharaoh Ger-Hath I of Punt and King Tar-Posei I of Minoa prove to be both agressive and declare war on eachother. The war is Drawn out and Exhausting for both powers, establishing an permanent border between the two.

685 BCE: King Agishtis II of Uratu dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Rusas II. Rusas will be an extremley popular king, who will attempt for the most part of his reign to ensure that his native Hurrrians and Medes become morce connected to eachother.

681 BCE: King Khumma Khaldash I of Elam dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Khumma Khaldash II.

680 BCE: King Luli II of the Phoenican Empire dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Baal I.

676 BCE: King Khummu Khaldash II of Elam is assainated and the throne is Upsurped by Shilhak-In-Shushinak, a general in the Elamite army.

675 BCE: Pharaoh Ger-Hath attempts to invade Palestine but is beaten back the massive Phoenican Army.

c.a. 675 BCE: Persians, a group of Indo-European tribes related to the Medes, move into the Elamite region known as Anshan. Their chieftain, Hakhamanish (Achaemenes to Ahhiywanans) is recognized as King of Anshan by King Shilhak-In-Shushinak of Elam, and
becomes vassal of the Elamite King.

c.a. 670 BCE: Cheiftan Patatua, subdues the many Scythian tribes of the Eurasian Steppe(With help from Uratu). He declares himself Emperor over the vast Scythian realm, this is forcefully recognized by his vassal rulers.


670 BCE: King Russas II of Uratu begins many building projects through the Uratian Kingdom.

668 BCE: King Thystes I of Ahhiywana dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Menelaus II. Menelaus will be an extremley strong king, and will appose of the 'Illegal' Immigration taking place in Ahhiywana by the Cimmerians. Because of this, He will launch many campaigns deep into the heart of Cimmeria to destroy it.

c.a. 660 and Onwards BCE: The consolidation of the Scythain empire, brings waves of the Scythian Army into Uratu, Elam, Phoeinica, and to some extent Ahhiywana. Uratu will be the hardest hit of these invasions, but manage to keep them behind the Caucus for a while. Scythia will be an great enemy of Ahhiywana, and will be almost constant warfare with eachother for almost Two centuries, untill the victor is fully established.

660 BCE: King Menelaus II, tired of the strain of the Ahhiywanan economic structue introduces the world's first standardized money, in the form of electrum coins, stamped with the king's seal. The idea will eventually spread throughout the world, and replace barter economies with money economies. Also in this year, King Russas II "The Great" of Uratu dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Sardur III.

659 BCE: King Dugdamme I of Cimmeria dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Dugdamme II.

654 BCE: Phoenican Merchants sailing from Tyre, founds a colony in the Balearic Islands at Ibiza. Also in this year, King Tar-Poesi of Minoa dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Sheshonq III.

653 BCE: Pharaoh Ger-Hath I of Punt dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Wesh-Bes II. Also in this year, King Shilhak-In-Shushinak of Elam dies he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Khumbanigash II.

652-648 BCE: King Menelaus II of Ahhiywana looks eastward for expansion into Anatolia. He successfully wipes oit the Cimmerian defensive forces of Cimmeria. For two years, Heavy fighting increased as well as Ahhiywanan victories. In 649 BCE, an sweeping plague drives through Eastern Anatolia and hit's the Ahhiywanan forces hard as even King Menelaus himself is killed. An Treaty is signed on Cyprus declaring that Ahhiywana now possessed the lands of Sardis and west of that city.

651 BCE: King Khumbanigash II of Elam dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Atta-Khumma-In-Shushinak. Also in this year, Emperor Patatau I of Scythia dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Patatau II

649 BCE: King Menelaus II of Ahhiywana dies of Illness on the battle field. Since he has no male heirs, the throne fall rightfully into the hands of his daughter Antiope.

648 BCE: King Atta-Khumma-In-Shushinak of Elam dies, he is succeeded by Indabigash.

647 BCE: King Indabigash of Elam dies, he is succeeded by Khumma Khaldash III.


c.a. 645 BCE: King Dugdamme II of Cimmeria is assainated, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Hyberious I.

645-638 BCE: King Hyberious I of Cimmeria, is extemeley Illustrious King, an not only does he wants the former Cimmerian lands gained by Ahhiywana by the Treaty of Cyprus, but the mainland of Ahhiywana itself. Hyberious invades Ahhiywana through the Ionan porvience. Queen Antiope proves to be more than Hyberious bargained for, and the Cimmerians are severely defeated. The Great Queen then sends a series of yearly campaigns into Cimmeria, aimed at the destruction of that kingdom and the final elimination of the Cimmerian threat once and for all. The Ahhiywanans capture the Cimmerian capital at Gordium in 638 BCE, and King Hyberious is slain. Antiope occupies all of the former lands of Phrygia shortly thereafter. The Cimmerians cease to be a threat, and will eventually be absorbed into the population of Anatolia under Ahhiywanan rule.

643-620 BCE: The Uratian/Elamite Wars: The Hurrians under King Sardur III totally defeats and conquers the kingdom of Elam over a period of 23 years.

c.a. 640 BCE: During the Cimmerian War, Akhena of Salamis subdues the other, Neo-Alashite, Phoenican, Minoan, and Ahhiywanan communities under him. He declares himself King of Alashiya and this is recognized by his Vassal Rulers. Also in this year, King Hakhamanish of the Persians dies, and is succeeded by his son, who takes to the throne as Kurush (Greek--Cyrus) I.

640 BCE: Emperor Baal I of the Phoenician Empire dies, he is succeeced by his son who takes to the throne as Ithobaal III.

638 BCE: King Paratau II successfully invades the Coalchian cities around the Black sea under Ahhiywanan rule. Ahhiywana exhausted from ther wars with Cimmeria, does nothing to stop it.

632 BCE: Pharaoh Wesh-Besh II of Punt dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Parakah I.

631 BCE: Revolution in Egypt. For the past century, Egypt has chafed under the rule of the foreign kings of Punt (who are reigning in Egypt as the 25th Dynasty). The city of Sais has as it’s nomarch a man named Psamtik, who is descended from the last Pharaoh of the Saite 24th Dynasty. He has been for some time, intriguing with King Tar-Poesei of Minoa, seeking support for a rebellion against the Kushite rulers of Egypt. Psamtik has
gained financial support for his efforts, but no promise of troops or other direct aid. However, the financial aid proves to be enough.Psamtik builds an army around a core of Ahhiywanan mercenaries, and in 631 BC marches against the forces of Pharaoh Parakah I. Parakah is defeated outside Memphis, and flees to the south, setting up his base at Thebes. Psamtik is left in control of Lower Egypt (the Delta Region), where he declares himself Pharaoh, beginning the 26th Dynasty. For the next nine years, there will be warfare between Upper Egypt (under Parakah) and Lower Egypt (under Psamtik).

