Posting of Countries, & Colonies

[DuQuense]

Name
Rulers/Goverment
History/POD
Ecomonic Statics
Military Statics
Any speacil Technology, or Other Mention
desricption of Flag

[DuQuense]

Name: Swisserland
Ruler/Government: None
History: This is from my "Years with out Summer" Time Line. 1750's a series of Volcanos abort the 'Great Clearing' greenhouse effect. The world goes into a Ice Age.
Economic: A Few Survivors eke out a living as Fur traders/Hunters, of the Feral Animals which Have managed to survive in the Cold/Snow.
Military: About One Thousand Soldiers [Time of Isot] of the Swedish Empire, which uses the Alps Foothills as Training grounds.
Other: Most of the Country is covered by Deep Snow, which is fueling rapid Glacier Growth, and a Small Icecap.
Flag None:

[perdedor99]

French Italy
French Provinces
Capital: Rome
Languages: French and Italian
Government: Constitucional Monarchy under Napoleon IV(not Isoted) de facto leader after event Field Marshall Joseph Mirabeau, Comte de Rochembeau
Population :11 Millions

Kingdom of Italy
Capital: Milan
Languages: French and Italian
Government: Constitucional Monarchy under Napoleon IV(not isoted, also Emperor of France) de facto leader after event Prime Minister Angelo Gigliotti.
Population: 10 millions

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Capital: Naples
Languages: French and Italian
Government: Constitucional Monarchy under Joachim II, Prime Minister Lorenzo Mattei.
Population: 11 Millions

1810-1812

Czar Alexander withdraws from the Continental System. Napoleon launches limited invasion of Russia. After capture of Lithuania, forces move east and face the Russians in
Battle of Smolensk: French infantry forces battle upon the Russian army. Russian casualties’ heavy, but the Russians hold the field and forced the French to abandon the field and withdrew west.
Battle of Grodno: decisive encounter of the short campaign. Both forces exhausted and decimated on the battle but the French repulse the assault and counterattack, leading to the collapse of the Russian forces in the area. Alexander, negotiates with Napoleon.
Treaty of Borodino: Russia loses the Baltic States and a small part of the Ukraine that is united to Kingdom of Poland.

1813-1830
Napoleon completely dominates Europe. France and Britain continue their economic warfare. Napoleon encourages the growth of railroads and manufacturing throughout Europe to offset the loss of British goods.

1820
The Austrian Empire rises against Napoleon and is crushed in two months as Napoleon uses the new railroads to quickly bring overwhelming forces to bear. Austria is divided into Germanic and Hungarian kingdoms.

1828-1914
French African expansion. Began expansion in Western Africa with the conquest of Argelia and by 1914 they rule over pretty much OTL territories except for Tunisia. ruled by the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.


1830-1832
The death of Napoleon. Republican agitation rocks the Confederation of the Rhine. Nationalist upheavals begin rolling across the continent; beginning in Italy, defeated by combined Two Sicilies-French forces. The British Army lands in Portugal. Portugal and Spain rise against the French.

German Union proclaimed in Frankfurt. Prussia and Russia stayed neutrals. German Union crushed by French forces. France evacuates Portugal and Spain; Russia reclaims its lost provinces in the Ukraine but fails in their attempts to capture the Baltic States and Poland, who secure their independence.

1834
French protection assures continued existence of Egyptian government after their withdraw from Syria without major sanctions.

1835
Napoleon II dies without successors. Cousin Louis Napoleon ascends to the throne as Napoleon III.

1838
Napoleon III approves a constitution that makes France the most liberal monarchy in Europe. The Senate is for the 1st time given real power, and the National Assembly is more directly elected by universal manhood suffrage. Civil liberties are guaranteed. The voting age is 17. The Code Napoleon is enshrined in the Constitution itself.


1853-1854
Central European War
The Prussian and Russian nations attacks France, Poland, the Baltic kingdom and the Confederation of the Rhine after a year in which French troops brutally suppress nationalist agitation in the German Kingdom of Austria and the Confederation of the Rhine. Russian troops advance into the Poland and the Baltic States while German forces attacked the Confederation of the Rhine and the Kingdom of Austria in the face of fierce French resistance.
Major Developments:
Battle of Warsaw July 1853: Russian forces defeated Kingdom of Poland. Ending their 40 plus years existence.
Austrian Revolt September 1853: Austrian forces mutinied in mass and switch sides to the Prussian side. Advance of the combined Austrian- Prussian force stopped on the Alps.
Battle of Frankfort November, 1853: Combined Prussian-Russian forces defeat remaining French forces on the Confederation of the Rhine and force the French to withdrew to the Rhine river.
Siege of Hamburg December 1853 - February 1854: Last French forces in Germany surrender.
German Reich created May 1854: crown of a Unified Germany offered to the King of Prussia. Kaiser accepts crown and unifies Kingdom of Austria as an associated Kingdom of the Reich. Kaiser forced to accept a Constitutional Monarchy.
Netherlands revolts May 1854: Declare their independence, ousting the skeletal French garrisons left behind. French stabilize borders on the Rhine.
Bavarian- German Conflict July -August 1854: Combined German forces defeat the only French ally left in Germany, the Bavarian Kingdom, and forced it to join the Reich.
The French, Russian and German governments negotiate peace. Peace of Brussels September 1854: France new borders were the left bank of the Rhine and northern Italy, with the exception of Dalmatian coast. The new German Reich rules from the Rhine all the way to the Russian Empire with the former Kingdom of Austria included. Russia annexed the Kingdom of Poland and the Baltic States.

1860
King Michael of The Two Sicilies, only son of Joachim Murat founder of the Dynasty, dies. His son Joachim ascend to the throne as King Joachim II.

1870
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies purchases Tunisia from the Ottomans.

1873
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies purchases Libya from the Ottomans as well, which turns The Two Sicilies into a colonial power.

1878-79
Bosnia and Herzegovina rose up and revolted against the high Ottoman taxes. The Serbs seeing that Bosnia and Herzegovina had risen up joined the revolt and help the horribly oppressed Bulgars rise up also. The Turks hoping to put a quick end to these rebellions come in to make an example of the Bulgars to everyone else and crush them mercilessly.

1881-1882
Balkan War
Alexander II declared war on the Ottoman’s in 1881. This would be known as the Balkan War. Alexander II deployed 1,200,000 troops against the Turks, in the campaign in the Caucasus.
Russian army also invaded the Ottoman province of Rumania on their attempt to capture Constantinople. The Hungarian Kingdom joined the war on the Russian side to expand their territories. France and Egypt joined the war in late 1881 to ensure the survival of the Ottoman Empire.
Major Developments:
Battle of Bucharest June 1881: Russian forces forced Ottoman to withdraw to the other side of the Danube.
Battle of Plevna August 1881: Ottoman forces routed from Plevna. Road to Constantinople is open to Russian forces.
Battle of Sarajevo September 1881: Hungarian forces defeat Ottoman garrison on Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Battle of Kars September 1881: Victory ensured Russian annexation of Ottoman Armenia.
Battle of Novi Sad October 1881: Hungarian army takes the field but first appearance of French forces in the Balkans. Hungarians stop their military operations for the remainder of the war and dig in.
Battle of Adrianople December-January 1881-82: Combined French-Ottoman forces defeat Russian forces. Forces dig in for the winter.
Battle of Varna April 1882: Combined French-Ottoman-Egyptian fleet defeats the Russian Black Sea Fleet and ensures their domain of the Black Sea for the rest of the war.
Bulgarian campaign April-May 1882: French-Ottoman-Egyptian counteroffensive recaptures Bulgaria and forces Russia to the negotiation table.
Peace of Athens July 1882: Russia gained Armenia and Rumania. the Hungarian Kingdom expanded their borders by the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina and the Ottoman Serbian territories. Ottoman Empire survived thanks to French intervention but was turned into a junior partner of the newly created French-Egyptian Entente.


1883-1914

By the end of the century, Europe is effectively in total control of Asia and Africa. Peace has reigned in Europe the last 32 years. Europe itself is divided into three alliance systems and one nation by itself: The Egyptian-French Entente, which includes the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Ottoman Empire as juniors partners, the Central Powers: a defensive alliance between the German Reich, Netherlands and the Scandinavian nations, the reactionary Holy Alliance between Russia and the Hungarian Empire, and the British Empire. The Entente's aim is colonial cooperation and maintaining stability in the Mediterranean. The Central Powers each have minor or major territorial claims against France or have themselves been the target of French claims in the past. The Holy Alliance focuses on ousting the Ottomans and limiting the spread of republican and socialist influence in Eastern Europe. The British have been on a Cold War with the French for close to a hundred years but they have been shut out of Continental affairs during that period except for their liberation of the Iberian Peninsula during the 1830‘s. They annexed OTL French territories of Madagascar and the Indochina.

[perdedor99]

French V Army (in French Italy)
77th Infantry Division
Regiment 156th Infantry
Regiment 157th Infantry
Regiment 158th Infantry
Regiment 159th Regiment

4th Infantry Division
Regiment Austerlitz
Regiment Grodno
Regiment Eylau
Regiment Jena

11th Infantry Division
Regiment Lodi
Regiment Rivoli
Regiment Castiglione
Regiment Arcole

3rd Colonial Infantry Division
Regiment Oran
Regiment Argel
Regiment Constantine
Regiment Batna

8th Chasseurs Brigade
Regiment 28th Chasseurs
Regiment 26th Chasseurs

French XIV Corps ( in Kingdom of Italy)
2nd Light Infantry Division
5th to 8th Light Infantry Regiments

3rd Light Infantry Division
9th to 12th Light Infantry Regiments

French XV Corps( in Dalmatia)
Dalmatian Division
1st to 4th Dalmatian Rifles Regiments

70th Infantry Division
Regiment 144th Infantry
Regiment 145th Infantry
Regiment 146th Infantry
Regiment 147th Infantry

French Navy in Italy
The Napoleon I Dreadnaught on Genova: 22,200t, 20 knots, 12-12 inch/22-5.4 inch, c 1,100 crew, 1912
4 Carnot class semi dreadnaughts on Zara (Carnot, Courbet, Massena, Kebler): 18,300t, 19 knots, 4-12 inch/12-9.4 inch/16-2.9 inch, c 900 crew, 1909
4 Artois class pre dreadnaughts on Zara (Artois, Bretagne, Provence, Alsace): c12,000t, c17 knots, 2-12 inch/2-10.8 inch/8-5.4 inch, c 650 crew, 1894-96
4 Cavalier class destroyers on Genova: (Cavalier, Chasseur, Fantassin, Carabinier): 450t, 28 knots, 6-2.5 inch/3-15 inch tt, 78 crew, 1907-1908
4 Rapiere class destroyers on Zara: ( Rapiere, Epee, Pique, Pertuisane): 305t, 1-2.5 inch/6-1.8 inch/2-15 inch tt, 52 crew, 1901-02

[perdedor99]

Kingdom of Italy Army (Napoleon IV also King of Italy)

Royal Guard division:
Grenadiers Regiment
Velites Regiment
Carabineer Regiment
Royal Marines Regiment

Royal Guard Cavalry brigade:
Guards Regiment
Chasseurs regiment

1st Infantry division
1st to 4th Infantry regiments

2nd Infantry division
5th to 8th Infantry regiments
Milan Guard

Venice guard regiment

Light Infantry Division
1st to 4th Light infantry regiments

Istrian Brigade
1st Istrian regiment
2nd Istrian regiment
Bersaglieri regiment

1st Cavalry brigade
1st Regina Dragoons
2nd Napoleone Dragoons

2nd Cavalry Brigade
1st Real Italiano Chasseurs
2nd Principe Real Chasseurs

3rd Cavalry Brigade
1st Lanceros Regiment
2nd Lanceros Regiment

Kingdom of Italy Navy
4 armored cruisers (the Milan, the Venice, the Bolonia, the Brescia) c4,800t, 18 knots, 2-7.5 Inch/6-5.4 inch, 390 crew, 1894/96

12 Condotierri Class destroyers ( 300t, 26 knots, 1-2.5 inch/6-1.8 inch/2-15 inch tt, 52 crew, 1897-98)

[Condottiero]

Name:
Iberic Union
(ISOTed: Iberian peninsula, Morocco, Sahara, Angola, Mozambique)
(Non ISOTed: Algeria, Tunisia, Mali, Senegal, Nigeria, Iberic Brazil, Indonesia, Philippines, N. Australia)

Rulers/Goverment:
Republic
President: Eduardo Ramirez de Ocampo
Prime Minister: Francisco Marcos Peña
Foreign Minister: Joao Cavaco Mourinho
War Minister: Gen. Diego de Quiñones del Real

History/POD:

In 1498 the Infant Miguel was born. He was the first son of Isabel de Trastamara, heir to the throne of Aragon and Castile, and Manuel "the fortunate" king of Portugal, the mother died a few days after giving birth. In OTL Infant Miguel died in Granada in 1500 after having been accepted as heir to the crowns of Castile, Portugal and Aragon.

In 1517 Miguel I is crowned as Rex Hispaniorum (Castile, Aragon, Portugal, Navarre and Sicily). From the beginning he shows a policy strongly oriented to the new discoveries and increasing the trade with the Americas, Africa and Asia. Following Cardinal Cisneros' policy he secures the North of Africa annexing Morocco, Alger, Oran and Tunis.

When the Imperial throne is left vacant: François I of France, Charles of Habsburg and Frederick of Saxony are the main candidates for occupying it. The King of France has the support of the Pope and buys the support of the Hispanic King by giving up all his claims over Naples and helping Miguel in the conquest of Northern Africa.

In 1532 the kings of France and Hispania lead the Crusade against the Turks that ends the siege of Vienna and liberates Hungary. Only five years later the second One Hundred Years War starts as the Lutheran princes lead by Frederick of Saxony and Charles of Habsburg rebel against the French Emperor. The war ends in 1632 with the partition of the Empire: the Holy Franco-Roman Empire (comprising France, Flanders, Rhineland, Central Germany and Savoy); the Empire of Austria (Austria, Bavary, Bohemia and Hungary); the United Provinces (Holland, Zealand, Bremen and Saxony) and the Evangelical Union (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Pomerania and Brandenburg).