631-609 BCE: In a long reign, Pharaoh Psamtik I establishes the pattern of kingship which will prevail in the new 26th dynasty. The attitude of the Saite Pharaohs towards the kingship will be radically different from the Egyptian tradition. The lifestyle of the pharaohs of Sais will be much less ostentatious, to the point of being considered frugal by contemporary writers. And there will be no return to the ancient traditions under later kings. Psamtik will strengthen royal power over the provincial warlords and the priesthood by abrogating feudal and clerical immunities and privileges. Psamtik will also encourage Phoenican(The Great Philosophers of my Tl come from here) settlement within Egypt. Psamtik will make extensive use of the mighty Ahhiywanan mercenaries in the army, and Psamtik will build a cities, the greatest of which is called Naukratis, where Ahhiywanan, Phoenican, and Minoan scholars and merchants will be settled, and endow these cosmopolitan communities with land and rights. Psamtik will also establish and powerful trade network with Ahhiywanai by whose aid he was able to overthrow the Puntite "tyranny" over Egypt.

c.a. 630 BCE: Birth of Zarathustra (Zoroaster). Over his lifetime, Zarathustra will found a new religion, which will become known as Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrianism is a dualistic religion; in Zarathustra's cosmos, the universe is under the control of two contrary gods, Ahura-Mazda, the creating god who is full of light and good, and Ahriman, the god of Dark and evil. These two evenly matched gods are in an epic struggle over creation; at the end of time, Ahura-Mazda and his forces will emerge victorious. All of creation, all gods, all religions, and all of human history and experience can be understood as part of this struggle between light and dark, good and evil. Zoroastrianism, however, is a manifestly eschatological religion; meaning and value in this world is oriented towards the end of history and the final defeat of Ahriman and all those gods, humans, and other animate forces arrayed on the dark side of creation. This will eventually have profound consequences as Zoroastrianism gradually becomes the primary religion of the Persians and their kings of the Achaemenid line. Since Zoroastrianism recognizes that all the gods worshipped by other peoples are really gods...some as underlings of Ahura-Mazda and some servants of Ahriman...the Persian kings will come to see as their mission the tearing down of religions for evil gods and the shoring up of religions of gods allied with Ahura-Mazda.


630 BCE: The Ashan Kings transfer their allaince to Sardur III and become vassals to the mighty Uratian kingdom. The Persians join in the war against Elam, which begins to go badly for the latter kingdom. Also in this year, The Burning of the capital of the North African Minoan proveince of Tjemis. The city is plunderd by these invaders, and King Tar-Poesi II blames it on the Tartessians. Also in this year,

c.a. 622 BCE: The reunification of Egypt. Psamtik I of the Saite 26th Dynasty, ruler of Lower Egypt, captures Thebes, capital of Upper Egypt and seat of the Puntite 25th Dynasty. Upper Egypt’s Pharaoh, Parakah, is killed, and his successor, Nehsi, is forced to flee to the Puntite capital of Eti. Psamtik begins wearing the Double Crown of Egypt, symbolizing the reunification of the country under his rule. Nehsi rules as King of Punt and Kush, for this period of time.

622 BCE: Queen Apotine of Ahhiywanan dies, she is succeeded by her son who takes to the throne as Aegichus I(Aegithus). Aegichus will be an extremley oppressive ruler, will place heavy taxes on the high Priests of the kingdom and Merchants as well. He will also attempt many times to reclaim the former Ahhiywanan lands around the black sea. His most dastardly act is an embargo against all Phoenician ships in what he considers, Ahhiywanan waters

621 BCE: Aegichus I of Ahhiywana establishes the first Ahhiywanan code of Law. The Code is extremley harsh and will further seperate the People from their Great King. Also in this year King Tar-Poesi III of Minoa dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Orestron III.

620 BCE: King Shutruk Nahhunte III of Elam is killed when the Elamite capital city of
Susa falls to the forces of the Uratian King Sardur III and King Kurush I of Anshan. End of the Elamite dynasty...and the Elamite Kingdom. Elam is split between the two powers.

620-618 BCE: King Aegichus I of Ahhiywana begins to police the waters of the Agean. He will commit several acts of Piracy against Phoenician Merchants and the Navy. Emperor Ithobaal III warns that massive Phoenician military witll take place if it doesn't pull out of Phoenican Waters. Several Naval Battles flare up between the two, but war is never Declared.

618-610 BCE: King Aegichus "The Tyrant" of Ahhiywana is assainated by an Ahhiywanan Merchent. He dies without an heir ending the Second(Clymnestrian) Dynasty ends, plundges Ahhiywana into Civil War .Over a course of five years, Various factions take the title of the Great King of Ahhiywana but are no less weaker than the rulers of the other Ahhiywanan cities. In Anatolia, an Cimmerian Cheiftan named Con-Nean I temporaily reastblishes Cimmeria. Finally in the year 612 BCE. Akeleash(Achilles) I of an powerful family in Myceane is able to subdue, the other Kings in mainland Ahhiywana to mere vassalage. Now with the combined Ahhiywanan Army, Akeleash marches into Anatolia, Liberates the Ionan Provience. As Akeleash nears the Cimmerian capital, Con-Nean's power structure falls apart, and he himself is killed in the great battle of Sardis in 610 BCE. Akleash I takes the title of the Great King of Ahhiywana, and this is recognized by his Vassal Rulers.

616 BCE: Emperor Ithobaal III of Phoenician Empire dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the the throne as Baal II. Also in this year, the Etruscans conquer the small Latin town of Rome in Italy. Tarquinius I Priscus becomes King of Rome. Etruscan kings will reign there for the next 100 years.ª

614 BCE: King Akhena I of Alashiya dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Akhena II. Also in this year, King Sardur III of Uratu dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Tusratta II(Taking the name from the old Mitannian Kings)

613 BCE: Emperor Paratatu II of Scythia dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Cannis I.

610-575 BCE: Reign of Akleash I. In his long and Prosperous reign, Akleash will be an extremley popular ruler. He is an Patron of the Arts, and will initiate many building projects that will be an representation of the splendor of the great Kingdom of Ahhiywana. He will also be an Great military minded, and regain the Ahhiywanan former proveince of Coalchis from the Scythians and consolidate the gains of Cimmerian lands in Anatolia. However, His most memorable triumuph is the esablishment of the Delain Council, which will ensure him and his descendants an most definate position on the throne for many years.

608 BCE: Under the Tyrant Aegichus I, the Ahhiywanan People suffered greatly, and demand an more represenative form of Government and an written Document be made set in Stone. King Akleash agrees, and a committee, composed of the Great King and the Vassal Rulers of the multipling cities of the Kingdom, meets to craft the document on the holy island of Delos. After several months of hard negotiating, a document is crafted which is acceptable to all sides. The Great King retains his powers as head of state and chief High Priest of the state religion, including complete control of how state revenues are spent. However, he is to be advised by the Delian Council , who will be elected from among the Ahhiywanan Beurocats once every four years. The Council has the power to approve or disapprove new taxes and other measures which may imfringe on the rights of the people, such as changes to criminal law, property siezures, etc. It also must approve of any decision by the Great King to declare war on a foreign power. King Akleash I signs the document, and the first Delian Council members are elected shortly thereafter. What emerges is the world’s first constitutional monarchy. It is not a democracy, or anything close to it.

605-603 BCE: The Coalchin War: With premision of the Delian Council, King Akleash I charges Northwestward to retake the wealthy coalchin provience from the Scythian. The Military expells the Scythian Army out of the Ahhiywanan towns, and for two years fight against Cannis's hordes. An Treaty is signed in the city of Abae, giving the Ahhiywanan's rightful claim to Coalchis. Akleash I ecourages, Ahhiywanan's citzens to expand northward and begin to colonize the areas' of OTL Macedon to the frindges of the Western Balkans.

605-600 BCE: Pharaoh Necho II of Egypt has renewed Egypt’s ties to the Phoenician Empire. In 605 BC, he hires Phoenician shipwrights to build a fleet for the exploration of the African coast. The Egyptian exploration fleet is built at an Egyptian port on the Red Sea, and in 603 BC, it sets sail. The fleet, manned by a mixed force of Egyptian soldiers and Phoenician sailors, sails south along the African coast. Each autumn they come ashore and plant the land in whatever part of the coast they have reached, and there await the harvest; then, having gathered the crop, they sail on. And so, in this manner, they circumnavigate the African continent. In 600 BC they pass through the Pillars of Heracles (the Straits of Gibraltar) and return to Egypt. Upon there return the bring back news of the powerful Tribal Kingdom of Nok in West Africa. The Nokite's intriuge Necho, and yearly expeditons are sent out by Egypt establishing an intricate trade between the two powers.

600 BCE: King Kurush (Cyrus) I of the Persians dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Kambujiya (Cambyses) I. Also in this year, Rome conquers the city of Alba Longa, and The Tartessian Military fails to prevent the establishment of the Ahhiywan colony at MassiliaMarseilles).

[Historico]

Any thought's on my latest installment. I still can't solve the Map problem

[robertp6165]

THE AHHIYWAN EMPIRE: Part Three, The Cimmerians


605-600 BCE: Pharaoh Necho II of Egypt has renewed Egypt’s ties to the Phoenician Empire. In 605 BC, he hires Phoenician shipwrights to build a fleet for the exploration of the African coast. The Egyptian exploration fleet is built at an Egyptian port on the Red Sea, and in 603 BC, it sets sail. The fleet, manned by a mixed force of Egyptian soldiers and Phoenician sailors, sails south along the African coast. Each autumn they come ashore and plant the land in whatever part of the coast they have reached, and there await the harvest; then, having gathered the crop, they sail on. And so, in this manner, they circumnavigate the African continent. In 600 BC they pass through the Pillars of Heracles (the Straits of Gibraltar) and return to Egypt. Upon there return the bring back news of the powerful Tribal Kingdom of Nok in West Africa. The Nokite's intriuge Necho, and yearly expeditons are sent out by Egypt establishing an intricate trade between the two powers.



One problem...the Nok culture of west Africa did not exist. It arose about 500 BC and ended about 200 AD. Until 350 BC, when iron-working was discovered (or imported...scholars are still arguing that one), it was a relatively primitive stone-age culture which would be very unlikely to interest Necho.

[Historico]

One problem...the Nok culture of west Africa did not exist. It arose about 500 BC and ended about 200 AD. Until 350 BC, when iron-working was discovered (or imported...scholars are still arguing that one), it was a relatively primitive stone-age culture which would be very unlikely to interest Necho.

Actually most Scholars think that the tribe apperard about 900 BCE, and by 600 BCE, began Iron-working. Necho would be intrigued with these peoples because he could get Iron supplies and tools cheaper, and there strength by dominating other tribes. If only they had washed ashore and discovered them.

[robertp6165]

Actually most Scholars think that the tribe apperard about 900 BCE, and by 600 BCE, began Iron-working. Necho would be intrigued with these peoples because he could get Iron supplies and tools cheaper, and there strength by dominating other tribes. If only they had washed ashore and discovered them.

Well, I have to disagree. The radiocarbon and other dates for Nok sites show that they arose about 500 BC and were working iron by 350 BC. I have yet to see a source which contradicts that date.

And why would Necho want to import ironworking from all the way over in west Africa when he has plenty of competent ironworkers right at home? Compared to what Egypt already had, the Nok really had nothing of interest.

[Historico]

Well, I have to disagree. The radiocarbon and other dates for Nok sites show that they arose about 500 BC and were working iron by 350 BC. I have yet to see a source which contradicts that date.

And why would Necho want to import ironworking from all the way over in west Africa when he has plenty of competent ironworkers right at home? Compared to what Egypt already had, the Nok really had nothing of interest.


We'll maybe he sees them as an proto-Egyptians how just need an slight push to get along. Could The Egyptians discover and begin colonizing Britian or that would be to many butterflies? Also did Dacia exist around this time or even Illyria?

I have also done my part in some research on Ahhiywana and it's that one of the Hittite Records show that an rouge vassal king named Piramadus was causing the Ahhiywanan king some distress.

[Historico]

THE AHHIYWAN EMPIRE: Part Four.......PERSIA


EARLIER SEGEMENTS TO THE TIMELINE

c.a.1300's and Onward BCE: During the Age of the Assuwan Leauge, Ahhiywan contact and trade strecthed as far as Punt in Africa. Ahhiywan merchants using advanced ships similar to OTL's Greek Trieme passing through the pillars of Hercules establish trade relations with "The People Of The North"(The Mound People of Bronze Age Denmark). Many bronze age people were buried in a coffin made by splitting and hollowing out a large oak trunk, and over this coffin a large burial mound was built. Turf was removed from the surrounding surface and piled in a ring around the coffin, always turned so the grass side was downwards. The building was carried out in several stages, and the mound became higher and higher with a flat top like a truncated cone. Finally a kind of cap of turf was laid on top of the cone, and this gave the burial monument its characteristically rounded form. When the earthwork was finished, a ring of large stones or a fence of stout posts was often placed around the mound. The clothes of the Northen people were made from fine-woven wool. The yarn was spun from natural-coloured sheep’s wool. The female garments usually consisted of two parts: a bodice and a skirt. The Men also were comptent farmers using the plought to cultivate more grounds. Over the years Ahhiywan contact has pushed Northern expansion further south where the live in Rectangular houses made of wood and thatched wuth reeds gathered from lakes. They also adapt the Ahhiywan alphabet(OTL's Linear B) and the Phalanx making them formidable opponents against the Proto-celts.