During the war England tries to attack the Hispanic commercial lines, but the answer of the Hispanic fleet is terrible, sacking all the southern English ports.

The undisputed dominion of the seas by Hispania ends in 1641 when the Dutch manage to control the Cape colony and with the help of the Indian Moguls control trade with India and settle in Brazil. Scottish and Swedish (Evangelical Union) colonies appear in North America. While the English create some settlements in the Guinea Gulf.

The twelve years war starts in 1645 in which Austria and Hispania ally against the Ottomans and the Evangelical Union. The war is a draw, however Austria gets Serbia, Hispania some Islands in the Adriatic, the Ottoman Empire recover some lands in Tunis and the Evangelical Union takes the Hispanic colony of Madagascar.

In 1649 the Republic of Sale is created in the South of Morocco by some English and Dutch privateers. It will disrupt the Hispanic trade requiring a renewal of the Hispanic fleet.

The United Provinces ally in 1702 with England against Hispania in a naval war for Oceanic control. The Holy Franco-Roman Empire supports decisively Hispania. The United Provinces lose Cape Colony and Madagascar to the Holy French Empire and Brazil to Hispania. England loses Ireland that becomes independent and Calais and the Channel Islands to the French.

The English Revolution takes place in 1772, king Charles IV is beheaded in the Tower of London. The English Republic is proclaimed. The Viceroyalty of La Plata rebels in 1787 following the ideals of the English revolution. After a nine years war Hispania concedes the independence to the Republic of La Plata (comprising OTL Northern Argentina and Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay and the South of Brazil).

The Revolution spreads to the Evangelical Union in 1799. The Holy French Empire, Austria, United Provinces, Poland and Hispania create the Holy League that sends an army to Scandinavia to put an end to the revolution and to save King Gustav III. The allied force is defeated in Gothenburg. Revolutionary Anglo Swedish forces invade the United Provinces and Poland led by a young English general: Arthur Wellesley. Wellesley's army invades Germany, Austria and France. The Hispanic army is busy fighting in La Plata, but is forced to come back to the peninsula as the Anglo Swedish forces with an allied French corps cross the Pyrenees in 1811. King Diego IV and the rest of the Royal Family flee to Mexico in May; however the Anglo Swedish army is defeated first in Salamanca (1812) and then utterly destroyed in Soria (1813) in November. Wellesley barely manages to escape the peninsula. He returns to Germany where a polish army is attacking his bases there. Finally he is defeated and killed in the Battle of Brandenburg.

The Hispanic parliament (resentful for the abandonment of their king)) approves a Constitution that limits the power of the King in 1814.

In 1815 the Congress of Rome takes place and a new map of the world is "drawn". The partition of England takes place (between Scotland, Ireland, France and the United Provinces), while the King of Sweden is restored but the Evangelical Union is dissolved: Denmark (including Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Greenland and the North American Territories) secedes from Sweden (that keeps Finland, the Baltic nations and Swedish Germany).

In Hispania the King's return until the vows the Constitution approved in his absence. The King refuses and decides to stay in Mexico where he is crowned Emperor of Mexico (OTL Mexico, south of USA, meso-America and Hispanic Caribbean), his younger son, Alfonso, will become king of Perú (OTL Perú, Bolivia, Ecuador, and part of Brazil); and his second son king of Colombia (Colombia, Venezuela and the Guyanas). Hispanic government, which is now a Republic (the Iberic Union), only controls Brazil (in fact the East of OTL Brazil) in the new world. However it controls vast territories in Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Madagascar and all the NW) and in Asia (Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia and Indo-China).

By 1860 the Iberic Union is again the most powerful nation, with a strong industry and controlling half the trade in the world (even with the new American kingdoms), however there is a competitor. French Empire not only has recovered from the destruction of the Welleslian wars, but feels that it is in a situation to defy the Iberic Union. The Triple Alliance is signed between the Empire of France, Austria and the United Provinces. The French diplomacy forces a conflict in Italy where they try the annexation of the Papal States. The Iberic Union faces a global war against the Triple Alliance. The American kingdoms show cold (if not hostile) neutrality. After three years of war, the Iberic Union barely manages to restore the initial situation. Nothing changes but the four nations are exhausted: the Ottoman Empire, Russia and Poland decide to take advantage.

In 1868 the Iberic Union starts a program or renovation of the armed forces and, specially, the fleet. Five years later the Iberic Union involves in the Greek liberation war against the Ottomans. In the battle of Naxos, the heavy cruiser "Viriato" sinks five ottoman cruisers and one monitor.

The program includes building shipyards and docking facilities, heavily fortified, in Angola and Philippines. The colonies are industrialized and thousands of settlers are sent there.

In 1899 the French Empire, Austria and the Ottoman Empire renew Triple Alliance, but this time the Iberic Union also moves and manages to create the Lisbon Pact between the Iberic Union, Sweden, Republic of La Plata, Mexican Empire and Greece. Both sides fear entering in a global confrontation such as the '68 War and start a low-grade war in the African and Asian colonies providing weapons to rebel groups and favouring piracy and privateers (the Republic of Sale returns to its piratical origins hired by both sides). This low-grade war favours the economy of the nations of both pacts: there are Iberic companies that sell their products to the Triple Alliance under Mexican third party companies.

However by 1914 both sides decide to meet in Dublin to sign a Peace Treaty for this undeclared war...


Economic Statics:
It is one of the two Superpowers of its TL. However it has lost most of its territory. It could be compared with OTL Great Britain (not the British Empire) in 1910.

Military Statistics:
To be detailed.
Some 500000 men with a powerful artillery.
The fleet was the most powerful of its TL, unfortunately most of it has not been ISOTed:
Mediterranean fleet based in Cartagena (two small dreadnoughts OTL "España" Class of 1912 + three OTL "GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI" class cruisers of 1896 + one OTL "Carlos V" Class Cruiser of 1895 + five OTL "FUROR" class destroyers of 1896 + five "Bustamante" class destroyers of 1898 + four OTL "U-9" submarines of 1910 + ten OTL "T class" torpedo ships of 1910)
Strait fleet based in Algeciras (two small dreadnoughts OTL "España" Class of 1912 + two OTL "GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI" class cruisers of 1896 + two OTL "Carlos V" Class Cruiser of 1895 + six OTL "FUROR" class destroyers of 1896 + one "Bustamante" class destroyers of 1898 + five OTL "U-9" submarines of 1910 + twelve OTL "T class" torpedo ships of 1910)

Atlantic fleet based in El Ferrol (three small dreadnoughts OTL "España" Class of 1912 + four OTL "GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI" class cruisers of 1896 + two OTL "Carlos V" Class Cruiser of 1895 + six OTL "FUROR" class destroyers of 1896 + four "Bustamante" class destroyers of 1898 + three OTL "U-9" submarines of 1910 + ten OTL "T class" torpedo ships of 1910)

South African fleet based in Lobito base in Angola (one small dreadnoughts OTL "España" Class of 1912 + two OTL "GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI" class cruisers of 1896 + two OTL "Carlos V" Class Cruiser of 1895 + one OTL "FUROR" class destroyers of 1896 + six "Bustamante" class destroyers of 1898 + twenty OTL "T class" torpedo ships of 1910)

In production:
one battleship (OTL "Queen Elizabeth" class of 1912, to be handed in el Ferrol in the first half of 1915)
two cruisers (OTL "Reina Victoria Eugenia" class of 1914, to be handed in Lobito in the first half of 1915)
four destroyers (OTL "Bustamante" class, to be handed in Cartagena by the end of 1914)
five submarines (OTL "U-9" class, to be handed in Cartagen in the first half of 1915)


Any speacil Technology, or Other Mention
One experimental airforce of ten bombers (the most powerful in TTL)
Several armored trains with 305 mm guns.

desricption of Flag

[Condottiero]

Name
Republic of Great Colombia

Rulers/Goverment
President Gen. Lucio Marquez e Idigoras
Prime Minister Don Ramiro de la Vega y Mendoza de Vargas
War Minister Gen. Anselmo Orozco y Pérez de Blas
Foreign Minister Admiral Julian O'Connor Ansurez

History/POD

POD 1825: Simon Bolivar manages to deal with nationalistic problems in Venezuela and Ecuador. The Union of the Great Colombia is saved.

1846 President José Tadeo Monagas sends an army to support Mexican forces against the US. The Colombian army proves to be decisive in the Mexican victory, North American forces must retreat.

1855 Rebellion of Gen. Carlos Castelli in Caracas. He is defeated after a civil war of two years.

1862 The Republic of Great Colombia supports the USA in the North American Civil War. A small army is sent to Texas. President Antonio Leocadio Guzmán proclaims his neutrality in the Mexican conflict with anglo-franco-spanish forces.

1880-1902 The French build a channel in Panama. Colombia keeps the property but must hire it to France for one hundred years for one franc.

1898 Hispano-American war.

1905 US forces support secessionist rebels in Panama. French forces are involved in the war against the north American army.

1912 Colombian navy bombs Cuban ports.

1913 Treaty of Managua. US forces retreat from Panama. France gets some US possessions in the Pacific.


Ecomonic Statics
Similar to Brasil in 1910 in OTL

Military Statics
200000 men strong Army
Navy
2 Old russian dreadnoughs (Cesarevich class 1901)
12 Cruisers (Cristobal Colon class)
20 destroyers (Furor class)

Any speacil Technology, or Other Mention

desricption of Flag

[General_Paul]

Name: United States of America

Rulers/Goverment: President Wodrow Wilson, elected to first term in 1912. Bicameral legislature, composed of a House of Representatives, and the Senate. The Supreme court is there to handle matters partaining to the Constitution.

History/POD: USA is OTL, I am not going to write out a history on the USA, besides, you can look that up for yourselves, you know all the important dates, as do I!

Ecomonic Statics: USA has industrialized much of the East coast, industry has sprung up across much of the Nation. The beginnings of an economic superpower have been put in place.

Military Statistics: Same as OTL. War with spanish in 1899 has left the USA with many new colonial outposts all over the world, although none of them came with the USA, not even the hawaiian islands.

Any speacil Technology, or Other Mention: The great white fleet, largest fleet in the WORLD at the time of the ISOT.

Desricption of Flag: Red and White stripes, next to a field of Blue, with white stars, each representing a state in the United States of America.

[DuQuense]

Name: Hesperia Empire

Ruler: Caesar -Julius Anthony Augustus, / With a four house unicamberal Senate. For advisment.

Flag: White with a Golden Imperial Eagle in Center, above SPQR.
Population; 120 million

Military: This world Hesperia being the first of the Great powers. As Such Hesperia's Navy is close to OTLs Great Britain with 19 modern dreadnoughts, 31 battleships (pre-dreadnought design), 15 battle cruisers, 20 town cruisers, 15 scout cruisers, 200 destroyers and 150 frigates ,with hundreds of other ships down to, Subs, Yachts & Tugs. Unlike Britain, Hesperia, has a large standing army of over 2 million men. There is also a Small Modern Air Force, of 80.000 Men, & 1200 planes. There have been some experiments with landing planes on flat top ships, but most interest is in floating planes.

History: This is from my Hesperia TL, Were a Small Group of Shipwrecked Roma-Greek Merchants establish a Roman Colony in OTL Senegal, 50 BC. over the next 400 years they expand, and after the Collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5 century, continue to take over all southern Africa, along with a colony in Braxile. In 2004, Hesperia was the Super power of it's time line though, Vinland, China, Byzanitina, the Anglo Frank ,& the HRE come close.

Technology: This World is about in the Early teens OTL, except due to Hesperia being in the Jungles of Africa, & Braxile, the Phauricutical [Medical] Science in actually in advance of OTL.

Economy: Hesperia is the Manufacturing centre of a world wide Empire [like OTL GB] The country [size of OTL Argentina] is more self sufficient in resources, but still depends on some products it can't obtain Locally like Chrome, there are several Rubber Plantations, producing about, half Hesperia' needs. There is a extensive Nation wide RR System. And the Country is in the process of Rural Electrication, and Telefono installation. The Country is construsting Dams to expand Electric production.

[Condottiero]

In which year is it running? 2004? I suppose is 1914...

Anyway 1200 planes? It is really a Superpower. :(

[DuQuense]

Name: Anglovin Empire
Ruler: King William, House Plantagenet. King of England, France, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, North & South Braxile, New England, & New France, Holy Roman Emperor, & Defender of the Faith.
Flag: OTLs Snow White Flag with the Plantagenet Coat of Arms, in the center. The English Lion on the Rite, and The French Lilies on the left.

Military: TTL is about 20 years behind OTL, But is state of the Art in it's TL, It has a Large Army Unfornitally most of it was in France, It has a Fairly large sized Navy. Equal to OTL 1901 Great Britain. It has no Aircraft Carriers, as Aerocraft are still at the Wright/Langley stage*. Thru there are some experimental Airships. At the time of the ISOT there was concern over the Polish Empire Starting another War. Therefore the Anglo-Frank Imperial North Sea Fleet was on alert.

History: In 1199 At the Age of 41, While besieging the castle at Chalus in France, King Richard the Lion Heart, was shot by an arrow in the Shoulder, and nearly died. [OTL He did] It was while Richard was recovering, That He Realized some of the Problems his near Death had Caused. Upon recovery Richard, spent the next 30 years, forming a single Nation out of his English, & French Possessions.

By the early 1500's the Anglo-Frank Empire reached from Ireland & Wales to the Rhine in the North, & the Pyrenees and Genoa in the South. To the East the Rising Polish/Lithuanian Empire had Conquered, the Ukraine, Hungary, Latvia, & Estonia. The A/F turned to Sweden as a Ally. And in 1547 The Crown Princess Kristina Married William Plantagenet, the Younger Brother of the A/F Emperor. In 1572 Richard Plantagenet, Son of Kristina & William Became King of Sweden. Thus the Swedish Kings are a cadet branch of the Imperial Family.