c.a. 603-597 BCE: Under Attack by the Etruscans in Italy, The Neo-Villanovan City states form an powerful confederation against Etruia under the leadership of Ascania(OTL Bologna). Each Etruscan city ahd its own army. Although these cities were united by a leauge, they seldom operated togerther, which was their great weakness. Still the Etrusan's pushed on and in 601 BCE, King Civilus of Ascania asks for aid from King Akleash I of Ahhiywana against the Etruscan Leauge. Akleash replies by sending Twelve Ahhiywan naval ships with Miltary units to the Villanovans and make landfall on the Adriatic port city of Ancona. The Leo Phalanx with the Warriors of the Villanovan cities proves to be and great match up as the begin swarming through Etruscan Territory. Armor for the highest ranking Villanovan Offical was an elbaorate Poncho types, beaten bronze decorated with embossing. For the others, Armour consited of of a round capped helmet, and a curais which was usually only a small breastplate. Sheilds were made of wood/Wicker with rawhide facing. Warriors fought on foot with spears, javelins, swords, daggers and Axes. The Villanova/Ahhiywana allaince sacks the cities of the Veii, Chiusi, and finally Tarquinii in early 597 BCE. The Etruscan Leauge falls apart, and Civilus annexes the former territory of Etruria. Many Etruscans flee from the Villanovans into Latium where Etruscan Rule still dominates central Italy.

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c.a. 600 BCE: For the past six hundred years, many Ahhiywan citzens have gradually moved from mailand Greece into the northern regions of OTL Thrace and Macedon. Over time small villages and communites grew to become powerful cities in the southern Balkans. The Great King prosper from their rich soils and Gold found in the area.

c.a. 600-580 BCE: Indescive Border Warfare between Ahhiywana and Uratu. Since re-aquiring the Cimmerian Territories in 610 BCE, the two powers have remained in an state of Cold War. Small fights and clashes will take place along the borders between them with no apparent victor.

c.a. 593 BCE: Pharoh Necho II "The Navigator" dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Psamtik II.

592-580 BCE: Since, it's independence from Ahhiywana in 640 BCE, Alashiya has expierenced the profits of being an major middleman in the Medeterrianen guiding trade from the Minoan Kingdom, Egypt, The Phoenician Empire, Ahhiywana and many more. Faciltating Bronze, Iron and Ivory to the Major Powers increases the Alashite Population and military might. Hearing of acts of Piracy against the growing Alashite Navy, King Orestron III with approval of the Council of Minos set's sails against Cyprus. The Alashite and Minoan navy are quite well matched and the major fighting portion of the War is at sea. King Akhena finds an ally with the young Pharaoh Psamtik II and together drive through the Minoan North African Proveinces. Intermenit warfare goes on between the Minoans and the Alashite-Egyptian alliance untill an Status Quo Ante Bellum is written about 580 BCE.

588 BCE: Pharaoh Psamtik II of Egypt dies, he is succeeded by his son, who takes to the throne as Whabire I.

585 BCE: King Sardur III of Urartu dies, he is succeeded by his brother who takes to the throne as Kurtizawa II. Kurtizawa will continue to collect tribute from the vassal Kingdom of Ashnan and will continue the piratic acts against Ahhiywana.

580 BCE: Emperor Baal II of the Phoenician Empire dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Baal III.

c.a. 580 BCE: Alashite colonists found the city of Akhenopolis on the Illyrian Coastline. The Alashites will find the climate & land very hospitable and fertile. The Alashite prescence in Europe will grow in remaing years conquering most of the native Illyrians and selling them into slavery.

577-530 BCE: Pharoh Parakah I over the Puntite Empire died in 577 BCE, He is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Ger-Hath II. Ger-Hath II will be an extremley popular King, He will construct the illustirous temple dedicated to the Puntite cheif God of Hathor in the capital city of Eti. He also renews contact with the sub-Saharan tribes around the Lake Chad Area, and the rich Gold mines of Ophir in Southern Africa. Most of all during his reign he will also see an massive military buildup centerd around the Ahhiywan model.


576-570 BCE: War between Phoenicia and Uratu. King Baal II attempts to
conquer the region of Anshan (the former Elamite homeland), which is ruled by the Persian Achaemenid Dynasty (who are, in turn, vassals of the Uratian kings). King Kambujiya (Cambyses) I of Anshan calls on his overlord, King Kurtizawa II of Uratu, for aid, and a six year war between Phoenicia and Uratu is the result. The Uratian Military make inroads into Babylonia’s northern territories, and King Baal II concludes peace with Egypt in order to devote his full attention to Uratu. He is able to drive King Kurtizawa out of his northern provinces, and a stalemate results. A peace treaty is finally signed in 570 BCE.


575 BCE: King Akleash "The Great" of Ahhiywana dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Akleash II.

569 BCE: Civil War in Egypt. In response to the rebellion in the native Egyptian
contingents of the army, Wahibre sends Ahmosi, his son and one of his most trusted generals, to negotiate with the rebels. But when Ahmosi arrives at the rebel camp, the rebels "put a helmet on his head from behind, saying it was the token of royalty," and declare him the new king. Ahmosi decides "it’s good to be the king," goes over to the rebels, and leads the rebel army against Wahibre. Wahibre rallies the mercenary contingent of the army and attempts to put down the insurrection with these forces, but is defeated and forced to flee from Sais. Ahmosi is crowned Pharaoh, and takes the throne as Ahmosi II. However, Wahibre I continues to claim the kingship, and gathers another mercenary army while in exile in Upper Egypt. Finally, in 566 BC, Wahibre I, at the head of his mercenary army, attempts to retake the throne of Egypt from Ahmosi II. He is defeated and killed.

569-525 BCE: Reign of Pharaoh Ahmosi II in Egypt. Ahmosi drastically reduces the proportion of mercenaries in the Egyptian army and reduces the term of service for native troops, ending a continual problem with army revolts. Ahmosi also establishes the world's first income tax. According to many Egyptian Scribes, he established a law that "every year each one of the Egyptians should declare to the ruler of his district, from what source he got his livelihood, and if any man did not do this or did not make declaration of an honest way of living, he should be punished with death." The new tax puts the royal treasury on a more stable footing than it has been in many centuries. Ahmosi also disposes of the goods of the temples as he sees fit. Just as the military nobles had been neutralized by absorbing many of them into the royal administration, the priests are turned into officials of the monarchy too, and their upkeep and that of their temples becomes the responsibility of the royal treasury. The threat to the monarchy posed by the power of the priestly class is broken. Thus by the end of Ahmose II’s reign the foundations have been laid for a very stable, prosperous, and secure society.

568 BCE: Emperor Cannis I of the Scythian Empire dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Targitaus I. Also in this year King Akhena II over Alashiya dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Negral II.

567-556 BCE: The Scythian Wars, The young Emperor Targitaus is an extremley ambitous and military Minded King. He invades Ahhiywana through it's Casucus borders and only six months conquers most of the Northern Territories(OTL's Thrace and Macedon). The Vassal Kings and the Ahhiywanans are carried away in chains to the brutal Scythian Empire. King Akleash II soon hears of this and storms through the mountainous terrain slowly lifting the Scythian sieges. Finally in the battle at Hellspoint, King Akleash II is killed be King Targitaus himself in 564 BCE. Akleash dies heirless, so be law the throne transfers to his younger Vibrant Sister Penelope. Queen Penelope is approved by the Delian Council, and leds the Ahhiywan Military against Tartigtaus. Penelope's forces suffer the most casualites and for three years trudges her way through the Scythian Empire. Finally in early 557 BCE, Standing outside the city gates of Tanis, The Scythian Army simply lays down their weapons and surrenders to the Great Queen. Targitaus, was assasinated by his most trusted advisor Cataylio. Civil War erpupts as many factions attempt to sit on the might Imperial throne of Scythia. All Penelope asks is for all of the Ahhiywan citzens to be returned to the Mainland and an offical boundary be set between the two boundaries. Finally after an year of hard deliberation, the offical boundary is set between Ahhiywana and the Scythian Empire ending the War.


564 BCE: King Akleash II over Ahhiywana dies in battle by the hands of the Scythian King Targitaus. He dies heirless, and by the decree of the Delian Council the throne is succeeded to his youngest sister Penelope. Unlike her brother, Penelope will be an extremly miltary minded ruler, and be known for allying with King Kurush II of Persia, and sponsering many building projects throught the Kingdom


c.a. 560 BCE: The temple of Artemis at Ephesus is built. This temple will eventually become one of the seven wonders of the world.

559 BCE: King King Kambujiya (Cambyses) I of Anshan dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Kurush (Cyrus) II Kurush II, Like his father, Kurush is a vassal of the Uratian King, Kurtizawa.

557 and onwards BCE: Emperor Targitaus over the Scythian Empire is assasinated by an truted advisor. The Scythian Empire breaks up into a civil War with various factions trying to lay claim to the Imperial throne. The Scythian Empire will never become reunified.

556 BCE: Emperor Baal II over the Phoenician Empire dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Baal III.

550 BCE: Kurush (Cyrus) II of Anshan revolts against King Kurtizawa II over Uratu. Kurtizawa is defeated and killed. Kurush takes control of the vast Uratian Kingdom, which will henceforth be known as the Persian Empire. Also in this year, The Minoan Empire allies with the Villanovans against Tartessos. A Minoan force led by Thessus defeats the Tartessian navy off the coast of Sicily, but is devasted in Sardinia. Thessus is banished, and in response marches on Crete, but is caught and executed.

550-500 BCE: La Tene culture develops; Celtic culture reaches its peak. Celtic tribes expand from their homeland in central Europe and begin moving east, south, and west. The only place where the Celts are beaten back the Northern Peoples of Denmark and it's territories.

c.a. 550 BCE: The Sabaeans of southern Arabia build a huge, earth-filled dam near their capital city of Marib, which enables the irrigation of 250,000 acres of land. The population increase this allows enables the Kingdom of Sheba to dramatically expand it's power in southwestern Arabia. Also at about this time, the Nabataean Arabs of northern Arabia begin moving into the land of Edom, causing many Edomites to emigrate northward. The Edomites are gradually absorbed into the Hebrew population. However, the Phoenician Emperors(and later the Persians) prevent the Nabataeans from forming an independent state. Instead, they form a trading class within the larger society of the region, serving as middlemen in the frankincense and myrrh trade between the Sabaeans to the south and the Phoenicians and other kingdoms to the north.

548 BCE: Hearing news of an planned Invasion on Anatolia by the new Persian King, Penelope not wanting to fight another exhausting war sends envoys to Kurush and makes an allaince between Persia. Penelope convinces Kurush to turn northwarthds and conquer the rich former Scythian Empire.

547-545 BCE: The newley formed Ahhiywan/Persian Alliance invades the former Scythian Empire from two directions. Penelope leads the Ahhiywana military through Hellspoint and Kurush through the Caucus Mountains. Kurush soon finds himself bogged down in the Mountain Range but prevails nevertheless. He and his "Immortal army rip through the Eurasian Steppe like wild fire conquering may of the Western Scythian Territories. The Ahhiywan military exhausted by the previous wars is pushed back into it's Coalchin provinces. Kurush sacks the Scythian captial of Tanis in 545 BCE and takes most of the Scythian Territories leaving Ahhiywana little in Return.

539-534 BCE: For the past Decade, Emperor Baal II has seen the damge and Destruction of the hands of Kurush II and his Persian Army. Rush Efforts to try to fortify the cities of Damascus, Jerusalem, Sidon, Babylon, Hattusas and Especially Tyre deflect the Persian Armies of furthirng into Phoenician Territory. His army defeats that of Baal III at the city of Opis, on the Tigris River (near the site of present-day Baghdad), and he lays siege to the city of Babylon itself. Over the course of five years Kurush trudges through the Phoenician Empire conquering the major cities and finally in the year 534 BCE, Kurush II succeeds in killing Baal II in hand to hand combat. He massacres Baal's Relatives and other Vassal ruler's famaies in the Phoenician Empire which is offically annexed in the winter of 534 BCE.

533-531 BCE: Wishing to conquer the remaining power in Arabia Felix, Kurush II of Persia quickly conquers the Desert Tribes north of Sheba. The Persian Navy easily sacks the Sabeaean cities along the coast and finally conquers the captial city of Marib in 531 BCE. The Persian Empire now streches from Zagros Mountains in Iran, To the Medeternain sea along the Cannanite coastline, to the Red Sea in Arabia.

530 BCE: King Kurush II over the Persian Empire dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Kambujiya (Cambyses) II. Kambujiya will spend most of his reign consolidating the territoral gains of his father, while leading his own campaigns into India. Also in this year Pharaoh Parakah II "The Builder" of the Puntite Empire Dies, and is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Parakah III.

c.a. 530 BCE: Watta, an Ahhiywan Mathemetican of Samos begins preaching his new religon. Watta was the head of the society with an inner circle of followers known as mathematikoi. The mathematikoi lived permanently with the Society, had no personal possessions and were vegetarians. They were taught by Watta himself and obeyed strict rules. The beliefs that Watta held were 1. At its deepest level, reality is mathematical in nature 2. Philosophy can be used for spiritual purification 3. The soul can rise to union with the divine 4. Certain symbols have a mystical significance 5. All brothers of the order should observe strict loyalty and secrecy.
The brotherhood of disciples soon gathered around him, inspired by his teachings. The group was strongly religious and devoted to reformation of political, moral, and social life. Both men and women were permitted to become members of the Society, in fact several later women Wattics became famous philosophers. The outer circle of the Society were known as the akousmatics and they lived in their own houses, only coming to the Society during the day. They were allowed their own possessions and were not required to be vegetarians. Over the years the numbers of the members of the Soceity will profoundly expand especially in the Anatolian Provience. Fights shall break out between Worshipers of the Olympian pantheon and the Wattics and shall continue for succeeding years.