In 1580 a A/F Ship discovered the Western Continents [North & South Braxile] Realizing that this was a plentiful of Land the Empire Stopped expanding in Europe. The Polish Empire expanded south till it hit the Byzantine Empire, and East till the Moscowite Princes united to stop it. The German & Italian Princedom's & Duchies, play the two empires off, and maintain their independence.

Technology: Due to this World being dominated by large empires Technology advance is slower than OTL. Being about 20 years back . This means Pre Dreadnoughts for the Navy, hand cranked Gatling's for the Army, and Steam-Sailers for the Merchant Marine.

Economy: This TL had it's Industrial revolution in the early 1800's, It was more worldwide even, allowing more development. This Britain is as Industrialized as OTL's 1914, But the Equipment is 20 years back.

Military, [ ISOTed] Navy--8 modern dreadnoughts, 39 battleships (pre-dreadnought design), 8 battle cruisers, 16 Heavy cruisers, 15 lite cruisers, 220 destroyers and 170 Corvettes. Army, about 300.000 men, 280 Infantry/artillery- 20 Flying Corps. [experimental]

* OTL the US navy had one at the start of WW1, The one Langley was using for his experiments, A ship that was remodeled for this, instead of being junked.

[General_Paul]

BTW, the USS Langley was not turned from a collier into the first aircraft carrier untill 1919! It was a joint expirament with the USA and the UK.

[Condottiero]

Demographics:
Iberic union Territory:
Iberian Peninsula*, Mauritania Tingitana* (N. Morocco*, Algerian Coast and Tunisian coast), Macaronesian Islands, Balearics, Sicily, Sardinia, Naples, and Malta.
* ISOTed Population: 30 millions (Iberian 95%, 3% berbers, 2% others)
Main cities: Seville (2,5 million), Lisbon (1 million, Capital), Valencia (0,5 million), Ceuta (0,4 million)
Production in ISOTed areas: Heavy Industry, Chemicals, Machinery, Trains, Ships; Coal, steel, quicksilver, wolfram, copper, phosphates, silver; grains, fruits, wine, olive, fisheries.

North Africa Colony:
Mauritania*, Sahara*, Mali, Senegal, Nigeria, Chad and Inner Sahara.
* ISOTed Population 9 million (arabs 55%, berbers, 30%, Iberian 5%, other 10%)
Production in ISOTed areas: Phosphates, copper, silver; livestock, grain, fisheries.

Brazil Colony

South Africa Colony
Angola*, Mozambique*, Madagascar
ISOTed Population Angola: 12 millions (Ovimbundu 35%, Kimbundu 25%, Iberian 25%, Bakongo 5%, other 10%); Mozambique: 8 millions (Makua 30%, Sena 15%, Ndau 12%, Tsonga 12%, Iberian 25%, Other 6%)
Production:
Angola: some heavy industry, shipyards; petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, steel, copper, gold, bauxite; rubber, grain, livestock.
Mozambique: Coal, titanium ore, iron ore; corn, cotton, sugar, tea, tobacco.

Asian Colonies
Formosa, Philippines, East Indies, N. Australia.


*ISOTed areas

[Condottiero]

Why are all the armies and navies fully ISOTed?

:confused:

[Imajin]

The Kingdom of the Netherlands and The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Capital: The Hague (States General, Courts), Luxembourg City (Luxembourg Government, Royalty)
Government: Constitutional Monarchy
Monarch: Queen Charlotte II, of the house of Habsburg-Luxembourg
Economic Development: Heavily industrialized in the north. There is farming, but overall most are employed in the production of Goods.
Military Developemnt: To come later.
Flag: Orange-White-Red Tricolor, Red-White-Light Blue in Luxembourg, which is independent but almost always follows the lead of the Netherlands.

Colonies:

Netherland East India
Capital: Batavia
Government: Colonial Council consisting of two houses: The House of Governors, consisting of 50 members, appointed by the Dutch administrators, and the Representative House, consisting of 150 members elected from the various Provinces. There are some princely states in Dutch India.
Territory: Southeast India, Indonesia*, Ceylon
*ISOTed
Economic Development: Exploitations of natural resources (mining), Agriculture, Rubber, some Industry.
Military Develpoment: To come
Flag: Red flag with the Dutch Tricolor in the corner

Netherland Central Africa
Capital: Belgium (OTL's Kinshasa)
Government: The colonies have their own House of Governors, but no equivalent to the Representative House.
Economic Development: The colony is mainly agricultural, and there has been little attempt at industrialization. A disastrous effort at rubber cultivation ended in 1900.
Military Development: To come
Flag: Blue flag with a Dutch Tricolor in the corner.

History:
In this world, the Netherlands ended up in the hands of Austria when the Habsburgs split. The Netherlands were allowed to go Protestant, and a Habsburg prince was sent to govern them. At this time, the Netherland East India Company was formed, and soon ended up in a war over India with the English. Eventually, the Dutch ended up with a large chunk in the southeast, but the rest was English. It also attempted to colonize the Cape, but control was lost to Britain very soon. The Dutch East India company later would lose it's control in the Indonesia and India regions to rebellion, after which the current system was instituted.
In Europe, the French Revolution began similair to OTL. Louis-Phillipe Lafayette, a Napoleon figure, made himself Emperor of France in 1800, and invaded the Austrian Netherlands. They were annexed by 1801, however, the Dutch refused to surrender. A Austria-Prussian-British coalition finally forced Louis-Phillipe to surrender most of his conquered territory, however, his support in France was too strong to unseat him. The Congress of Brandenburg set up the post-war situation, recreating the HRE, and dividing French North America among the powers. The Netherlands were rewarded for their anti-Lafayette efforts with independece. After independence, a group called the Dutch Congo Company was formed by a group of entrepenurs, who were convinced wealth lay in the Congo. Their efforts resulted in the claiming of a vast region for the Netherlands when Africa was divied up among the powers. Netherland Central Africa has been a successful monetary colony, but its lack of revolt resulted in the lack of any notable self-government.
The Congress of Brandenburg had made peace for 100 years, but in 1912, tensions reached their height. Serbia Province of Austria rebelled, supported by Russia. Austria demanded an ultimatum to Russia, with the support of Germany. Russia refused, supported by France. Britain stayed neutral, as the the Netherlands. However, the French Imperial army invaded the Netherlands in hopes of invading Germany. The war ended in December 1913, with the armies of Europe exhausted, and France, Russia, and barely-indepedent Serbia forced to surrender.

[Ward]

Republic of France
Prime Minister : Ren'e Viviani

History of France Same as are time line up to 1905 when the Great War Started it lasted to 1910 . The military of France is burned out after raising 8,647,362 men of which just under 60% were Killed or wounded .
The Great War ended with the German Surrender and the collaspe of Austrial -Hungray , Russian ,and the Ottomian Empires .
France has the Industral strength that it had in 1920 of are time line .
France is building a fortified line runing from the sea to Switzerland .

France Tec is that of 1917 .

The French Army has in France 10 inf Divs , 3 Mountian Divs , 14 fort Divs ,
2 Armord Divs ( useing French tanks of WWI ) and 6 Cav Divs.

The French Air Army has 1,100 aircraft.

The colonies are French North Africa , French Indo China, And the French Pacific Islands .

[DuQuense]

Anyway 1200 planes? It is really a Superpower.

There is no one kind of plane here. If You have ever seem the "Wacky Men in Their Flying Machines" Movie. You get a idea of the Variety here. From Wright stlye Wing Warpers to triple Rudders, to Carnards, to pushers v pullers. Lots of Officers in the Air Corps are wealthy, and are flying their own Machines. The Competition will eventually come down to one or two of the best designs.

[DuQuense]

Why are all the armies and navies fully ISOTed?

My England Lost the bulk of the Imperial forces [Army] that were along the Franco/Itailian/Germanic Borders, as well as the french part of the mederterian and North sea based fleets.

If your colonies came with, you only lose those forces that where in transit.

Hesperia' lost all its colonies in South Africa, and south Braxile.

[WngMasterD]

Confederation of Mediterranean Islands
Capitol: Malta

Population: Eight million

Government: Confederation of seven island republics, all of which are democracies
Constituent nations: Crete, Greece, Malta, The Balearic Islands, The Canary Islands, The Azores, and the Aegean Sea Islands
Executive Branch: The Provost General: William Norris. The Provosts Council: 11 members (The Governors of the 7 nations, the speakers of the three houses, and the chief justice)
Legislative Branch: The National Diet (tricameral): The National Assembly (800 delegates representing the people), The Merchants Assembly (375 delegates representing various industries and institutions), and the Confederation Assembly (25 delegates, three from each nation, two from the CMI military, and two from the CMI technocracy)
Judicial Branch: The Judicial Assembly; 15 members (two from each nation, one appointed by the Provost General)

Economy: Limited agriculture and manufacturing, about enough to keep the nations sustained. Fishing. Merchant Marine Services dominate the economy, as well as other shipping needs. Also has a large mercenary industry.

Defense: Army: 7,000 men organized into 7 divisions. Naval Guard: 15,000 men (10,000 contracted, 5,000 commissioned) organized into three fleets (45 ships total, 15 1st class ships and 30 2nd class ships). The nations may have militias, latest estimates say that they number as many as 2,500 per nation.

Mercenary: Naval Security Forces: 150,000 men (an estimated 400 ships. 75 '1st class' ships, 125 '2nd class' ships, and 200 '3rd class' ships)

History: The Minoans had built a large trading empire stretching from Cyprus to Spain, and it was rumored even farther beyond. By 1000 BC the Minoan empire had conquered these islands in the Mediterranean, as well as what we know as Greece, along with some other mainland areas. In 10 BC, islands of the Minoan culture were falling to a new enemy, Rome. The Minoan Government (a monarch democracy inspired by the Athenians) felt the heat, and knew it was about to fall. In the spirit of survival, a secret society was formed among the Merchant sailors, bureaucrats, and Businessmen. In 50 AD, Crete had fallen.
For the next 500 years, Rome ruled over Europe, however the Minoans still persisted under ground. Over time, the various branches of Minoa drifted from one another, as they had little contact with each other. In the 1300's various Merchant Silos began to make contact with one another and the Minoan 'Sailor Rite' was reunited. These Minoans, over time, gained political power. Finally in 1575, Crete revolted against Greek rule, and became sovereign. They established the 'Merchants' Assembly and invited all of the Minoan Merchant to come.
The New Crete started the 'Wars for Mediterranean supremacy' in 1790. The Cretes managed to take back Malta, the Balearics, and the Canaries. They also found the Azores undisturbed. They allowed these nations to run autonomously, keeping a close eye on anyone who threatened them. In 1850 The Greeks gave up the Aegean islands in a treaty with the Cretes. In 1875, Greece fell under new leadership that was lead by a Minoan.
1890 saw the founding of the CMI.

Other: There is still the 'Order of Minoa' running, although some of its leaders argue that it is no longer needed

Flag http://www.fotw.net/images/e/es!ic-ri.gif

[Matt]

The German Reich
Capital: Berlin
Population: 107,950,000
Government: Consitutional Monarchy, with a Reichstag the Kaiser listens to more often then not.
Head of State: Kaiser Johann I, Emperor of Germany, King of Prussia and Austria
Territory: OTL Germany, Denmark, Austria, Czechslovakia and Poland all ISOT German overseas possiesions per OTL ISOT, Alsiance-Lorraine, Luxembourg, all annexed, but not ISOT
Economic Devolpment: The Reich is one of the most heavily industrialized nations on earth prior to the ISOT. Vast natural resourses of all varietys, and limited Oil resources from Austrian lands. The Deutschemark is strong, pending ecomic panic with the ISOT, and there is a growing middle class.
Military Devolpment: miltech is approx. the equivilant of OTL 1920, as the result of the Franco-German War of 1905.

900,000 under arms in the active Imperial German Army, with several million ready to call up reserves. 4000 of design similar to the Renault FT17 light tank. Advance Artillerly weapons of various sizes, forces concentrated primarily in Poland.

The German Imperial Fleet is not the HSF of OTL. It is modern, but consideribly smaller, never built up to rival Britain. In is made up of 4 dreadnought battleships, 13 pre-dreadnoughts, 20 cruisers, 80 destroyers, and 2 aircraft carriers.

The Imperial Air Service is a rapidly growing force, drawing on experance and docturine growth from the Frano-German War. A modern force of approx. 700 bombers and 500 fighting scouts similar to OTL 1918 aircraft.

Combined arm tactics and docturine is being devolped and heavily wargamed on training grounds in the East.

History: See thread.

[Imajin]

Kingdom of the Cape of Good Hope
Population: 35,187,906
Capital: Cape Town
King: Frederick II
Government: Constitutional Monarchy. A Parliament is made of an white-elected 200-member Royal Senate, and a 100-member King's Council, which is made up of 60 hereditary councilmen, and 40 appointed by the King. All laws must pass the Senate, but a 2/3 majority in the Senate can void Council vetoes.
History:
The Kingdom of the Cape began life as a settlement by the Republic of the United Netherlands. In this timeline, the United Netherlands convinced the provinces that remained loyal to rebel, and thus is more powerful. However, pro-Protestant policies alienated the Catholics, and the Dutch overwhelmed the French-speaking Wallonians. After a failed rebellion, many began to move to the Cape.
However, the Dutch South Africa Company created to run the colony was corrupt, and went bankrupt. The Republic took over, however, they were unpopular with the people when they began to tax, and the colony rebelled. After a short war, a new Kingdom was declared, and Frederick, an Austrian prince who had supported the colonialists, and had convinced the Emperor to support the far-away rebels, was invited to become King.
The Kingdom was isolated from Europe for a time, and for a time this suited it. However, after a border clash with Britain over it's colonies, it realized that it could no longer be isolationist. It began to officialize its claims in Africa through settlers and fortifications, and reorganized it's outlying-province system. The central settlements, including Cape Town and a long area on the coast became the "Cape Kingdom Proper", ruled directly by the government, and the outlying territories, reorganized into the Frontier, North-Western, Trans-Orange, Trans-Vaal, and North-Eastern Provinces, were given a high degree of autonomy, and representation in the Royal Senate. The army has been all but disbanded after the 1876 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in which all parties agreed to recognize the African claims, and demilitarize them.
Military: Strong but Small navy. 5 Cruisers (The Frederik of Austria, The Cape Town, The Queen Beatrix, The Cape's Pride, and the King Peter I) The army is very small, but preparations can be made to build up the army very quickly.
Economic: A well developed, modern economy. There is a thriving textile industry, and inland there are many large farms, producing tobbaco, wool, and sugarcane, among others.
Flag: The flag shown here is technically the government flag. It is a combination of the small arms, and the red-black-red tricolor that is the official national flag. However, this flag is widely used by all, and many would not even know that red-black-red was the official flag.