530-500 BCE: Persian conquest of northern India. In yearly campaigns, King Kambujiya (Cambyses) II of Persia and his successor, King Darayavahush (Darius) I, conquer most of northern India, defeating the various native kings and incorporating their kingdoms into the Persian Empire.

528-526 BCE: Pharaoh Parakah III invades Egypt, and in a matter of two years conquers the entire area. Egypt is reannexed back into the Puntite Empire. Many Egyptians flee from the Puntite's south to the rich lands of Ophir.

525 BCE: The Persian army, under King Kambujiya, II invades Egypt. The Puntite army meets them at Pelusium, and the Persians are crushed. However, the Puntites also take heavy casualties, and do not pursue the defeated Persians.

523 BCE: Queen Penelope I over Ahhiywana dies, she is succeeded by her son who takes to the throne as Alaksandush III. Also in this year, Kambujiya II again attempts the invasion of Egypt. His army is again defeated, and Kambujiya is killed

523-522 BCE: Civil War in the Persian Empire. In 523 BC, King Kambujiya (Cambyses) II is killed in battle in India. Upon his demise, there is a struggle for the succession to the Persian throne. Gaumata, a pretender who claims to be a son of King Kurush (Cyrus) II named Smerdis who had actually been killed by Kambujiya some years earlier, assumes the throne, but is disputed by another prince of the Achaemenid House, who finally defeats Gautama in 522 BC and assumes the throne as King Darayavahush (Greek--Darius) I.

512 BCE: Nimrokaush, and Cheiftian of Ahhiywan descent unites the various Northern People tribes of Denmark into the united kingdom of Thule. Thule will begin to absorb both Celtic and Ahhiywan culture and mix it with their native customs to come up with an completley unique society and will become an major play in the world in succeededing years.

509 BCE: Overthrow of the Etruscan king Tarquin the Proud and destruction of the monarchy in Rome by Lucius Junius Brutus. Foundation of the Roman Republic; Roman domination of Latium begins.

508 BCE: The city of Rome is attacked, but not captured, by King Lars Porsenna of Clusium. Porsenna is the head of a loose confederation of Etruscan city states and is trying to restore Etruscan rule in Rome.

507 BCE: Treaty between Minoa and Rome.

506 BCE: A planned invasion of Rome by Tarquin the Proud and Lars Porsenna and an army of Etruscans is defeated by the Latin League and Kyhan of Minopolis(Cumae) in a battle at Aricia. Later that year, a Roman noble named Horatius Cocles stops another attempted Etruscan invasion, when he bars the bridge into Rome. While he is defending the bridge, his comrades chop it down to prevent the enemy crossing. Horatius swims, fully armoredacross the Tiber to safety.

505 BCE: The Popular King Alaksandush III over Ahhiywana builds a temple dedicated to the God Panion(Apollo) at Delphi.

500 BCE: Celtic tribes begin moving into Britain

[robertp6165]

THE AHHIYWAN EMPIRE: Part Four.......PERSIA


EARLIER SEGEMENTS TO THE TIMELINE

c.a.1300's and Onward BCE: Ahhiywan merchants using advanced ships similar to OTL's Greek Trieme passing through the pillars of Hercules establish trade relations with "The People Of The North"(The Mound People of Bronze Age Denmark).

A Trireme was a warship. It was not used for trade, and indeed, it would have been completely impractical for trade as it had no cargo capacity. Greek and Phoenician merchants used sail-powered merchant vessels for trading. A picture of a Greek trading vessel appears below.

[Historico]

A Trireme was a warship. It was not used for trade, and indeed, it would have been completely impractical for trade as it had no cargo capacity. Greek and Phoenician merchants used sail-powered merchant vessels for trading. A picture of a Greek trading vessel appears below.


Sorry for the misunderstanding, I meant an standard Greek Merchant Vessel similar to what Pytheas used in his northern voyages. Any other questions or comments?

[Historico]

Did the Persian Kings back Science in General(I know Astrology) but did they back anything else? Would Tarestoss with it's location be able to tap into the Lumber Trade(Could it get if from Portugal?) How long did it take for the Scythians to assimalite into the Persian Empire in OTL?

[Historico]

Expect the next installment some time this week, and does anybody have any thoughts or implausibilities of this Timeline so I might Improve it.

[Forum Lurker]

Did the Persian Kings back Science in General(I know Astrology) but did they back anything else? Would Tarestoss with it's location be able to tap into the Lumber Trade(Could it get if from Portugal?) How long did it take for the Scythians to assimalite into the Persian Empire in OTL?

There really was no "science" at the time; what innovations are your interest? Iberia's never been a very timber-rich peninsula, and only the north and west coasts see enough rainfall to support even local usage. So far as I'm aware, the Scythians never assimilated; they were the source of the Parthian tribes who replaced the first Persian Empire.

[Historico]

There really was no "science" at the time; what innovations are your interest? Iberia's never been a very timber-rich peninsula, and only the north and west coasts see enough rainfall to support even local usage. So far as I'm aware, the Scythians never assimilated; they were the source of the Parthian tribes who replaced the first Persian Empire.




Well I thought the Perisans were intrested in Astrology and Mystiscm(Which could branch of into new sciences after their fall from power.) I would like to see an earlier Printing Press without getting it from China(Paper too...But can Papyrus be used with the Printing Press also?). The Scythians were united for an brief time from my Scources and I do think the Parthians were an branch of the Scythians

[Historico]

THE AHHIYWANAN EMPIRE: Part Five...PERSIA DUEX



c.a. 500 BCE: The Sabaeans are founding colonies on the coast of Ethiopia. These will become the nucleus of the later kingdom of Axum.

494 BCE: The First Secession of the Plebeians in Rome takes place. Creation of the tribunes of the plebs, two of whom are elected annually. Creation of the office of aedile for the plebeians of Rome, held by two men.

493 BCE: A treaty known as the Foedus Cassianum is signed by Rome and the Latins in order to protect themselves against incursions from mountain tribes such as the Aurunci, Volsci, Aequi, and Hernici. The Roman general Gnaeus Marcius captures the Volscian town of Corioli and is thus given, by decree of the senate, the surname Coriolanus. Also in that year, the Volsci are defeated in a battle at Antium.

491 BCE: The famous Roman general Coriolanus is exiled for threatening to raise grain prices during a famine. He is sent to the Volsci but switches sides, and at the head of a Volscian army, captures the Roman cities of Circeii, Satricum, Longula, Polsuca, Corioli, Lavinium, Corbio, Vitellia, Trebium, Labici and Pedum. Just before he is about to invade Rome, he is turned back by a plea from his mother. Later that year, the temple of Fortuna Muliebris is built, to comemerate the memories and actions of the women who stopped Coriolanus.

c.a. 490-480 BCE: Small Border Warfare between Ahhiywana and the Persian Empire, as severl rouge Tribes seap into the Ahhiywan Anatolian Provience causing distruption with the Ahhiywan native Populace. War is never declared an the skirmishes take place over the course of a Decade.