[perdedor99]

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

Royal Guard Corps:
Royal Grenadiers Brigade: 1st and 2nd Grenadiers Regiments
1st Tirailleurs Regiment

1st Royal Guard Cavalry Brigade: 1st and 2nd Hussar Regiments

1st Infantry Division
Regiment Rey
Regiment Reina
Regiment Principe
Regiment Princessa

2nd Infantry Division
Regiment Murat
Regiment Farnese
Regiment Napoli
Regiment Calabria

3rd Infantry Division
Regiment Puglia
Regiment Abruzzo
Regiment Palermo
Regiment Messina

7th Infantry Brigade
Regiment Lucania
Regiment Bersaglieri

4th Infantry Division
1st to 4th Infantry regiments

5th Infantry Division
5th to 8th Infantry regiments

6th Infantry Division
9th to 12th Infantry regiments

Swiss Division
1st to 4th Swiss regiments

Dragoons cavalry brigade
Rey dragoon regiment
reina dragoon regiment

Lanceros Cavalry brigade
1st and 2nd lancers regiments

1st carabineers regiment

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Navy
3 Naples Class Dreadnaughts ( the Sicily, the Naples and the Taranto): similar to Napoleon type Dreadnaughts
3 King Joachim Pre-dreadnaughts ( The Princess Sofia, The Queen Maria, The King Joachim): similar to Carnot type
5 Armored Cruisers : similar to Artois class
15 destroyers : similar to Cavalier and Rapiere destroyers

[perdedor99]

Japan in 1914

The Meiji Emperor of Japan died in 1912. Japan had come a long way in his 45-year reign. The country now counted itself a great power, with a navy ranked 4th in the world. Japan even had a colonial empire (Taiwan, Philippines and Korea, and some small islands) and "interests" in China. Japanese colonial rule, while stern, wasn’t brutal except for their handle of the Moro Rebellion in the Philippines(1905-1908). Despite a small industrial base, the prewar economy flourished. Japanese diplomacy centered on an alliance with Britain, in which each pledged to aid the other should they become embroiled with 2 great powers. Each side insisted on an exception. Britain would in no case fight the USA, and Japan would not enter a purely European war. In 1904, the alliance allowed Japan to attack Spain, secure that the intervention of any foreign power would trigger British involvement.

The new emperor, taking the name of Taisho, proved to be feeble-minded. Political factions soon realized that he would and could not exert the centralizing influence the Meiji Emperor had. As the elder statesmen of the Meiji Restoration retired to make way for younger men, high politics changed. The Meiji leaders, having risked their lives to overthrow the Shogun, had worked together. Their successors, without this bond, and under no Imperial pressure, could only consult the written Constitution. Loosely based on the German Imperial Constitution, this document allowed the resignation of any minister to force a new election, a prescription for parliamentary paralysis. The Army and Navy, guaranteed Cabinet seats, increasingly resorted to threatened resignations to force particular policies upon reluctant governments.

Japanese society faced new pressures. Trade unions, parliamentary opposition, a political middle class, journalism and public opinion forced liberalization, known as "Taisho democracy". The military grudgingly accepted fiscal retrenchment after the Spanish-Japanese War, because the Navy put faith in the British alliance, while the army felt its prestige too low to resist.

The army had not come out of the Spanish-Japanese war and the Moro Rebellion well. It had won some great victories, particularly at Manila and Mindanao, but they had been terribly bloody. Army calculations seemed to have been unfoundedly optimistic. The navy, by contrast, appeared to have fought brilliantly, and claimed to have actually won the war at Manila Bay. The 2 services, largely recruited from rival Satsuma and Choshu clans, competed openly. Civilian governments used this against them.

From about 1910, Japan's post-war fiscal pinch eased, and military budgets grew. The navy demanded more money to finance its dreadnought arms race. The army, too, wished to modernize, but found civilians and sailors alike reluctant to spend.

the Japanese army in 1914
Japan initially modeled her army on the French, but disastrous early maneuvers led to German advisers replacing French ones. Army structure therefore resembled the French, while doctrine followed German ideas. The staff considered Russia as the likely enemy, training and planning for a Russo-Japanese War.

The standing army of 1/4 million men boasted 19 infantry divisions, 4 cavalry brigades, 3 field artillery brigades, 6 heavy artillery regiments and a signals "brigade" (not intended to operate as a unit, but to detach sections for service). The army could not afford to train the whole population. Each year, about 120,000 men entered the ranks, chosen by lot out of an annual conscript "class" of 550,000. Fully mobilized, Japan could field 1 1/2 million men.

Each infantry division consisted of a logistics "battalion", an engineering battalion (of 3 companies), a field artillery regiment (6 batteries of 6 guns), a cavalry regiment (of 3 squadrons), and 2 infantry brigades of two 3-battalion regiments. Some divisions also had mountain artillery battalions (2 batteries of 4 guns). Divisions attached signals and sanitary units separately. After mobilization, a reserve infantry brigade followed each infantry division into action. Reserves took refresher training. They therefore mobilized late, but did not differ in any other way from regulars.

Japanese soldiers suffered from cheap, inferior weapons. The Arisaka service rifle jammed frequently. Field artillery only shot at short range with poor accuracy, as did even the brand new Model 3 field howitzer. Coastal defense batteries, some captured from Spain in 1904 or China in 1895, provided a variety of heavy guns. Changes bought forward by the savage guerilla war in the Philippines was the licensing of the excellent Winchester 1897 shotgun from the United States and their issue for close combat. Also the need for increased volume of fire and stopping power made possible the development of a semi-auto rifle and portable aircooled machine guns(1). It was on the testing stage by 1914. .

Japanese assault tactics developed against Spain stressed initial rapid maneuver followed by careful artillery preparation, small arms fire concentration and a decisive bayonet charge. Changes bought forward by the Moro rebellion stressed the use of overwhelming firepower if possible and the increase of the firepower of the infantry squad with the attachment of shot gunners for short range combat. Japanese troops on the defensive dug in swiftly, deeply and well.

Japan in the Great War: the Japanese Navy (2)
Japan modeled her navy on the British in construction, doctrine and tactics.

In August 1914, the Navy had 2 dreadnought battleships, 2 fast battle cruisers, 6 pre-dreadnought battleships, 12 cruisers, 7 light cruisers, 7 old cruisers (down-rated to gunboats), 9 gunboats, 51 destroyers, 31 torpedo boats and 13 submarines, a total of 460,000 tons. This force dominated the Pacific, threatening to crush both the Russian Pacific Fleet and the German East Asia Squadron.

By 1914 the Japanese Navy was building 4 dreadnoughts, 2 battle cruisers, 7 light cruisers, 26 destroyers 7 submarines and dozens of small ASW and minesweeping vessels.

(1) similar to OTL BAR
(2) similar to OTL Fleet in 1914 except for no former Russian ships.

Battlecruisers: Kongo, Hiei (Hiei was commissioned Aug. 4, 1914, so the crew must be green.)
Dreadnoughts: Settsu, Kawachi
Predreadnoughts: Satsuma, Aki
Kashima, Katori
Mikasa
Shikishima

Coast Defence Ships: Fuji (an old battleship)

Armoured Cruisers: Tshukaba, Ikoma (The Japanese classified these as and the Ibukis as "battle cruisers," but they lacked an all big-gun armament.)
Ibuki, Kurama
Kasuga, Nisshin
Adzuma
Yakumo
Asama, Tokiwa, Idzumo, Iwate
Light Cruisers: Chikuma, Yahagi, Hirado
Tone
Flotilla Leaders: Otowa
Tsushima, Niitaki
Kasagi (training ship), Chitose
Suma, Akashi (training ship)
Akitsushima
Itshukushima, Itashidate (both training ships)
Takuchiho
Destroyers: Sakura, Tachibana
Umikaze, Yamakaze
Asakaze, Kamikaze, Hatsushio, Yayoi, Kisaragi, Shiratsuyu, Shirayuki,
Natsukase, Harukaze, Shigure, Hayate, Oite, Yunagi, Yugure, Yudachi, Mikazuki,
Nowaki, Ushio, Nenohi, Hibiki, Shirotaye, Hatsuharu, Wakaba, Hatsuyuki, Uzuki,
Minazuki, Nagatsuki, Kikuzuki, Unanami, Isonami, Ayanami
Asagiri, Murasame, Ariake, Arare, Fubuki
Shirakumo, Asashio
Murakumo, Kagero, Shiranai, Usugamo, Yugiri
Akebono, Ikazuchi, Inazuma, Oboro

Submarines: No. 1 through No. 5 (Holland type: made in U.S., sections assembled in Japan)
No.6 and No. 7 (Improved Hollands built in Japan)
No. 8 and No. 9 (British "C" class design)
No. 10 through No. 12 (Improved "C" class)
No. 13 (further improved "C" class)

[perdedor99]

Capital: Tokyo
Language: Japanese
Government: Emperor Taisho, Prime Minister Admiral Yamamoto Gonnohyoe.
Population: 75 million

[Archangel Michael]

Russian Empire
Rulers/Government: Constitutional monarchy under Tsar Pytor V (not ISOTed), regnant under Tsarevich Grand Duke Aleksey Romanov; Prime Minister Pavel Kovlak (not ISOTed), government regency under Vice Minister Mikhail Desseborca
Capital: Constantinople (not ISOTed), Moscow (temporary)
Economic Statistics: Russia began industrializing around the begging of the 19th Century under the reforms brought about by Tsar Pytor III.
Population: 146 million total, 97 million ISOTed
Military Statistics: see below
Technology: Most technology roughly equivalent to OTL 1914. Russian Imperial Army just begging experiments with tanks and an air corps, and has extensive armored car regiments. Most Russian scout aeroplanes are biplanes with three tails and canards. Massive Babbage-like computers used by the government as calculators.
History: The world from where the Russian Empire came from diverges during the reign of Tsar Pytor the Great. His eldest son, Grand Duke Aleksey, is not killed for treason. Instead, he leads a promising military career, until his father’s death in 1725, when he assumes the throne as Tsar Aleksey II.

Aleksey reigns from 1725 to 1767, when he dies at the age of 77. In that time, he expands the Russian border further south in the Caucasus. His liberal reforms result in the creation of the bicameral Russian Duma, with the House of Nobles and the House of Commons. The slow emancipation of the serfs in Russia is also seen during his reign.

When Aleksey dies, the empire is throne into chaos. His wife takes the throne from 1767 to 1768 as Tsarina Anna I. Then his cousin, Pytor, takes the throne as Pytor II from 1768 to 1774. The Pytor II’s daughter, Yekaterína, takes the throne as Tsarina Yekaterína I from 1774 to 1776. Then Yekaterína is overthrown by the palace guards and her three month old nephew is crowned Tsar Feodor IV for a few months in 1776.

Then, Aleksey’s youngest daughter, Anastasia, takes the throne as Tsarina Anastasia I. During her rule, the powers of the Duma are expanded and the officer of Prime Minister created. The serfs are also completely emancipated during her reign. Also, the Ottomans are defeated in several wars in the Black Sea. In 1803, Anastasia leaves a unified kingdom to her eldest and only child, Pytor,

Pytor III had traveled abroad extensively during his younger years. He began to industrialize Russia. The power of the Prime Minister was also expanded. He made the Caspian Sea a Russian lake, and mass colonization of North America began. He died in 1838 and was succeeded by his sick son Pytor IV. Pytor IV died after just eleven months as tsar, and was succeeded by brother Aleksey III.

Aleksey III saw further industrialization of Russia and expansion of its borders. He held down several ethnic and religious conflicts, and even moved his forces further into America and Asia Minor. In 1848, political upheaval forced Aleksey to grant Russia’s first constitution and make Russia a constitutional monarchy based off the British model. By the time he died in 1871, Russian forces had just begun a siege of Constantinople. He left the kingdom to his only child, Tsarina Anastasia II.

Anastasia II was extremely popular. Constantinople fell under her. Despite this, she was assassinated in 1876 by an anarchist. Her eldest son, Ivan, became Ivan VI. Ivan VI cracked down on several political movements, and grew extremely unpopular. In 1888, revolution erupted in Russia. Ivan VI was overthrown and replaced by Duke Vasilli, a member of the Aleksandrian Branch of the Romanov Family. Vasilli was crowned Tsar Vasilli V in St. Peterburg.

In 1893, Vasilli moved the Russian capital to Constantinople and began to expand the Russian Army and Navy. In 1897, Russia commissioned her first Leviathan Battleship (TTL Dreadnought battleships, named after the HMS Leviathan, the first of her king). The Army began experimenting with armored cars in 1897 and adopted the first armored car seven years later.

In 1899, Vasilli V died and was succeeded by his son, Tsar Vasilli VI. Vasilli personally lead several campaigns against the Ottoman Remnants in Persia and Arabia, and was killed in 1902 by an Ottoman sniper during a campaign in Persia. He was succeeded by his younger brother Pytor, who was crowned Tsar Pytor V.

Pytor V began the reforms made by his grandfather Vasilli V. In 1909, he founded the world’s first air corps, the Imperial Russian Air Service Corps. He also began to heavily expand to Russian Army and Navy, and formed the Imperial Guard, a militia system with men between the ages of 16 and 56 serving.

[FederationX]

I'll be posting Saturday if that is alright, sorry for the delay.

[Ward]

French republic

POP is 35 million
Flag is the French Flag of today
The French Navy is that of 1914 France

[Archangel Michael]

I'm going to make some modifications of the Russian entry. The military section will be posted in its own thread.
--------------------------------

Russian Empire
Rulers/Government: Constitutional monarchy under Tsar Pytor V (not ISOTed), regnant under Tsarevich Grand Duke Aleksey Romanov; State Chancellor Pavel Meshcheryakov (not ISOTed), government regency under Vice Chancellor Mikhail Yakovenko
Capital: Constantinople (not ISOTed), Moscow (temporary)
Economic Statistics: Russia began industrializing around the begging of the 19th Century under the reforms brought about by Tsar Pytor III.
Population: 181 million total, 127 ISOTed
Military Statistics: see below
Technology: Most technology roughly equivalent to OTL 1914. Russian Imperial Army just begging experiments with tanks and an air corps, and has extensive armored car regiments. Most Russian scout aeroplanes are biplanes with three tails and canards. Massive Babbage-like computers used by the government as calculators.
History: The world from where the Russian Empire came from diverges during the reign of Tsar Pytor the Great. His eldest son, Grand Duke Aleksey, is not killed for treason. Instead, he leads a promising military career, until his father’s death in 1725, when he assumes the throne as Tsar Aleksey II.

Aleksey reigns from 1725 to 1767, when he dies at the age of 77. In that time, he expands the Russian border further south in the Caucasus. His liberal reforms result in the creation of the bicameral Russian Duma, with the House of Nobles and the House of Commons. The slow emancipation of the serfs in Russia is also seen during his reign.

When Aleksey dies, the empire is throne into chaos. His wife takes the throne from 1767 to 1768 as Tsarina Anna I. Then his cousin, Pytor, takes the throne as Pytor II from 1768 to 1774. The Pytor II’s daughter, Yekaterína, takes the throne as Tsarina Yekaterína I from 1774 to 1776. Then Yekaterína is overthrown by the palace guards and her three month old nephew is crowned Tsar Feodor IV for a few months in 1776.

Then, Aleksey’s youngest daughter, Anastasia, takes the throne as Tsarina Anastasia I. During her rule, the powers of the Duma are expanded and the officer of Prime Minister created. The serfs are also completely emancipated during her reign. Also, the Ottomans are defeated in several wars in the Black Sea. In 1803, Anastasia leaves a unified kingdom to her eldest and only child, Pytor,

Pytor III had traveled abroad extensively during his younger years. He began to industrialize Russia. The power of the Prime Minister was also expanded. He made the Caspian Sea a Russian lake, and mass colonization of North America began. He died in 1838 and was succeeded by his sick son Pytor IV. Pytor IV died after just eleven months as tsar, and was succeeded by brother Aleksey III.

Aleksey III saw further industrialization of Russia and expansion of its borders. He held down several ethnic and religious conflicts, and even moved his forces further into America and Asia Minor. In 1848, political upheaval forced Aleksey to grant Russia’s first constitution and make Russia a constitutional monarchy based off the British model. By the time he died in 1871, Russian forces had just begun a siege of Constantinople. He left the kingdom to his only child, Tsarina Anastasia II.

Anastasia II was extremely popular. Constantinople fell under her. Despite this, she was assassinated in 1876 by an anarchist. Her eldest son, Ivan, became Ivan VI. Ivan VI cracked down on several political movements, and grew extremely unpopular. In 1888, revolution erupted in Russia. Ivan VI was overthrown and replaced by Duke Vasilli, a member of the Aleksandrian Branch of the Romanov Family. Vasilli was crowned Tsar Vasilli V in St. Peterburg.

In 1893, Vasilli moved the Russian capital to Constantinople and began to expand the Russian Army and Navy. In 1897, Russia commissioned her first Leviathan Battleship (TTL Dreadnought battleships, named after the HMS Leviathan, the first of her king). The Army began experimenting with armored cars in 1897 and adopted the first armored car seven years later.

In 1899, Vasilli V died and was succeeded by his son, Tsar Vasilli VI. Vasilli personally lead several campaigns against the Ottoman Remnants in Persia and Arabia, and was killed in 1902 by an Ottoman sniper during a campaign in Persia. He was succeeded by his younger brother Pytor, who was crowned Tsar Pytor V.

Pytor V began the reforms made by his grandfather Vasilli V. In 1909, he founded the world’s first air corps, the Imperial Russian Air Service Corps. He also began to heavily expand to Russian Army and Navy, and formed the Imperial Guard, a militia system with men between the ages of 16 and 56 serving.

[Imajin]

Baltic Region:
The Kalmar Union
Officially, the United Kingdoms of Denmark, Norway,

Sweden, Baltmark, Vinland, and Canada
Territory: Scandinavia*, Iceland*, the Baltic Region, Pomerania*, Schleswig-Holstein, Newfoundland*, Quebec*, the Faeroe Islands*, Greenland*, and several other territories*.
* - Not ISOTed
Monarch: King Alexander IV (Not ISOTed)
Capital: Roskilde. The largest city in the Baltmark is Christiana (around the site of OTL's Riga, Latvia).
Government: Constitutional Monarch divided between six Kingdoms. However, the situation is more complicated than that, as Norway is treated as part of Denmark for most matters, Baltmark as part of Sweden, and Vinland and Canada often treated as one. Vinland is OTL's Newfoundland Islands, and Canada corresponded around OTL's Quebec Province.
History:
In this timeline, the Baltic people attacked Christianity in 1200. The Pope called for a Crusade, and Sweden, the Teutonic Knights, and several German states subdued many of the lands. Only the Lithuanians escaped. The Lithuanians would go on to form the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which would become an important power. Meanwhile, the Swedish region was formed into the Baltic March (Baltmark), and was colonized by Swedes.
In 1359, after defeating the Swedish King, Queen Margaret I of Denmark forced the Swedes to agree to the Treaty of Kalmar. This put Sweden and Denmark into a permanent personal union. Margaret was also proclaimed Queen of Norway. The Kings who came after her followed a course of wide autonomy for Sweden, however, after a Swedish rebellion in 1567, Baltmark was taken from Sweden and became an independent Kingdom.
In 1500, Danish explorers began to sail the high seas. Greenland was recolonized, and ships claimed Newfoundland Island. The territories were settled sparesly, though the population would grow enough that by 1750, "Vinland and Canada" became an independent Kingdom within the Union, and in 1850 it was split up. In 1600, the Fifty Years War began over the protestant teachings of ex-Bishop German Martin Willburg. In the aftermath of the war, all of Schleswig and Holstein, which had been under the Danish monarch, were integrated into Denmark, and Pomerania became an integral part of Sweden.
The Kalmar Union became a major player in European Affairs. It participated in wars, and the King was often listed among the most influential people in Europe. The first major threat to Kalmar power came in 1880, when the Alliance of the Union of Poland and Lithuania, The Czarate of Rusia, and the French Respublica attacked the Associated Powers: The United Kingdom of England, Scotland, Ireland, New-England, and Hanover, The Empire of Habsburg (The Austrians retained the city, which became both the capital and name of the country after a unifying reform designed not to give unfair precedence), and the Kalmar Union. The war raged on, but in the end in 1899, The UK, Habsburg, and the Kalmar Union were victorious, and enacted harsh terms on the allies. Much of the borderlands of Poland-Lithuania were partioned, populations relocated, and resettled. The Rusian monarchy was overthrown, it was forced to pay reparations, and some of it's territory was given away. Habsburg gained Alsace and Lorraine from France.
Today, the European situation is at peace- somewhat. Nationalistic leaders have shown up in France and Poland-Lithuania, calling for a new war to regain lost territory, and compensated for those who lost land in the Ethnic cleansings. For example, the Rzeczpospolita People's Party has gained majorities in the democratically elected house of the Poland-Lithuanian government, and calling for a return of Lithunaia Proper. Another war seems likely, and many troops have been sent to the Poland-Lithuanian border zone for defense.
Military: Unluckily for the Baltmark, the border zone where most troops were is almost completely outside the ISOTed area. However, there are many older guard stations within the area, some going across what was once northern "proper" Lithuania.
Economy: The entire region is heavily industrialized in the cities and surrounding area. However, the rural areas between the cities are almost completely agricultural.
Flag: Kalmar Union flag.

[perdedor99]

Kingdom of Egypt
Capital: Cairo
Languages: Official Arabic, French and English know by a great part of the population.
Government: His Majesty King Abbas II, Prime Minister Zaghlul Pasha.
Population: 32 millions

Kingdom of Central Arabia
Capital: Riyadh
Languages: Arabic
Government: His Majesty Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud
Population: 1.5 millions

Protectorate of Aden
Capital: Aden
Languages: Arabic and English
Government: Local leaders under protection of High Commisioner Sir Charles Gordon
Population: 400,000

Kingdom of Oman
Languages: Arabic and English
Government: Sultan Sayyid Bin Said Al Said
Population: 800,000


History and development

After the French left Egypt, an Ottoman army remained in the country. The Ottoman government was determined to prevent a revival of Mamluk power and autonomy and to bring Egypt under the control of the central government. The Ottomans appointed Khusraw Pasha as viceroy. Hostilities occasionally broke out between his forces and those of the Mamluks who had established themselves in Upper Egypt.

By 1803 it was apparent that a third party had emerged in the struggle for power in Egypt. This was the Albanian contingent of Ottoman forces that had come in 1801 to fight against the French. Muhammad Ali, who had arrived in Egypt as a junior commander in the Albanian forces, had by 1803 risen to commander. In just two short years, he would become the Ottoman viceroy in Egypt.

Muhammad Ali, who has been called the "father of modern Egypt," was able to attain control of Egypt because of his own leadership abilities and political shrewdness but also because the country seemed to be slipping into anarchy. The urban notables and the ulama believed that Muhammad Ali was the only leader capable of bringing order and security to the country. The Ottoman government, however, aware of the threat Muhammad Ali represented to the central authority, attempted to get rid of him by making him governor of the Hijaz. Eventually, the Ottomans capitulated to Egyptian pressure, and in June 1805, they appointed Muhammad Ali governor of Egypt.

Between 1805 and 1811, Muhammad Ali consolidated his position in Egypt by defeating the Mamluks and bringing Upper Egypt under his control. Finally, in March 1811, Muhammad Ali had sixty-four Mamluks, including twenty-four beys, assassinated in the citadel. From then on, Muhammad Ali was the sole ruler of Egypt. Muhammad Ali represented the successful continuation of policies begun by the Mamluk Ali Bey al Kabir. Like Ali Bey, Muhammad Ali had great ambitions. He, too, wanted to detach Egypt from the Ottoman Empire, and he realized that to do so Egypt had to be strong economically and militarily.

Muhammad Ali's development strategy was based on agriculture. He expanded the area under cultivation and planted crops specifically for export, such as long-staple cotton, rice, indigo, and sugarcane. The surplus income from agricultural production was used for public works, such as irrigation, canals, dams, and barrages, and to finance industrial development and the military. The development plans hinged on the state's gaining a monopoly over the country's agricultural resources. In practical terms, this meant the peasants were told what crops to plant, in what quantity, and over what area. The government bought directly from the peasants and sold directly to the buyer, cutting out the intermediaries or merchants.

Muhammad Ali was also committed to the industrial development of Egypt. The government set up modern factories for weaving cotton, jute, silk, and wool. Workers were drafted into factories to weave on government looms. Factories for sugar, indigo, glass, and tanning were set up with the assistance of foreign advisers and imported machinery. Industries employed about 4 percent of the population, or between 180,000 and 200,000 persons fifteen years of age and over. The textile industry was protected by embargoes imposed by the government to prohibit the import of the cheap British textiles that had flooded the Egyptian market. Commercial activities were geared toward the establishment of foreign trade monopolies and an attempt to acquire a favorable balance of trade.

The historian Marsot has argued that Britain became determined to check Muhammad Ali because a strong Egypt represented a threat to Britain's economic and strategic interests. Economically, British interests would be served as long as Egypt continued to produce raw cotton for the textile mills of Lancashire and to import finished goods from Britain. Thus, the British were particularly angered by the Egyptian monopolies even though Britain engaged in such trade practices as high tariffs and embargoes to protect their own economies. Strategically, Britain wanted to maintain access to the overland route through Egypt to India, a vital link in the line of imperial communications. Britain was worried not only about the establishment of a united, militarily strong state straddling the eastern Mediterranean but also about Muhammad Ali's close ties to France.

It was at this time that Lord Palmerston, the British minister of foreign affairs, established the British policy of preserving the integrity of the Ottoman Empire. Britain preferred a weakened but intact Ottoman Empire that would grant it the strategic and commercial advantages it needed to maintain its influence in the region. Thus, Muhammad Ali's invasion of Syria in 1831 and his attempt to break away from the Ottoman Empire jeopardized British policy and its military and commercial interests in the Middle East and India. The Egyptian invasion of Syria was provoked ostensibly by the sultan's refusal to give Syria to Muhammad Ali in return for his assistance in the crushing of the Greeks during their failed rebellion in the late 1820s.

When Egyptian forces invaded and occupied Syria and came within sight of Istanbul, the great powers (Britain, France, Austria, Russia, and Prussia) allied themselves with the Ottoman government to drive the Egyptian forces out of Syria. A British fleet bombarded Beirut in September 1840, and an Anglo-Turkish force landed, causing uprisings against the Egyptian forces. Acre fell in November, and a British naval force anchored off Alexandria. The Egyptian army was forced to retreat to Egypt, and Muhammad Ali was obliged to accede to British demands. According to the Treaty of 1841, Muhammad Ali was stripped of all the conquered territory except Sudan but was granted the hereditary governorship of Egypt for life, with succession going to the eldest male in the family. French support helped Muhammad Ali to reject the Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1838. This meant that Muhammad Ali was not forced to abandon his monopolies. Thus, Egypt was able to control the flood of cheap manufactured imports that could have decimated the local industries.