487 BCE: The army of the Hernici (Italic hill tribe) is defeated by the Romans.

485 BCE: King Darayavahush (Darius) I of Persia dies, he is succeeded by his son, who takes to the throne as Xshayarsha (Greek--Xerxes) I. Xsharyarsha unlike his Predescors is not an Ahhiywanaphile will spent the first few years of his reign planning an Invansion of the Kingdom of Ahhiywana.

482-474 BCE: Intermittent wars between Rome and the Etruscan city of Veii occur in this period.

480-477 BCE: The First Persian War, Ever since the Persian war of Devolution in the mid 6th century BCE, Neither country has been particuarly satisfied with the set border between the Two. Finally in 480, King Xshayarsha north from the city of Assur into Anatolia and cotinues to offically secede most of Asia minor by 479 BCE. King Alaksansdush III of Ahhiywana leads his Phalan north into Scythia and begins strategically laying siege to the Wealthy cities and mines of that Persian Satrap giving him more rescources to pull from his army.

In 478 BC, the Persians land a large force in Thrace, and march through Thrace and Macedon into northern Greece. The Ahhiywanan Central Military under the command of Xsthos of Iolkos(Xouthos)attempt a defense at the Pass of Thermopylae, where the Immortal Persian army are neutralized. However, the Persian heavy infantry is as good as anything the Ahhiywanan's have, there are a LOT more of them, and they are supported by a large force of archers, which the Ahhiywanan's lack. The Ahhiywan's are forced to abandon the pass. The Persians pursue, and manage to bring the Ahhiywans to battle again on an open plain near the city of Plataea. ThePersians then advance into Attica and lay siege to Athens. However, the Persians then suffer two major disasters. First, the Greek fleet led by King Alaksandush defeats that of the Persians near the island of Salamis, making resupply of the Persian army very problematic while opening up the supply route for the defenders of Myceane. And then in early 477 BCE, a plague breaks out which decimates the Persian force. King Xshayarsha pulls out of Greece with the Remanants of the Persian Army out of Greece and Anatolia. The Offical Boundary and the Thrity years of Peace Agrement is declared between the Two Powers with neither Ahhiywana or Persia gaining or loosing any Territories.

479-450 BCE: Re-buffed out of Iberia by the native Tartessians, The Minoans begin focuses on Africa, conquering most of what is now Tunisia. Colonies in North Africa founded or strengthened. Kyhan's expedition crosses the Sahara.

475 BCE: Pharoah Parakah III of the Puntite Empire dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Parakah IV.

c.a. 475 BCE: Beginning of the Period of the Warring States in China. Since 1122 BCE, the Emperors of the Chou (Zhou) Dynasty have maintained a loose hegemony over the various city-states which comprise China. But this has been weakening for some time, and several large and powerful states have arisen, including Chin (Qin), Chi (Qi), Chu, Yan, Han, Chao (Zhao), and Wei (Wu). All of these have recognized the legal hegemony of the Chou Emperor, while doing pretty much as they please. By 475 BCE, however, the last pretense is thrown off, and the authority of the Chou Emperor is confined to his own small and insignificant kingdom in central China. Over the next couple of centuries, the new states will war against each other, and the more powerful will gradually absorb the weak. In the end, there can be only one...

c.a. 472 BCE: King Tar-Posei VI over the Minoan Empire dies heirless, The Minoan Council unable to unanimously vote on the next Minoan King dissolves into pieces, begging of the Minoan Civil War.

472-462 BCE: The Minoan Civil War, After the Death of King Tar-Posei IV over the Minoan Empire several rival groups within the Minoan leauge begin to raise armies against one another. On Crete and faction led by Keimu of Knossos, raises an Strong Army and begins besiege the Minoan colonies along the coast of North Africa. Caphtis self proclaimed ruler of the Minoan Colonies in africa has an much wider Population bases and successfully is able to blockade the Minoan Isles in the Medeterranien. In Southern Italy, Orestron seeks the Aid from the Latin Leauge against Caphtis's forces who successfully are able to block them from entering the Interior of Italy. The War continues on for a decade exhausting Minoan Lives, rescources and money. Finally in Fall of 462 BCE, Caphtis reunties most of the Minoan Empire, and is recognized as King as the Minoan Empire. However in Caphtis himself is forced to give the islands of Sardina and Corsica to the Latin Leauge.

471 BCE: Second secession of the plebs in Rome. The plebeian assembly is made into a tribal affair, in that the tribes of Rome are asked to vote to pass plebiscites.

469 BCE: King Nimroksaush I over the kingdom of Thule dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Nimroksaush II.

467 BCE: King Alaksandush III of Ahhiywana dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Attarissiya V.

465-450 BCE: An period of Instability, as an great Famine strikes the Greater famlands of Ahhiywana strikes for an long period if Seven. Slaves are hard hit the most, and since the Kingdom of Ahhiywana is cut off from the rich wealth of the scythians fall into an Deep Depression lasting Fifteen years. Although an Strong Military-Minded king Attarissiya V believes in what OTL's society would call Lasiezz Faire Politics and does close to nothing to try bring his kingdom out of it's internal Strife.

c.a. 465 BCE: King Xshayarsha(Xerxes) of the Persian Empire dies, he is succeed by his son who takes to the throne as Artaxshassa I of the Persian Empire. Artaxashassa will continue the Post-War polocies of his father, and will begin focusing East into India where he will spend most of his reign waging war on the Tamil states in southern India. The Persians
encounter great difficulties in the mountainous, jungle-choked terrain. But by the end of the century, the entire Indian subcontinent will be under Persian control. Persian trading ships begin traveling to the city states of the Indonesian archipelago and, eventually, to the coastal cities of China, bringing back spices, silk, fine Chinese pottery and bronze work, and Persia is greatly enriched by these contacts.

c.a. 461 BCE: For almost the past, century the Kingdom of Alashiya had practicaly disolved back into an realm of City States. Pressures from the Puntite, Ahhiywanans, and Persian as well as Internal Strife has plunged the nation into an Deep Depression. Many Alashites flee to Illyria where there colony Greatly Expands during so. But finally in 461 BCE, Lukka of the Alashite Capital city of Alashiya is able to reunite Cyrprus and it's Colonies under his throne.

c.a. 455-400 BCE: For the good part of her exitstance the Iberian city of Tartessos has remained an Costal Power desperatly strong enought to stop the Minoans of making to much headaway into the Iberia. However around 455 BCE, Tartessian Colonists and Military begin pressing into the interior of the Iberian Pennisula and conquers all of the Celtiberians ,Phoenicians, and Minoan colonies under their rule by the end of the century.