Muhammad Ali continued to rule Egypt after his defeat in Syria. He became increasingly senile toward the end of his rule and his eldest son, Ibrahim, petitioned the Ottoman government to be appointed governor because of his father's inability to rule. Ibrahim was gravely ill of tuberculosis, however, and ruled for only six months, from July to November 1848. Muhammad Ali died in August 1849.

Ibrahim was succeeded by Abbas Hilmi I, a genuine traditionalist with no interest in continuing the development plans of his grandfather, Muhammad Ali. Abbas disliked Europeans, but he allowed a railroad line to be built between Alexandria and Cairo that facilitated British imperial communications with India. Regular steamship services already linked Britain to India via Alexandria, Suez, and Bombay. This partially overland route to India took thirty-one days, compared to three months for the journey around the Cape of Good Hope.

Abbas's successor was Said, the fourth son of Muhammad Ali. He revived the works in agriculture, irrigation, and education begun by his father. Under his rule, the first land law governing private landed property in Egypt was passed in 1858. Said abolished the agricultural monopolies of his father by granting landowners the right to dispose freely of their produce as well as the freedom to choose what crops to cultivate. He also introduced uniform military service and the first organized pension plan for public servants.

Said was a friend of the French engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps, to whom he granted a concession in 1854 to construct a canal from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. The Suez Canal Company was organized to undertake the construction, and the concession to the company included two items that proved costly for Egypt. First, the company was granted a strip of land linking the Nile with the canal site. There a freshwater canal was constructed, and the strip of land was decreed tax free, allowing the company to enjoy the benefits of its cultivation. Second, the viceroy undertook to supply labor for the canal's construction, in what amounted to a system of forced labor.

Muhammad Ali had attempted to take Egypt directly from a subsistence agricultural economy to a complex industrial one. He was successful because of innovative ideas and French and German support. In the industrial sector, Muhammad Ali's factories last past his death and by the latter part of the 19th century German Mauser rifles and French 75 guns were manufactured under license in the national armory in Cairo. In the agricultural sector, Egypt's longstaple cotton became increasingly attractive to British textile manufacturers. Between 1840 and 1860, the export of cotton increased 300 percent. During the American Civil War, the area devoted to cotton cultivation in Egypt increased almost fourfold and cotton prices rose along with cotton production.

The transformation of the rural economy from subsistence to cash-crop agriculture caused dramatic changes, including the privatization of land in fewer hands and the dispossession of peasants. The privatization of land began during the reign of Muhammad Ali, who in the 1840s distributed half the agricultural land to royal family members, Turco-Circassian officials, and Egyptian notables or village headmen. Although many land grants were rescinded during the reign of Abbas, consolidation of landholdings proceeded during the reigns of Said and Ismail at the expense of small and middle-sized peasant proprietors. By the 1870s, the royal family owned one-fifth of all the cultivated land in the country. The largest royal estates could be as large as 10,000 feddans is slightly more than an acre. By the 1890s, 42.5 percent of all registered land was held in tracts of more than fifty feddans. The largest landowners included members of the royal family, and the Turco-Circassian elite of officers and officials. Their estates were worked by sharecroppers or agricultural laborers. By the time of Ismail, these landowners had developed into a landed aristocracy. Another group of landholding elite originated with Muhammad Ali's appointment of Egyptians as village headmen (umada; sing., umdah), the state's agents in the countryside. This was Muhammad Ali's attempt to reduce the power of the Turco-Circassians. With the privatization of land, the Egyptian notables became substantial landowners with considerable political influence.

Historians has described the nineteenth century as a time when the peasants were transformed from independent producers with rights to use the land to landless peasants forced to work as wage-laborers or to migrate to the cities where they became part of the urban dispossessed.
The development of capitalist agriculture and a monetized rural economy spelled disaster for many peasants. Despite land laws like those of Said in 1855 and 1858, which gave peasants legal ownership of their plots, peasant land loss occurred at an unprecedented rate, chiefly because of indebtedness. Forced to borrow at high rates of interest to get the seed and animals necessary for sowing and to pay monthly installments on their taxes, the peasants had to repay these loans at harvest time when the prices were lowest.

The American Civil War put a premium on Egyptian cotton, and the price increased. When the war ended, the inflated prices suddenly dropped. For the first time in Egypt, a serious problem of peasant indebtedness appeared with its inevitable consequences: mortgages, foreclosures, and usurious loans. The village headmen and the owners of great estates profited from the crisis by purchasing abandoned land. The headmen also profited as moneylenders.

Peasants also lost land because taxes on peasant land were higher than on estate land. Large landholders sometimes paid as little as one-fourth of the taxes paid by the peasantry. In addition, peasants fled the countryside to escape corvée (forced labor) on the state's public works projects and military conscription.

At the turn of the century, the population of Egypt was about 30 million. Of this total, between 10 percent were landless peasants. In 1906 less than 20 percent of the privately held and waqf (religiously endowed) land was held by 80 percent of the population while 1 percent owned more than 40 percent. Most landowners owned between one and five feddans, with three feddans being necessary for subsistence.

Of the 30 million people in Egypt at the turn of the century, approximately 8 million lived in towns and cities, and of those, 3 million lived in cities with a population of more than 20,000. The population of Alexandria grew as it became the financial and commercial center of the cotton industry. New towns like Az Zaqaziq and Port Said (Bur Said) on the Suez Canal were established.

Most of the increase in Egypt's urban population was the result of the migration of peasants from the countryside. Although some became workers or petty traders, most joined the ranks of the factory workers. By the turn of the century, a working class had emerged. It was composed mainly of transport and building workers and of workers in the industries that had been established--sugar refineries, ginning mills, cigarette factories, armories, textiles and the Canal workers. However, a large proportion of the new urban lower class consisted of a fluctuating mass of people without any fixed employment. Industrialization gave rise to a modern working class engaged in factory labor. By 1914 there were 750,000 to 800,000 workers employed in modern factories. Pay in the industrial sector was low and working conditions sometimes unsafe. Just as it maintained a hands-off policy concerning trade, the state refused to intervene to regulate working conditions.

The old lower class of the cities and towns, particularly the artisans, continue to thrive thanks to the protective embargos of the government. The urban guilds continued their importance in the economic life of Egypt because Europeans never replaced Egyptians in production and commerce.

The old, or traditional, middle class declined in status and wealth. This middle class included the ulama, religiously educated elite who staffed the religious institutions and courts, and the merchants. The ulama and the merchants were closely tied to each other because of family and business connections. Furthermore, these categories overlapped; the ulama were also merchants and tax-farmers. The decline of the ulama began during the reign of Muhammad Ali who considered the ulama an intolerable alternative power center. He abolished tax farms, which were a major source of ulama wealth, thus weakening their position.

The decline of the ulama and the merchants was accelerated by the socioeconomic transformation of Egypt that led to the emergence of secular education, to secularly trained civil servants staffing the government bureaucracy, and to the reorientation of Egyptian trade. Secular education and the establishment of schools influenced by Western ideas and methods occurred throughout the century but were particularly widespread during the reign of Ismail. Secular education became identified with entrance into government employment. Moreover, once government employment was opened to Egyptians, it became the goal of the educated because of the power and social status it conferred. Between 1882 and 1907, the number of persons employed in public administration grew by 83.7 percent. The rise of this new urban middle class, called the effendiyah, parallelled the rise of the rural notables or umada. In fact, during the nineteenth century, the effendiyah tended to be first-generation urbanites from rural notable families who took advantage of expanded education and employment opportunities in the cities.
Whereas the Egyptian effendiyah and umada were rising, the traditional merchant class declined because the lucrative import-export trade was dominated by resident foreigners, and Egyptian merchants were confined to internal trade. During the nineteenth century, foreign trade was completely reoriented. In the past, it had dealt mainly in Sudanese, Arabian, and oriental goods. Cairo was one of the most important centers of trade, and Egyptian, Syrian, and Turkish merchants engaged in it. During the nineteenth century, Greeks and other Europeans resident in Egypt monopolized the export of cotton to Europe and manufactured items to the Middle East and East Africa. The change was reflected in the increase of French in Egypt--from between 8,000 and 10,000 in 1838 to 50,000 in 1881. The majority was engaged in the Canal Administration, import-export trade, banking, and finance.

No ruler of Egypt, has provoked such controversy in the West as Ismail. At the time, the antiIsmail view was held mainly by the British Government who depicted him as squeezing the peasants for money by oppressive taxation and the whip, and "ruining Egypt" by his lavish spending and despotic ways. Journalists and the American consuls in Egypt such as Edwin de Leon held a more balanced view, arguing that Ismail inherited an unfavorable Suez Canal agreement and a significant public and private debt from his uncle, Said. They noted that although Ismail spent lavishly, much of the money he borrowed from European bankers was used for building or repairing the country's infrastructure.

Ismail's goals for Egypt were similar to those of his grandfather, Muhammad Ali. He wanted Egypt to become virtually independent of the Ottoman Empire, a political and military power in the eastern Mediterranean and an economic partner of Europe. Ismail achieved a considerable degree of independence from the Porte (from Sublime Porte, the term for the High Gate that came to be synonymous with the Ottoman government) by making large payments to the Ottoman treasury. For example, in return for increasing Egypt's annual payment to the Ottoman treasury from £175,000 to £400,000, Sultan Abdul Aziz allowed Ismail to change the rule of succession from the oldest surviving male heir of Muhammad Ali to direct male primogeniture in his family. The sultan also granted Ismail the formal title of khedive, which elevated his standing to a position closer to royalty.

Ismail's attempt to make Egypt independent was at the end succesfull because of the gap between the revenues the country could produce and the expenses necessary to achieve his goals was eventually closed. He attempted to generate more income by increasing agricultural productivity, chiefly by bringing more land into cultivation through expensive irrigation projects such as the construction of canals and dams. During his reign, an additional 506,000 hectares were brought under cultivation, representing a sizeable increase in both production and income.
To service the cotton crop, which was the basis of Egypt's prosperity, roads, bridges, railways, harbors, and telegraph lines had to be constructed. During Ismail's reign, 112 canals, 13,440 kilometers long, were dug; 400 bridges were built; 480 kilometers of railroad lines were laid; and 8,000 kilometers of telegraph lines were erected. Towns and cities were modernized by the expansion of public services such as water distribution, transport, street lighting, and gas supply. Public education was reorganized and expanded, and a postal service was established. The army and bureaucracy were expanded and modernized. In short, Ismail undertook the construction of the infrastructure of a modern state.

Ismail greatly expanded Egypt's revenues and exports during his reign. But while the country's agricultural productivity was tied to the export of cotton, whose price was set on a fluctuating world market, making income uncertain weapons were a necessity in the late 19th Century. His nation transformed itself in the armory of the Ottoman and Persian Kingdoms, helping the first nation to resist more effectively the Russian War of 1877-78 and rearm themselves after their defeat in that war. The industrial output of the weapons industry together with the Suez Canal Company revenues made possible the expansion of his realm to the other side of the Red Sea. Ottoman government gave up their rights of ownership over the Arabian Peninsula to the Egyptian government as a gift for their help during the Russian Turkish War and latter accepted the de facto Egyptian independence as a reality in 1885.

By 1914 Egypt has been independent for close to 20 years and they are the Power in the Middle East. Their army is 36 divisions strong modeled in French lines divided between Egypt proper, the Sudan and the Hedaz. They also control the puppet kingdom of Central Arabia under the Saud Dynasty with capital in Riyadh.

Their main client in the use of the Canal is the British Empire, with more than half of the shipping going thru the Canal being British. The British have established bases in the Arabian Peninsula to protect their shipping thru the Canal and trade routes with the Gulf region. Aden and Oman are under British protection.

[Matt]

Baltic Region:
The Kalmar Union
Officially, the United Kingdoms of Denmark, Norway,

Sweden, Baltmark, Vinland, and Canada
Territory: Scandinavia*, Iceland*, the Baltic Region, Pomerania*, Schleswig-Holstein, Newfoundland*, Quebec*, the Faeroe Islands*, Greenland*, and several other territories*.
* - Not ISOTed


Minor Question, did Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein get ISOT? I already incorporated them as part of the German Reich.

[Scarecrow]

NAME: Nuevo Aragon
CAPITAL: Catherina
POPULATION: 15,987,960 (45% Hispanic, 55% Anglo-Saxon, 5% Cathay)
LANGUAGES: Spanish, English
LEADER: Governor-General George San-Juarez III and the Crown Prince of Nuevo Aragon Arthur Winchester
GOVERNMENT: Monarchy
MILITARY: 50,000 standing troops, 23,000 Provincial Guard, and one million possible conscripts
Navy; (based on the Dreadnought table from the book Dreadnaught, Robert K. Massie) One Bellerophon class Dreader, and a Iron Duke, Battle cruisers; two Invincible, and three Lion class
Air Force; One Royal Squad, consisting of two blimp carriers, 10 Basen Bombers, and three squads of Nimbus fighters (consisting of fifteen planes each). Various independent duke sponsored fighters also exist.
Army; the 50,000 troops are stationed on the Northern coast, to fight any invading French.
Provincial Defense Forces; each of the eight provinces has approx. 2900 Province Defense units. These consist of several army units, used simply for backup and cleanup. They are the home guard, who would enforce food and resource rationing. Fortresses dot the northern coast, and a secret submarine program is in place.

POD: Catherine of Aragon’s father (Ferdinand of Spain) dies in 1509 INSTEAD of Henry the VIII’s father Henry the VII. Catherine now becomes the Queen of Castile and Aragorn. Now Catherine is an attractive choice for the bride of Henry. They marry later in the year, and Henry becomes the King of the twin Kingdoms of Aragorn and Castile. Henry is popular amongst the Spanish, and the couple has four children, Henry IX, Arthur, Mary and Ferdinand. In 1514 Henry VII dies, and Henry VIII inherits the Kingdom of England. He becomes the King of England AND Aragorn and Castile, uniting England and Spain under one kingdom, the Tri-Kingdom.

HISTORY: Terra Australis was settled in 1709 when the Tri-Kingdom (England, Castile, Aragon are the three Kingdoms, with associated Grand-Duchies and Territories around the world) set up a colony at Botany Bay. Over the next one hundred years the settlement was slow, with the Tri-Kingdom being focused on colonizing America. After the Secession wars of 1780-1809, the Tri-Kingdom focused on settling on and exploiting Terra Australis and Africa. The industrial revolution and the discovery of gold in N.Aragon led to the greater colonization of N.Aragon. Not only Spaniards and Englishmen, but, especially after the Gold Rush, many Cathy migrated to N.Aragon to seek a better life and make money. On the West Coast, the city of Palma became a major coaling point for the Tri-Kingdom Indian fleet. By 1914 the population of Nuevo Aragorn had grown to nearly 16 million. In 1911the eventual conflict between the two superpowers, the Empire of France and Her Allies, and the Tri-Kingdom occurred when the Empire attacked a Tri-Kingdom Merchant Fleet in the Pacific triggering a global conflict. The war is still going on, with the French East Indies bombing the north of N.Aragon, and for the last year no Aragonite troops have been sent to Europe or Africa to fight in the Tri-Kingdom forces, as the Virginian commonwealth has joined the Tri-Kingdom’s side. The end of the war seems within sight. The French also attacked on both on the Continent and on the Island Annaland.

Technology is roughly the same as OTL, except they have better airplanes, and wiregraphs. Machine guns are unknown amongst the Tri-Kingdom, but they do have the starts of rocket tech. their planes are no more advanced then the final WWI Airplanes.

the infostructure for a short war exists, but a long, lingering war would need to have social changes in place. there is no universal sufferege, and the power to vote is in the hands of the landowners. if needed civilian industries can be changed for military use, after all the Neuvo Aragonites are already involved in a global war, helping out the Motherlands, and preparing to invade the French East Indies. but the population is unwilling to waver from the Motherland view.

[Condottiero]

There is no one kind of plane here. If You have ever seem the "Wacky Men in Their Flying Machines" Movie. You get a idea of the Variety here. From Wright stlye Wing Warpers to triple Rudders, to Carnards, to pushers v pullers. Lots of Officers in the Air Corps are wealthy, and are flying their own Machines. The Competition will eventually come down to one or two of the best designs.
Sounds funny, could you post the winning models?
:)

...and of course the weirdest ones.

:eek:

The japanese planes of the previous mosaic earth were really cool.

[Imajin]

No, Denmark and Schelswig-Holstein weren't ISOTed.. I screwed up there, only the Baltic region was.

[Matt]

Just checking, if you want Denmark to be ISOTed with you instead just let me know, I impulsivly asked for it, and I'm not all that satisified with how I included it in my TL.

[DuQuense]

There is no one kind of plane here. If You have ever seem the "Wacky Men in Their Flying Machines" Movie. You get a idea of the Variety here. From Wright stlye Wing Warpers to triple Rudders, to Carnards, to pushers v pullers.

Got the title wrong, It's "Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines" about the first London/Paris Air Race in 1910.

[Condottiero]

It is situated in the South of OTL Morocco and it has been ISOTed with the Iberic Union.

NAME: Free Corsair Republic of Sale
CAPITAL: New Sale
POPULATION: 2000000 (40% arabs, 15% Dutch, 10% English, 35% mixed origin)
LANGUAGES: Arabic, dutch, aljamic-english (old english written in arabic characters)
LEADER: Emir Mohammed ibn Clijtens
GOVERNMENT: Elective Monarchy
MILITARY: 50000 infantrymen, 12000 cavalrymen
ISOTed navy: 13 fast cruisers (like the austrian Helgoland), 2 old predreadnoughs (used as floating batteries), 20 gunned freighters, 55 torpedo fast boats, 5 submarines

Since its creation in the XVI century the piratic republic of Sale has been a pain in the flank of Hispania first and later in almost everybody else. It has been the traditional shelter to anyone fleeing from justice in Europe, specially dutch corsairs and english after the partition of England. During the big war of the 1860s, iberic forces took the northern part of the republic destroying the old town of Sale. The pragmatic authorities of the Republic that maybe they could serve also the Iberic Union and sign some sort of treaty that could grant their independence, moreover after the colonial partition of Africa that made iberian territory to surround the Republic.

During the last years the fleet of Sale has attacked french, austrian, spanish, mexican, swedish,... ships without much qualms. However as the european powers are going to sign a peace treaty in Dublin, the emirs are going to meet in order to decide where to expand their "trading" activities.

[Imajin]

I'm having some trouble thinking of how much an army each area of the Netherlands could bring up, espdecaially in Central Africa and the East Indies... Is there any website detailing the OTL WW1 militaries, so I can go from there?

[WngMasterD]

Name: The Naval Dominion of Newfoundland
Capitol: St. John's

Population: 250,000

Government: Constitutional Monarchy/ Military State
Legeslative The National Assemby (50 Seats)
Executive: Lord High Admiral Jones, Represented by Commodore-Governor Sir Walter E. Davidson, Prime Minister Sir William Loyd

Economy: Fishing and lumber

Defense: 750 Man Royal Newfoundland Regement. 25 Patrol Craft, 5 escort Royal Newfoundland Navy

History
The British had always used Newfoundland as a fishing colony. Every summer, british fisherman, accompanied by the RN would set out on fishing expeditions in and around Newfoundland. On the island there ware small shacks and a small local population. Overtime this population grew. Eventually Newfoundland grew large enough to be a full colony, administered under the board of Admiralty.
In 1854, Newfoundland Gained self-government, and the citizenry established the National Assembly. Despite the apperences however, the Royal Navy still had much power within the dominion, the first two premeirs were RN officers.
In 1907 Newfoundland aquired Dominion status. They have recently reached trade agreements with the United States. They have just held elections and the Conservative Newfoundland Party holds a majority

Disputes: Canada: Extent of the Labrador Territory;

Flag:http://www.fotw.net/images/c/ca_nfre2.gif

[Archangel Michael]

NAME: Dominion of Aotearoa (New Zealand)
CAPITAL: Richmond
POPULATION: 5,607,391
GOVERNMENT: Constitutional monarchy
Executive: HM The King Henry XVII Plantagenet (Head of State, not ISOTed), HRH The Prince Harold Plantagenet of Richmond (regent), The Rt. Hon. President-General Richard Hill (representative of King Henry XVII), and The Rt. Hon. Prime Minister Ernest Cooper.
Legislative: Royal Aotearoan Islands Parliament, with one house, the House of Commons. The House of Commons are elected every time an election is called and are divided upon a provinces population. The prime minister is the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons.
Provinces: Upper Aotearoa (North Island) and Lower Aotearoa (South Island)
MILITARY:
Aotearoan: Six regiments of infantry and two of cavalry. One regiment of His Majesty’s Maori Royal Foot Guards and one regiment of His Majesty’s Maori Royal Mounted Guards. Supplemented by a militia of all able bodied men between the ages of 16 and 56.
British: Twelve regiments of infantry and three of cavalry. HMS Leviathan and Behemoth (similar to OTL Neptune-class), supported by the armored cruisers HMS Duke and Princess and eleven destroyers. Two squadrons of scout planes and six bombers.
ECONOMY: Includes fishing, agriculture, forestry, and light industry. Uses International Pound as currency.
TECHNOLOGY: Similar to OTL, except aeroplane technology in on par with 1917-1918.
POD: King Henry VIII is able to produce a strong healthy son before he dies. He is named Henry and is crowned King Henry IX after the death of his father in 1547. Henry IX forms a powerful European dynasty that dominates Europe by the begging of the Twentieth Century. Henry IX returned England back to Catholicism.
HISTORY: The Aotearoa Islands were discovered by David de la Salle before he founded his Jacquesiana colony in 1789. He formed the colony of Aotearoa in 1786, and thousands of political revolutionaries were shipped there between 1788 and 1806, when Britain founded the Wellington Colony in 1807. Like in the Winchester Islands, Britain and France fought for control of Aotearoa. In 1841, the British were kicked out and the Wellington Colony was named Lower Aotearoa and Aotearoa was renamed Upper Aotearoa.
In 1867, a British attack force recaptured the Aotearoa Islands, kicking the French off. The two colonies were kept separated, and were granted self rule and a federal constitution in 1908. The British have brutally oppressed the French-Aotearoans, so brutally, in fact, that they have no will to rise up in rebellion.

[Archangel Michael]

NAME: Dominion of the Winchester Islands (Hawaii)
CAPITAL: Lahaina
POPULATION: 2,093,120
GOVERNMENT: Constitutional monarchy
Executive: HM The King Henry XVII Plantagenet (Head of State, not ISOTed), HRH The Prince Harold Plantagenet of Richmond (regent), The Rt. Hon. President-General Philip Wellington (representative of King Henry XVII), and The Rt. Hon. Prime Minister David Kamamalu (Head of Government, leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Commons.
Legislative: Royal Hawaiian Islands Parliament, with two houses, the House of Commons and the Senate. The House of Commons are elected every time an election is called and are divided upon a provinces population. The President-General appoints the Senators by province upon advice from the Prime Minister and serve for life. The prime minister is the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons.
Provinces: New North Whales (Kauai County), Elizabeth (Maui Island), Jacquesiana (Oahu Island), Kingsland (Molokai, Kahoolawe, and Lanai Islands), South Winchester (Hawaii Island), and the Northwest Territory (remaining islands from Nihoa Island and Kure Island)
MILITARY:
Hawaiian: Six regiments of infantry and one of cavalry. One regiment of His Majesty’s Hawaiian Foot Guards. Supplemented by a militia of all able bodied men between the ages of 16 and 56.
British: Ten regiments of infantry and one of cavalry. HMS Leopard (similar to OTL Lion-class) is supported by the armored cruiser HMS Tigress and four destroyers. Floatplane carrier HMS Salisbury can carry six floatplanes. Three squadrons of scouts and one of bombers.
ECONOMY: Based mostly on the sugar cane crops, supported by fishing, forestry, and light industry. Uses British Pound as currency.
TECHNOLOGY: Similar to OTL, except aeroplane technology in on par with 1917-1918.
POD: King Henry VIII is able to produce a strong healthy son before he dies. He is named Henry and is crowned King Henry IX after the death of his father in 1547. Henry IX forms a powerful European dynasty that dominates Europe by the begging of the Twentieth Century. Henry IX returned England back to Catholicism.
HISTORY: The Winchester Islands (also known as Hawai’i) were discovered in 1789 by French explorer David de la Salle, and was soon followed by British explorer Paul Cook. La Salle established the colony of Jacquesiana, after King Jacques II. Cook established the colony of New North Whales on the island of Kauai. The French and British fought each other over control of the Winchester Islands (named after the Duke of Winchester that sponsored Cook’s journeys), and finally ended in 1856 when Jacquesiana finally fell to British forces.
Since then, Britain has established a powerful foothold on the islands, only interrupted by French uprisings in 1887 and 1902. In 1899, Winchester was granted dominion status. After the Uprising of 1902, a French Bill of Rights was passed allowing the French-Hawaiians to practice their religion and speak their own language.

[Tetsu]

The Norse Kingdom (Norway)
Capital: Christiana
Head of State: King Olaf Tyrgvvasson VI
Leader: Speaker of the Althing Erik Haaroldsson
Population: 14,533,200 people (Scandinavia proper, not including colonies)
POD: 627 AD- Khosrau II of Sassanian Persia's war with Rome falls into a stalemate. The Shah survives to strenghten Persia, and Islam is strangled in it's cradle. There is no Ummayad Caliphate.

I'll have more information up, such as military forces and a more in-depth history later.

[DuQuense]

http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CHING/TAIPING.HTM

Name:
Tiaping Republic of China

Population:
128 million

Empress Dowager T'zu Hsi

K'ang Yu-wei [b1858 president] Yuan Shih-k'ai [b1859] Minister of War

Hung Hsiu-ch'üan
History:
While the Chinese entered into conflict with Europe and European culture during the Opium War and after, it was also convulsed by a number of rebellions in mid-century. With rebellion in Nien (1853-1868), several Muslim rebellions in the southwest (1855-1873) and northwest (1862-1877), and, especially, the Taiping rebellion, the consequences for China during this period were devastating. In the Taiping rebellion alone, which lasted for twenty years, almost twenty to thirty million died as a direct result of the conflict. In fact, the period from 1850 to 1873 saw, as a result of rebellion, drought, and famine, the population of China drop by over sixty million people. Along with humiliating defeats at the hands of European powers, the mid-nineteenth century in China was truly tragic.

IOTL the Taiping Rebellion ended in 1864, with the defeat and Suicide of Hung Hsiu-ch'üan, the leader of the Tiaping Religious Movement.
POD: in spring of 1863 a disease started in one of the Coast Cities occupied, by the Europeans. A form of herramage fever, extremely contagious, Highly lethal, and fast acting. Due to the lack of Administrative structure due to the civil war, It spread nation wide within three months. By the end of the summer the population of China was less than 75 millions.

Hung Hsiu-ch'üan, the leader of the Tiaping Religious Movement. Noticed the bleeding usually started in the hand and feet [mostly to have small cuts from work, And used this in his sermons [Bleeding of Christ] And proclaimed this a sign of God's desire to drive the Idol Worshipers, and Foreign Devils from Tiaping [Kingdom of Heavenly Peace]. With the death of Empress T'zu Hsi. And the Ch'ing Dynasty, Hung Hsiu-ch'üan was left in virtual control of China.