451 BCE: King Attarissiya V of Ahhiywana is killed in an revolt in the city of Sardia in Anatolia. The Delian Council chooses his son Tawalagus to take to the throne.

451-421 BCE: Reign of King Tawalagus I over the Kingdom of Ahhiywana. Tawalagus is everything his father, the late King Attarissya V, was not...a strong and charismatic leader, and a gifted military commander. He quickly sets the Ahhiywanan house in order, quelling the simmering revolts which have been festering throughout the empire for the past five years. He also instutes an an massive Military Build Up plan to keep the Ahhiywan citzens of the streets and to give them jobs to bring the Kingdom out of it's Depression.

c.a. 450 BCE: At around this time, Imohotep of Memphis writes the first-ever non-theological history, and Seti of Thebes establishes the foundations of modern medicine.

c.a. 450 and Onward BCE: Minoan Expoloration of Africa...After the Crippling and Exhausting Minoan Civil War...Many of the Civiliazations merchants begin to intensify its efforts in Africa. Minoan ships reach the Gulf of Guinea and the River Niger is explored revealing a land rich in gold and ivory. The Leauge of Minos decides to monopolize this land and begin intensively colonizing and exploring the region. During one of the Exploratory, Minoan Colonists encounter the powerful Iron-smelting Nok Tribe in the Niger River Valley. The Colonists are intrigued an begin making trade relations between the Two, creating an strange Minoan/Nokite Culture in Africa in the succeeding Decades.

447-445 BCE: War Between Punt and Persia, In 457 BC, King Zadok of the Hebrews makes an alliance with Pharaoh Parakah IVof Punt, and declares the treaty between his kingdom and the Great King of Persia (who has been, for some time, more of an overlord than an ally, exacting annual tribute from the Hebrews) to be null and void. The Persians, being caught in the Indian Campaigns of their own, do not respond. But Zadok soon finds that he has made a poor choice of allies. In 445 BC, Pharaoh Parakah IV betrays his newfound ally, and the Puntite army invades the Hebrew Satrap. The Hebrew army is defeated near Gaza, and King Zadok is killed in the fighting. The Egyptians lay siege to Jerusalem, which falls the next year. The Hebrew Kingdom ceases to exist, and the territory is absorbed by Punt.

c.a. 438 BCE: The Parthenon is completed in Athens, Ahhiywana.

434 BCE: King Caphtis I of the Minoan Empire dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Caphtis II.

425 BCE: Minoan explorer Shesheinu travels from Knossos to Brittany.

424 BCE: King Artaxshassa I of the Persian Empire dies, and is succeeded by his son who take to the throne as Xshayarsha II. Xshayarsha II will be an weak Incomptent ruler, and will be the last Achamenied King of the Persian Empire.

423 BCE: The Samnites attack Capua. Capua, which is not a member of the Latin Leauge, calls on the League for assistance, which is given. The Samnites are severely defeated and driven back into the mountains. Nevertheless the Latins are impressed by Samnite fighting prowess, and they begin to bargain for an alliance with these hardy hillmen. Capua formally joins the Etruscan League.

421 BCE: King Tawalagus I of Ahhiywana dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Thyestes III. Thyestes is an very compotent ruler and is an exact carbon copy of his father.

420 BCE: The Latin League, in alliance with the Samnites, attacks Tauropolis(Cumae). The Minoans are decisively defeated and Tauropolis is captured and destroyed. The lands formerly held by Tauropolis are given to the Samnites as a reward for their service to the League.

419 BCE: The Latin League, in alliance with the Samnites, forces the surrender of the Minoan city of Sheshokia(Neapolis. All of Campania is now in the hands of the Latin/Samnite alliance.

417 BCE: King Lukka I of Alashiya dies, he is succeeded by his son who takes to the throne as Lukka II.

413-408 BCE: The Samnites in Campania break their alliance with the Latins and attack Capua again in an effort to take all of Campania for themselves. The Latin League decisively defeats them...so much so that the Samnites will be crippled for some time to come. The Samnites sign a new treaty of alliance with the latin League.

408-398 BCE: The Second Persian War,: At the urging of King Thyestes III and citing Persia’s recent piratical attacks against the Ahhiywanan Kingdom, the Delian council declares war on Persia. King Thyestes finds allies with Pharaoh Parakah IV of Punt and King Lukka II of Alashiya

It takes over a year to prepare the expedition, but the Ahhiywanan/Alashite force finally sets sail under the command of the Great King Thyestes himself in 406 BCE. The Alliance lands at Avaris, in the Nile Delta, in late 406 BC, link up with the Puntites, and begin to battle the Persian garrisons. The Persians put up surprisingly strong resistance, but still Thyestes urges to push on.

In late 404 BCE, King Xshayarsha II of Persia dies, and is succeeded by Artaxshassa II. Artaxshassa offers to make amends for his father’s treachery against Ahhiywana by paying 10,000 talents of gold, if the Allied Powers will return home and cease interfering in Persia’s internal affairs. Thyestes III takes this offer to the Council in Delos. There are many in the council who argue that honour has been satisfied, and that the expedition should
be withdrawn. Thyestes, however, argues that “10,000 talents is a mere
trifle to the Persian King. Persia is as rich as our Olive Groves...and now we must strike while it is ripe!” His argument is persuasive, and the Delian Council votes to reject the Persian offer.

In 403 BCE, with King Lukka II in command, the combined Alashite and Puntite armies move north into Palestine, while the Alashite and Egyptian fleets land a marine expeditionary force at Tyre. This marks the beginning of a campaign which will see the Allied forces brush aside one Persian army after another as they advance deeper into the Persian Empire. King Thyestes leads the Ahhiywanan military norht into the Scythian Provience where they go they liberate the subject peoples of the empire, many of them rallying to OTL Greek standard. Finally, in 400 BCE, a decisive battle is fought near the
ruins of Nineveh in northern Mesopotamia. King Artaxahassa II himself is killed in battle, and his army is shattered by the steady Ahhiywanan phalanx. The Persian Empire effectively collapses as uprisings against the local Persian satraps flare up throughout the empire. The Ahhiywanan army marches into Susa and then to Persepolis by the end of 399 BCE. The huge treasury of the Achaemenid Kings is captured at Susa, and the Allies plunder the opulent palaces of Persepolis. By the end of 398 BCE, the last remaining members of the Achaemenid royal house are captured and executed. The Persian Empire is no more

404 BCE: King Xshayarssha II of Persia dies, and is succeeded by Artaxerhassa II.

402 BCE: The Latin League renews it’s alliance with the Minoan Empire.

c. 400 BCE: Celtic tribes begin to cross the Alps and assail the Villanovan cities located north of the Po River. The cities north of the Po River are not formally members of the Latin League, and they quickly fall to the onslaught of these fierce tribesmen. Incursions south of the Po are beaten back by the military forces of the League, however.