Most of the Western World reacted to the outbreak with very strict Inter, & Intra National Quarintines. It did Devastate Africa [Duh] and parts of India & South America. Western Europe managed to stop it. It Did bring the American Civil War to a Screeching, halt, as the only people moving were the Public health Officials. Six months later after the Outbreak passed, there was no will to resume the war. In eastern Russia [Siberia] It did lots of damage, but had mostly burnt out before reaching European Russia.

Following this the Europeans moved in. The Russians got Port Arthur, the British got the New Territories around Hong Kong, the Germans got a leasehold in Shantung and the Dalian peninsula, The french got Hainin island and the Zanjaing Peninsula, the and the Japanese got Korea and the Trans Yalu. Even the Italians finally got a piece of China, around the City of Fuzhou.

As China started putting itself back together, It developed as a Xenophobic Militaristic society. [Made the US isolation look like rampart Gobalization]. The Republic's stated Foreign Policy, Is to Drive the Foreign Devils Back into the Sea, And restore China to the Heavenly Peace and Culture, it enjoyed before the Foreign Devils arrived. The Chinese consider not only the Concession Territories, But Indochina, Korea, & Russian Mongolia, as covered by this.

Military:
Following the Disaster, In order to achieve it's goals. The military was reorganized, adopted Western models of military organization and discipline. Key to this new military was the establishment of the military as a career; a new professional officer corps was created built on a new principle: loyalty to the Republic rather than loyalty to the Emperor, Or one's Commander.

Army- ~7 million, 1.5 million Calverly. 1million Artillery, 4.5 Infantry.
Navy-~1.5 million, including Marines. Ships-15 modern dreadnoughts, 28 battleships (pre-dreadnought design), 12 battle cruisers, 18 heavy cruisers, 15 lite cruisers, 180 destroyers and 110 frigates ,with hundreds of other ships down to, Subs, Yachts & Tugs.
Air Corp~ 95.000, 1.500 planes. Basically those 1914 planes with the Rear Gunner.
China Has embassies in most Countries, and while the term isn't Current, they are running wholesale Industrial Espionage. They don't respect Patent Rites, or pay Lienseing Fees.

Economy:
In late 1863 as the Imperial Government was decinergrating, LI HUNG CHANG , [b1823] Chinese statesman, and, TSENG KUO-FAN [b1811] Chinese statesman and general, who had been two of the major Generals on the Imperial side, made their way to Nanking. How they managed is a Mystery, but they ended up in charge of the Administration for the Tiaping. Two years later after thing started normalizing, they issued Edicts, with the express purpose of changing China into a modern, constitutional state. Able to defeat the West. These edicts included:

* the inclusion of Western studies in all Chinese education;
* the adoption of a public school system;
* the establishment of popularly elected local assemblies;
* the eventual creation of a national parliamentary government;
* Westernization of the Chinese bureaucracy;
* the development of official ministries to promote commerce, industry, and banking;
* the reform of the army.
* the establishment of Western Industries

For Fifty years now, China has been trying to Catch up with the West. They have built extensive Canals, Bridges, Roads & Railroads. As well as starting nationwide Electric & Telefono systems. They are equal to OTLs 1914 German in Industrial Capacity.

Other:
While The Western powers see a Monolithic Power that seem determined to take over the world. There are many unseen problems.
1] With one out of Seven males in the Military, starting at 18, for 6 years. The average Age of Marriage has risen to 28 for males and 24. This rise in Womens Marriage age along with the shortage of young Males, has allowed large numbers of Women into the Labor force. While the vast Majority of them Drop out when Married, this experience of controlling their own Money, makes them much more independent. No NOW, but it is coming.
2] It has been close to two Generations since the great Disaster. For most of the Second Generation it is simply a History Lesson, they aren't really interested in. Like todays OTL Chinese and the Communist Revolution. None of the young believe.
3] While the Forced industrialization appears to have worked, Like OTL's, USSR, the Military is gobbling up ~40% of the GNP. While the Forced Industrialization is taking another ~25-30%. The Young Educated Urban Class is Suffering from lack of Consumer Goods, and Envy of the Chinese in the Concessions in Growing.
4] As Most of the population becomes Urban, Middle Class, The Birth rate has been falling like the Industrial Western Powers. It is presently about ~3. & continuing to fall

Flag:
Traditional, Red with a Golden Dragon, serpentine across the centre

[perdedor99]

Kingdom of Canada
Capital: Ottawa
Government: Constitutional Monarchy, King George V (not isoted) Canadian Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden.
Population: 10 millions

Russian North America
Capital: New Moscow (OTL Vancouver)
Government: Constitutional Monarchy, Tsar Alexander III (not isoted) Governor Pytor Mikhailovich.
Population: 7 millions

State of Erie
Capital: Toronto
Government: State of the United States of America. Governor James Talbott.
Population: 1 million

Military:
State of Erie
82nd Infantry Brigade National Guard
Border Guards (2 regiments total) on border fortifications.

Kingdom of Canada
3 British Army Regular divisions
6 Canadian Militia Divisions
RN: 1 Dreadnaught and 2 pre dreadnaughts plus 8 destroyers
RCN: 6 destroyers

Russian North America
10 Infantry division( 2 regular, 8 Militia)
Russian North American Fleet.
2 Dreadnaughts, 2 predreanaughts, 4 armored cruisers and 12 destroyers

History from 1812 to 1914
1812

U.S. forces were not ready for war, still American forces almost succeeded in conquering Canada in the campaigns of 1812 and 1813. The initial plan called for a three-pronged offensive: from Lake Champlain to Montreal; across the Niagara frontier; and into Upper Canada from Detroit. The attacks were uncoordinated but still two of them achieved part of their objectives. In the West, Gen. William HULL defeated a British force in Detroit in August 1812 by sheer luck; on the Niagara front, American troops won the Battle of Queenston Heights in October and advance north in the direction of Toronto and Ottawa; and along Lake Champlain the American forces withdrew in late November without seriously engaging the enemy. The American forces conquered the majority of Upper Canada by the winter of 1812.

1813
British counterattacks to recover Upper Canada in 1813 were again mostly unsuccessful. There was a standoff at Wattawa, and an elaborate attempt to attack Northern Massachussets by a combined operation involving one force advancing along the border and another sailing down the coast in the direction of Portland failed at the end of the year. The only success was in eastern Upper Canada. The British won control of the Kingston region when a force under General Issac Brock on Oct. 5, 1813 defeated an American army under the command of Gen. William Henry HARRISON. In this battle the Gen. William Henry HARRISON, was killed while leading a failed counterattack.
1814

In 1814 the United States faced complete defeat, because the British, having defeated Napoleon, began to transfer large numbers of ships and experienced troops to America. The British planned to attack the United States in four main areas: in New York along Lake Champlain and the Hudson River in order to sever New England from the union; at New Orleans to block the Mississippi; at Upper Canada to recover the lost territories and in Chesapeake Bay as a diversionary maneuver. The British then hoped to obtain major territorial concessions in a peace treaty.

The British appeared near success in the late summer of 1814. American resistance to the diversionary attack in Chesapeake Bay was so weak that the British, after winning the Battle of Bladensburg (August 24), marched into Washington, D.C., and burned most of the public buildings. President Madison had to flee into the countryside. The British then turned to attack Baltimore but met stiffer resistance and were forced to retire after the American defense of FORT MCHENRY, which inspired Francis Scott KEY to write the words of the "Star-Spangled Banner."

In the north, British veterans advanced into the United States from Montreal. Only a weak American force stood between them and New York City, but a naval defeat in Lake Champlain made the British Command fear the possibility of a severed line of communications and the British army retreated into Canada.

In Ontario the British forced the Americans south but the Battle of Peterborough ended the British advance into the now strong American position in the area.

The British attack into New Orleans ended in defeat. General Andrew Jackson's victory had saved New Orleans, but it came after the war was over. The Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of 1812 but resolved none of the issues that started it, had been signed in Europe weeks before the action on New Orleans.

1815-1830

Both the United States and the British began to fortify their new borders and border clashes were frequent but by 1820 the worst was over, especially with the death of Tecumseh during a raid into the territory of Erie in 1818. By 1820, American and Canadian pioneers had established many frontier settlements as far west as the Mississippi River and western Ontario in the Canadian side of the border. By the 1830's, the Westward Movement on both sides had pushed the frontier across the Mississippi, into Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, and eastern Texas in the American side and into Manitoba and Alberta on the Canadian side. The land beyond, called the Great Plains, was dry and treeless, and seemed to be poor farmland. But explorers, traders, and others who had journeyed farther west told of rich farmland and forests beyond the Rocky Mountains.

1837
1837 War
Rebellion in Lower Canada supported by United States and later by Russia. French Canadian revolt crushed severely. British attack into Erie fails but American attack reached the Montreal from New York before being forced back to their side of the border. Northern Maine captured by British and new borders recognized by the Treaty of Boston (1838). In this treaty Great Britain recognizes their border with Russian North America as the Rockies and renounced to any claim in the Pacific Ocean.

1841-1842
The Oregon War

The two winners of the 1837 War fought an inconclusive war in the Oregon territory that ended with both sides agreeing in dividing the area in the Columbia River. OTL Washington State was recognized as part of the Russian colony.

1861-1865

American Civil War. Fears of annexation by some Canadian leaders pushed ahead plans for Confederation of the British Colonies in North America.

1867
London Conference. The creation of the Kingdom of Canada on March 29 1867.
1868-1914

Peace and better relations exist between the three nations of Canada, United States and Russian North America. Still fortifications exist on all nations’ borders and a greater part of the GNP is used for military purposes than IOTL.

[DuQuense]

Name; Concession Territories

Province of Victoria, Governor General Victor Birdwood, General Jon Monash, Army 25.000 Infantry , 5.000 Calvary {Most of the Calvary, and 2/3rds of the infantry, are Anzac.} 6.000 Artillery, with guns ranging from Coastal 16" to field 3"ers Navy: 2 Dreadnoughts, 1 Battle Cruiser, 2 lite Cruisers, 10 Destroyers, 12 Frigates, and 6 subs. 5 of the Destroyers, and 7 of the Frigates, are Anzac. There are also ~ 30.000 Chinese Troops Mostly in Surrport Roles.

Department of Zanjaing, General Henri-Philippe Petain. General Adolphe Guillaumat. Army- 75.000 Men, 10.000 Calvary, 15.000 Artillery. 50.000 Infantry. Close to a !/3rd of the Calvary & Artillery are Chinese, as are 3/4ths of the Infantry. There are also 10.000 Vietnease, in Surrport roles. Navy- 1 Battle Cruiser, 3 lite Cruisers, and 11 Destroyers, plus several dozen gunboats, in the ISOT, [most of the French China Fleet was based in Hainin Island, Not ISOTed]

German Duchy of Liapong, Prince William Hapsburg, Youngest son of the Hapsburg Kaiser. [ATL Austria united Germany] Admiral Alfred Von Tirpitz . Army 25.000 3.000 German Officers, the rest are Chinese, 6.000 Calvary, 5.000 Artillery, 19.000 infantry. Navy- 6 dreadnoughts, 5 battle Cruisers, 8 lite Cruisers, 25 Destroyers. 20.000 Marines. [The Germans realized that if War with Britain broke out, it's fleet would be trapped in the Baltic. As such it stations more of it's fleet abroad, Than in OTL

Russian Mongolia- Major General Paul Von Rennenkampf.. Army 45.000, 28.000 Calvary, 7.000 Artillery, 10.000 Infantry. A Trip Wire to bring in the Main forces back in Russia.

Trans Yalu- The Korean ethnic group extends far north of the Yalu, into the Mountains, while the Japanese control doesn't extend all the way it does extend close to fifty miles north of the Border. This is the longest, and most porous of the Borders. While there are fortifications in most passes. It is impossible to completely fortify the Border. The Japanese have 50 Armored Trains, & 7.500 Calvary to patrol the Tracks. 4.000 Artillery, and 6.000 Infantry, mostly in the fortifications in the passes. The Main Fortifications are south of the Yalu. With the forces in the Trans Yalu holding till the Main Forces in Korea can be activated.

Port Fuzhou, Italian- The Smallest of the Concession, General Luigi Cadorna. Army 15.000, 6.000 Calvary, 3.000 Artillery, 6.000 Infantry. Navy.- 1 Battleship, 1 lite Cruiser, Five Destroyers.
Also in Port Fuzhou is a American Base, [Treaties giving Americans Base privliges date back to the 1801 treaty with Sicily during the Tripoli War] General John Pershing. Two Battle Ships, USS Haiti, & the CSS San Domingo, 4 Lite Cruisers, and a Dozen Destroyers. 12.000 Marines.

Due to the Xenophobic talk of the Chinese, much greater Integration of the Native Chinese has occurred than IOTL. But more effort has also been to transform the Areas, In much of the Concessions, You Would feel like being in Europe or Japan, except for the Chinese looking population.

[Ward]

Kingdom of Hungary
Capital city : Budpest
King : King Charles Robert IX
Prime Minister : Kalman Tisza's
Pop (98 million ) 51,396,223 Came over

History : in 1437 the kingdom of Hungary stoped the Sultan Murad and thew the Ottomans out of Europe . In 1514 the Kingdom of Hungary had conqured the kingdom of Poland, and owned what had been the Roman Empire of the East by the year of 1614 .
The kingdom has been stable for the last 200 years with its boarders running from the Baltic to the Med. Sea . Areas in the med. included Turkey, The mideast and Eygpt .

Tec is that of about 1914 The Kingdom had over 600,000 miles of Railroad track and is heavy into Lighter then Air Craft .

The Army that came across is Ten Divs made up of 40 Regs of Inf and 30 Regs of Art. They also have 6 Dragoon Regs, 8 Hussar Regs and 5 Lancer Regs .
The Navy has 3 BB , 2 BC , 10 PreDeadnouts ,4 AC , 9 Scout Crussiers and 20 DD and 40 TB